• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.316-335
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 생태적 지위 이론(개념과 정의)의 시대별 변화를 검토하여 이를 바탕으로 동식물의 서식지 관련 연구에 이론적 토대를 제공하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 1900년대부터 현재까지 진행되고 있는 국내·외 생태적 지위에 대한 시대별 주요 논의 동향을 검토하고 분석·정리하였다. 생태학이 발달한 미국, 유럽 등에서는 생태적 지위 이론에 대한 이론적, 실증적 연구가 1900년대 초부터 현재까지 지속해서 이루어지고 있다. 특히, 1900년대 초를 생태적 지위 개념이 태동한 시기라고 한다면 1900년대 중반은 개념이 성장한 시기고, 1900년대 중반에서 후반까지는 개념이 고도화된 시기다. 이렇게 고도화된 개념은 2000년대 접어들어 다양한 기술과 연구 방법 및 분야의 발달에 따라 적용 분야에 따라 다양화가 진행되었다. 이러한 논의를 종합하면, 한 종의 생태적 지위를 정의하는데 고려되어야 할 요소는 1) 대상종의 개체군 동태, 2) 개체군을 유지할 수 있는 모든 생물적 환경 조건(먹이망 상의 먹이 관계와 물질 흐름), 3) 개체군을 유지할 수 있는 모든 비생물적 환경 조건(물리적 환경 조건), 4) 대상종과 생물, 비생물 환경 인자와 이들 환경 인자 간의 모든 직·간접적 상호작용, 5) 대상종의 이동 능력이나 유전적 다양성과 변화에 의한 적응력 등을 포함하는 대응 및 적응 메커니즘 등이었다. 국외의 상황과 달리 국내에서는 생태적 지위에 대한 충분한 이론적, 철학적, 실증적 고찰이 이루어지지 않았다. 그린넬, 엘튼, 허친슨에 의해 제시된 개념과 정의가 선택적으로 일부만 소개되거나, 용어에 관한 설명 없이 단순히 차용되고 있었다. 생태적 지위 이론이 서식지 기반의 생물종 보전과 복원을 위한 토대가 된다는 점에서 생태적 지위에 대한 이론적, 실증적 연구와 연구 방법의 다양화와 고도화 그리고 기술적 발전이 추진되어야 할 것이다. 이는 우리나라 생태학 분야의 학문적 발전뿐만 아니라 생태계와 생물다양성의 효과적이고 성공적인 보전 및 복원을 위한 정책 수립과 시행의 중요한 토대를 제공할 것이다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2009

In order to elucidate the mechanisms affecting plant distributions in the reclaimed dredging area in the Gwangyang steelworks, in the Gwangyang Bay, Korea, we examined soil characteristics and plant distributions in four study sites and a control site in the study area. Desalination occurring along a gradient with increasing elevation, resulting in decrease of soil pH, EC, P, K, Cl, Ca, Mg, and salt and an increase in soil T-N, silt, clay contents. From site 1 (the lowest-elevation site) to site 5 (the highest-elevation site), halophytes decreased in abundance and nonhalophytes increased. The dominant species in each site were: Phragmites communis, Limonium tetragonum, and 12 additional species at site 1, Carex pumila, Suaeda japonica, and 15 additional species at site 2, Spergularia marina, Scirpus planiculmis, and 22 additional species at site 3, Miscantus sinensis, Lespedeza bicolor, and 26 additional species at site 4 and Pinus thunberii, Rhododendron mucronulatum, and 39 additional species at site 5, which resembled a naturally-occurring P. thinbergii community. Cluster analysis of the vegetation data matrix grouped the 35 plots into 5 major groups, and cluster analysis using the soil environment data matrix revealed 4 major groups. CCA of the floristic and environmental data matrix showed a positive relationship of SAR, EC, Na, Cl, and Ca, which are related to salt, in the $1^{st}$ axis and $2^{nd}$ axis, but negative relationships for altitude, organic contents, silt, and clay contents. Notably, plant species in the reclaimed dredging area that were separated along the $1^{st}$ axis showed strong relationships with factors that related to salt. Long-term exposure to natural rainfall in the reclaimed dredging area changed the soil characteristics, such as salinity. This change in soil characteristics might alter the SAR, which affects plant survival strategies in a given habitat. These results strongly indicated that factors related to salt and elevation play important roles in determining the overall plant distribution in the reclaimed dredging area.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.103-114
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• 2012

