• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.1221-1226
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• 1999

Volatile flavor components of glutinous rice koji kochujang made by an improved method were analyzed by using a purge and trap method during fermentation and identified with GC-MSD. Twenty-one volatile flavor components detected immediately after making kochujang including 6 alcohols, 6 esters and 2 aldehydes. Forty-six volatile flavor components including 15 alcohols, 15 esters, 5 acids, 5 aldehydes, 1 alkane, 1 amine, 1 alkene and 3 others were found in an improved kochujang after 150 day of fermentation. Twenty kinds of flavor components, 5 alcohols such as ethanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol. 2-methyl-1-propanol, 6 ester such as ethyl acetate. 2-methylpropyl acetate, ethylbutanoate, phenylacetate, 2 aldehydes and 7 others were commonly found through the fermentation period. Peak area(%) of ethenone was the highest one among the volatile flavor components at immediately after mashing, and ethyl acetate showed the highest peak area after $30{\sim}60$ day of fermentation, and ethanol showed the highest peak area after $90{\sim}120$ day of fermentation, and 3-methyl-1-butanol showed the highest peak area after 150 day of fermentation(as major components). 2-Methyl-1-propanol, 1-butanol and methylbenzene were detected in glutinous rice koji kochujang during the fermentation.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.333-340
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• 1997

An analytical method was developed to determine residues of haloxyfop-R and its methyl ester in soils and soybeans using gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) with electron capture detector (ECD). Soil or soybean sample was acidified and extracted with acetone. The extract was then subjected to ion-associated partition to individually separate haloxyfop-R and the neutral methyl ester. One phase containing haloxyfop-R was methylated with $BF_3$/methanol, partitioned to n-hexane and analyzed by GLC/ECD. The other phase containing the methyl ester was further purified by Florisil column chromatography prior to GLC determination. No cross contamination was found between two phases containing each of the acid and methyl ester, thus two compounds can be separately determined as the identical haloxyfop-R-methyl. Overall recoveries of haloxyfop-R from fortified samples averaged 88.2${\pm}$3.9% (n=12) and 88.3${\pm}$4.0% (n=6) for soils and soybeans respectively, and those of haloxyfop-R-methyl showed mean values of 89.2${\pm}$4.0% (n=12) and 85.6${\pm}$5.6% (n=6). Detection limits of both haloxyfop-R and its methyl esterwere 0.005㎎/㎏ and 0.01㎎/㎏ for soil and soybean samples respectively.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.81-84
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• 2004

Gingival hyperpigmentation may cause esthetic problems and embarrassment. Especially in patients with a gummy smile. Melanin pigmentation is related to estiologic factor such as hormon, systemic factor, drug, smoking and gingival inflamation. During our search for new inhibitory components on melanogenesis from natural resources, MeOH extracts of more than 100 higher plants were tested for the inhibitory effect on melanogenesis in cultured B-16 mouse melanoma cell lines, and methylene chloride soluble part extract of Cnidii Rhizoma MeoH extraction was found to have potent activity. Cnidii Rhizoma, the root of Cnidium officinale Makino (Umbelliferae), is used for the treatment of abdominal pain, arthralgia, headache, hypertension, intestinal colic and for menstrual disorders and uterine cramps for its anti-blood stagnation effect. Two compounds were isolated and their chemical structures were determined as linoleic acid methyl ester(1), 1,3-dilinoleoyl-2-stearoyl glycerol(2), on the basis of physical and spectral data.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.64-71
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• 2019

The present study was conducted to investigate anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of the leaves of Ilex latifolia Thunb (I. latifolia) in in vivo and in vitro. Writhing responses induced by acetic acid and formalin- and thermal stimuli (tail flick and hot plate tests)-induced pain responses for nociception were evaluated in mice. I. latifolia (50 - 200 mg/kg, p.o.) and ibuprofen (100 mg/kg, p.o.), a positive non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), inhibited the acetic acid-induced writhing response and the second phase response (peripheral inflammatory response) in the formalin test, but did not protect against thermal nociception and the first phase response (central response) in the formalin test. These results show that I. latifolia has a significant anti-nociceptive effect that appears to be peripheral, but not central. Additionally, I. latifolia (50 and $100{\mu}g/mL$) and 3,5-di-caffeoyl quinic acid methyl ester ($5{\mu}M$) isolated from I. latifolia as an active compound significantly inhibited LPS-induced NO production and mRNA expression of the pro-inflammatory mediators, iNOS and COX-2, and the pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and $IL-1{\beta}$, in RAW 264.7 macrophages. These results suggest that I. latifolia can produce antinociceptive effects peripherally, but not centrally, via anti-inflammatory activity and supports a possible use of I. latifolia to treat pain and inflammation.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.38 no.2 s.149
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• pp.181-186
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• 2007