The purpose of this research is classifying stream into different types depending on various factor from the perspective of stream corridor restoration and using it as basic data, which are used to consider efficient management and planning for the healthy stream according to the characteristic by types. In this study, 130 points of location of the Nakdong river basin which consist of various geographic factors have been chosen and hierarchical cluster analysis has been carried out in these points by using biological and physiochemical factors whose health can be considered to be predicted and evaluated. As a result of cluster analysis, there were three divided types. Type A whose biology and water quality are considered the best was the highest in forest area percentage so that it was classified into natural stream. Type B was classified into a rural region stream with a mixture of urban and agricultural region. Type C, with the most damaged water quality and biology health had the most urban region surface area and was named as urban region stream. Moreover, an overall restoration strategy according to characteristic by stream types was set. By the results of correlation analysis on factors, water quality showed a high correlation with biological properties and was affected by surrounding land usage. In evaluation of streams, it proves the need to consider not only other habitat's geographical and biological factors but also the water quality and land usage factors. There needs to be further research on stream ecosystem functionality factors and structural aspects by using a more objective and total evaluation result in selecting additional index and various other specific classification methods by stream types and its restoration strategies.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.209-220
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 기존의 물리적 하천교란 평가방법을 개선하고 적용성을 분석하였다. 개선한 교란평가 기법은 정성적 항목을 정량적인 항목으로 제시하고 이의 근거와 평가 산정식을 제시하였고, 이에 상응하는 평가영역 내 점수를 보다 세분화 하고 수리특성과 지형 변화를 수치모의에 의한 결과를 이용할 수 있도록 개선하였다. 개선된 교란평가방법은 적용성을 확인하기 위해 비정비하천, 도시관류하천, 산지계류하천의 특성을 가지는 6개의 하천에 적용하여 기존의 평가방법과 개선된 평가방법의 결과를 비교 분석하였다. 하상서식환경과 하상재료를 제외한 8가지 평가항목은 HEC-RAS 수치모의 결과를 직접 입력하여 간편하게 수행할 수 있었다. 또한 정량적 평가방법의 적용 결과 기존의 평가방법보다 민감한 평가 결과를 나타냈으나, 전반적으로 기존의 평가방법과 비슷한 결과를 나타내어 적용성이 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.145-155
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• 2011

본 연구는 2004년부터 2008년에 걸쳐 강원도 자연환경연구공원 내 산림 및 주변 산림지역을 대상(조사구역 I: 호수 및 주변 수변생태계, 조사구역II: 인가 및 주변 산림생태계, 조사구역Ⅲ: 산림생태계)으로 육상 포유동물의 종다양성과 분포현황 및 변화양상을 조사한 것이다. 본 연구 동안 멸종위기종인 하늘다람쥐, 수달, 삵 등이 연구지역 내에 서식하고 있는 것을 확인하였다. 포유동물의 종다양성은 인가 접경 산림인 조사구역II보다는 수변지역인 조사구역I과 산림지역인 조사구역III에서 다양도가 더 높은 경향을 보였다. 종다양성의 변화는 2006년에 다소 증가했으나 2007년부터 미세하게 감소하기 시작했다. 그러나 종수의 미세한 감소와는 달리 개체수는 2007년부터 매우 크게 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 따라서 연구지역 내 산림에서 포유류의 종다양성과 개체수를 일정하게 유지하기 위한 방안을 마련할 필요가 있다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.141-155
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• 2020

Species composition of fish in the shallow water at Daecheon beach was determined using monthly beach seine samples collected from April 2010 to March 2011. These data were compared with the previous data, one just after reclamation in 1984-1985, and the other in 1995-96, in order to assess the post-reclamation impact of the environmental change on the fish assemblage. A total of 30 species from 1,464 individuals with biomass of 17,808 g were identified. Dominant species in the number of individuals were Chelon haematocheilus (49.3%), Takifugu niphobles (13.7%) and Paralichthys olivaceus (10.0%). Among pelagic fish, migrant juvenile fish such as Sardinella zunasi and Thryssa kammalensis were abundantly collected in 1984-85, but the catch amount was gradually decreased as time untill only few pelagic fish were collected in 2010-2011. The benthic fish were most abundant in 1984-1985 among habitat groups, and Favonigobius gymnauchen and Kareius bicoloratus were the top two predominants. Species composition of benthic fish did not exhibited drastic changes in 1995-1996, but both the abundance decline and the species composition change was evident in 2010-2011. Among the semi-benthic fish from 1984-1985 samples, Sillago japonica and Konosirus punctatus predominated. Species composition was slightly changed in 1995-1996, but significant changes were met in 2010-2011 with the two predominats, Chelon haematocheilus and Takifufu niphobles. These changes in fish species composition may reflect the post-reclamation effect of the impaired water quality and the accumulation of organic rich fine sediments.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.90-102
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• 2018