Seven phenolic compounds, scopoletin (1), caffeic acid methyl ester (2), apigenin 7-O-${\alpha}$-L-rhamnosyl-(1${\rightarrow}$6)-O-${\alpha}$-D-glucoside (3), isorhamnetin 7-O-${\alpha}$-D-glucoside (4), isorhamnetin 3-O-${\alpha}$-D-glucoside (5), luteolin (6), and quercetin 3-methyl ether (7) were isolated from the methanol extract of the flowers of S. excelsus. Their structures were established by chemical and spectroscopic methods. The isolated compounds were tested for their cytotoxicity against four human cancer cell lines in vitro using a SRB method. The compounds 4 and 7 showed moderate cytotoxicity with ED$_{50}$ values ranging from 1.59 to 13.14${\mu}$g/ml.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.326-333
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• 2009

Fourteen compounds were isolated from the 70% ethanol extract of Lonicera Caulis (Caprifoliaceae) and their structures were identified as seven aliphatic compounds [long-chain alcohols (1, 2), trilinolein (3), hexacosanol (4), fatty acids (6), 9,12,13-trihydroxyoctadeca-10(E),15(Z)-dienoic acid (10), and pinellic acid (11)] and seven phenolics [bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (dioctylphthalate, DOP) (5), coniferaldehyde (7), caffeic acid docosanoyl ester (8), caffeic acid (9), coniferyl aldehyde 4-O-glucoside (12), linarin (13), and coniferin (14)]. The chemical structures of these compounds were identified on the basis of spectroscopic methods and comparison with literature values. All the compounds except for caffeic acid (9) were isolated from this plant parts for the first time.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.151-157
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• 2020

Extensive column chromatography separation of the MeOH extract from the aerial parts of Phyllanthus urinaria afforded seventeen compounds (1 - 17). The structures of the compounds were elucidated by physicochemical and spectroscopic methods to be 5'-β-D-glucopyranosyloxyjasmonic butyl ester (1), (+)-cucurbic acid (2), dendranthemoside B (3), boscialin 4'-O-β-D-glucoside (4), 4,5-dihydroblumenol A (5), (6R,9R)-megastigman-4-ene-9,13-diol (6), (3S,5R,6S,9R)-3,6-dihydroxy-5,6-dihydro-β-ionol (7), (6S,9R)-roseoside (8), mallophenol B (9), icariside B₅ (10), corchoinoside B (11), canangaionoside (12), 5,6-epoxy-3-hydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one (13), icariside B₂ (14), (7E)-2β,3β-dihydroxy-megastigm-7-en-9-one (15), betulalbuside A (16), and loliolide (17). The compounds 1, and 3 - 16 were isolated for the first time from this plant. The absolute stereochemistry of compound 1 was newly determined. The isolated compounds were tested for cytotoxic activity against four human tumor cell lines in vitro using a Sulforhodamin B bioassay, but all the compounds showed weak cytotoxic activities.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.95-101
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• 2003

The lipase gene (lipA) and its activator gene (lipB) of Pseudomonas sp. SW-3 were cloned and sequenced. The lipB was found to be present immediately downstream of lipA. The deduced amino acid sequences of lipA and lipB showed a high level of homology to those of other lipases belonging to the family I.1 of bacterial lipases. When lipA was expressed in Escherichia coli using T7 promoter, an active lipase was produced in cells carrying both lipA and lipB, but not in cells harboring only lipA. Recombinant lipase (rPSL) overproduced in an insoluble form was solubilized in the presence of 8 M urea, purified in a urea-denatured form and refolded by removing urea in the presence of the Ca$\^$2+/ ion. rPLS had maximum activity at pH 8.0 and 50$^{\circ}C$, was stable at pHs from 7.0 to 9.0 and below 50$^{\circ}C$, and showed the highest activity toward the p-nitrophenyl ester of palmitate (Cl6).

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.229-232
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• 1998

Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) has been reported to be responsible for the sustained activation of protein kinase C (PKC). As chondroqenesis is known to be regulated by PKC, this study was performed to investigate the effects of LPC on chondrogenesis of chick limb bud mesenchymes in vitro. LPC treatment of mesenchymes during micromass culture significantly enhanced chondrogenic differentiation. The most effective time of LPC on the stimulation of chondrogenesis was the first day of micromass culture. Analysis of LPC effects on the expression of PKC isoforms revealed that LPC treatment increased expression of PKCa, among the multiple PKC isoforms, in the membrane fraction on day one of culture. The stimulatory effect of LPC on chondrogenesis was abolished if PKCa was down regulated by the prolonged treatment of cells with phorbol ester. The results suqqest that LPC promotes chondrogenesis through the activation of PKCa at the early stage of chondrogenic differentiation.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.248-254
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• 2019

In the present study, we investigated whether quercitrin, quercetin and afzelin derived from Houttuynia cordata affect the production and gene expression of MUC5AC mucin from airway epithelial cells. Confluent NCI-H292 cells were pretreated with quercitrin, quercetin or afzelin for 30 min and then stimulated with epidermal growth factor (EGF) or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) for 24 h. The MUC5AC mucin gene expression and production were measured by RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. The results were as follows: (1) Quercitrin, quercetin and afzelin inhibited EGF- and PMA-induced MUC5AC mucin production from NCI-H292 cells; (2) The three natural products also decreased EGF- and PMA-induced MUC5AC mucin gene expression in NCI-H292 cells. These results suggest that quercitrin, quercetin and afzelin showed the regulatory effect on the steps of gene expression and production of mucin, by directly acting on airway epithelial cells.