Background: We sought to understand the relationship between the seed bank and vegetation in abandoned rice paddies in South Korea, in order to guide management of these sites. We investigated the floristic composition and species richness of the soil seed bank and ground vegetation in former paddies along three seral gradients (wet meadow, young forest, and mature forest) in Gwangneung Forest Biosphere Reserve. Results: Seed bank samples contained 59 species, of which the dominant families were Cyperaceae, Gramineae, and Polygonaceae. Species richness and seedling density (59 taxa and 19,121 germinants from all samples) were high. Carex spp. (11, 921 germinants) were the dominant taxa. The species composition in the seed bank changed gradually as the land transitioned from wet meadow to mature forest. Sørensen's index of similarity between above- and below-ground vegetation was 29.3% for wet meadow, 10.8% for young forest, and 2.1% for mature forest. Germinant density also declined, with 10, 256 germinants for wet meadow, 6445 germinants for young forest, and 2420 germinants for mature forest. Conclusions: Changes in aboveground environment and life history traits such as amphicarpic plants, likely affect the composition of soil seed bank species. Abandoned paddy fields may be good sites for restoration of wetland forest and conservation of wetland habitat. Some intervention may be required to promote the recovery of a natural species assemblage.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.30-32
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• 1998

경기도 북부 및 강원도 산악지대에 많이 분포되어 있는 복주머니란의 자생지 생육 환경을 파악하여 재배화를 위한 기초자료로 활용하고자 본 실험을 실시하였다. 복주머니의 자생지의 연평균기온은 $14^{\circ}C$이며, 기온이 가장 낮은 시기는 1월로써 $-7^{\circ}C$었으며, 8월에는 $28^{\circ}C$였다. 자생지의 연평균 저온은 $10.9^{\circ}C$이였으며, 1월에 최저 $-4^{\circ}C$를 나타내었다. 양지에서의 광도는 3월과 5월 사이에 48,000 lux~51,433 lux였으며, 7월에 11,500 lux로 가장 낮았다. 한편 음지에서는 7월과 8월에 광도가 급격히 떨어져 470~865 lux범위로 매우 낮았고, SPAD값은 7월에 34.3으로서 년중 가장 높았다. 자생지 토양 산도는 pH 5.6~5.8 범위이며, 토양수분은 16.4 %~36.2%이었고, 6월에 36.2%로 가장 높았다.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.9-25
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• 2015

Field measurements of various structures have been conducted for many purposes. Measurement data obtained by field measurement is very useful to determine vibration characteristics including dynamic characteristics such as the damping ratio, natural frequency, and mode shape of a structure. In addition, results of field measurements and modal identification can be used for modal updating of FEM analysis, for checking the efficiency of damping devices and so on. This paper shows some examples of field measurements and modal identification for structural health monitoring. As the first example, changes of dynamic characteristics of a 15-story office building in four construction stages from the foundation stage to completion are described. The dynamic characteristics of each construction stage were modeled as accurately as possible by FEM, and the stiffness of the main structural frame was evaluated and the FEM results were compared with measurements performed on non-load-bearing elements. Simple FEM modal updating was also applied. As the next example, full-scale measurements were also carried out on a high-rise chimney, and the efficiency of the tuned mass damper was investigated by using two kinds of modal identification techniques. Good correspondence was shown with vibration characteristics obtained by the 2DOF-RD technique and the Frequency Domain Decomposition method. As the last example, the wind-induced response using RTK-GPS and the feasibility of hybrid use of FEM analysis and RTK-GPS for confirming the integrity of structures during strong typhoons were shown. The member stresses obtained by hybrid use of FEM analysis and RTK-GPS were close to the member stresses measured by strain gauges.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.83-93
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• 2003

This study was conducted for an understanding of a threatened plant species,“Penthorum chinense”, which is a vegetation structure and environmental characteristic in the southern part of Ibaraki, Japan. We selected distribution and contiguity area where P. chinense is not distributed and we set up 69 sites by the quardrat method. The surveyed general characters in each site include mean-height, mean-coverage, moisture condition water depth coverage and depth of litter layer. We calculated the degree of succession by the survey data and grasped the main distribution area, vegetation structure, growth environment of P. chinense by TWINSPAN classification and DCA ordination. The results of this study are as follows. First, P. chinense habitat was categorized into the riverside and abandoned paddy fields. The riverside was influenced by natural disturbance caused by flooding and drought. These conditions led to a poor P. chinense growth. The abandoned paddy fields as the artificial disturbance area have high potential value, because the area can preserve P. chinense growth space by succession control and water management. second, we executed TWINSPAN analysis based on vegetation coverage data of survey sites. The vegetation types were classified into the three categories: annual plant flora(P. chinense dominates in wet state), perennial plant flora(Solidago altissima dominates in dry state), and perennial plant flora(Phragmites communis dominates in wet state). Third, the data was ordinated by DCA. The sample sequences along the first and second DCA axes effectively reflected moisture condition, number of species, mean height, coverage of litter layer and degree of succession. Especially, P. chinense flora has the high correlation with moisture condition and number of species.