• 한국작물학회지
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• 제51권spc1호
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• pp.255-258
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• 2006

홍화 재배시 종실의 수량 감소가 적으면서 꽃잎 수량을 증가시키기 위해 밀식과 적심을 통하여 시험한 결과를 요약하면 아래와 같다. 개화기는 관행이 6월 23일인데 비해 적심 처리구는 2일 늦은 6월 25일에 개화하였으며 밀식처리구는 같았다. 유효분지수는 2열 밀식재배와 3열 밀식재배가 적심이나 대조구에 비해 많았으며, 유효화두수는 3열밀식재배에서 270개/$m^2$로 가장 많았으나 적심은 $186{\sim}223$개/로 적었다. 종실 수량은 대조구 10a당 220 kg에 비해 2열밀식재배는 231 kg으로 5% 증수 되었다. 채화 화두수는 3열밀식이 가장 많았으나 건조된 꽃잎 수량은 2열밀식과 3열밀식이 10a당 25.4 kg, 26.9 kg으로 대조구의 22.0 kg에 비해 각각 15%, 22% 증수되었다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.41-51
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• 2001

'The Ecological Forest' in Youido Park was intended to be an artificial forest in urban center, following the form of natural forests in central Korea. This study was to investigate the planting plan and the vegetation change of 'the Ecological Forest' and to compare it with natural forests of similar plant composition. The natural forests had slopes between $12^{\circ}$ and $21^{\circ}$, whereas 'the Ecological Forest' had slopes between $2^{\circ}$ and $6^{\circ}$. It was unlikely that the slope condition was adequate to show 'toposequence succession' at 'the Ecological Forest'. The soil bulk density and soil hardness of 'the Ecological Forest' were higher than those of the natural forests. The soil pH of 'the Ecological Forest' was 7.45, which was greater than that of the natural forests. There were some changes in plant composition and amounts 2 years after the construction : the number of conifers was reduced from 383 to 338 ; the number of deciduous trees was reduced from 4717 to 1158. It was because of the young trees dead in the sub-tree layer. The herbaceous species planted were 14 families, 31 species, which increased to 37 families, 93 species after 2 years. In case of horizontal structure of vegetation, trees and shrubs were distributed evenly in the natural forests, whereas 'the Ecological Forest' showed uneven distribution with higher total density. In case of vertical structure of vegetation, the natural forests had distinctive layers with dominant species distributed in each layers. In 'the Ecological Forest', however, dominant species were only in tree layer. The natural forests had greater average tree height, tree density, however, and basal area than 'the Ecological Forest'. The results showed that there were some differences in the structure between 'the Ecological Forest' and natural forests. The management plan should be applied in order that the natural condition be restored in 'the Ecological Forest' by competition between plant species and natural processes.

• 임산에너지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.92-99
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• 1999

임분밀도에 따른 소나무림의 biomass생산량, 밀도변화에 따른 임목의 부위별 biomass배분특성 및 교목, 관목, 초본 등 수직층위별 biomass의 분포특성을 파악하고자 중국 백두산 동북부 지역 소나무 천연림에서 연구를 수행하였다. 임분의 밀도를 5등급으로 나누어 각각 교목층, 관목층, 초본층별로 biomass량을 추정하였다. 교목층에서 부위별로 교목층 소나무 biomass량 추정식을 유도한 결과 줄기,수피 및 지상부 전체 biomass량의 경우, logW=a＋blog(D2H)＋c(D2H)식의 적합도가 높게 나타났고 가지, 침엽의 biomass량 및 엽면적의 경우, logW=a＋blogD＋cDtlr의 적합도가 높게 나타났다. 밀도가 증가함에 따라 교목층의 biomass량은 증가하였고 관목과 초본층의 biomass량은 감소하는 추이를 나타내었다. 소나무 천연림내 교목층 임목의 부위별 순생산량은 밀도가 증가함에 따라 모두 증가하였다. 침엽이 지상부 전체 biomass 순생산량 중 차지하는 비율은 밀도가 증가함에 따라 감소함으로써 침엽의 교목층 지상부 biomass량에 대한 생산성은 증가하였다. 밀도가 다른 소나무천연림에서 부위별 순생산량은 모두 줄기>침엽>가지>수피 순이었다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.73-78
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• 1986

The effects of density and soil nutrient regime on competition between individuals in pure and mixed populations of two annuals. Chenopodium album and Digitaria sanguinalis were investigated at the level of enegy allocation. Seedling emergence of two species was extremely high (>90%) in both pure and mixed culture irrespective of the density and nutrient regime, but percentage of seedling establishment or fertile plant became gradually low with increasing density owing to 'self-thinning'. The mean plant dry weight was significantly reduced with increasing density and decreasing soil fertility. The dry matter production of D. sanguinalis in mixture was markedly greater than in pure culture under medium and high density. Also, as considered the number of seed production as reproductive allocation, relationship between them and the number of seed production per plant showed a similar tendency. Therefore, these results indicated that D. sanguinalis had a greater competitive advantage than C. album and energy allocations to variious organs were regulated by plastic response rather than determined genetically.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.841-860
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• 2023

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary mangosteen peel extract (MPE) on growth performance, serum biochemistry, jejunum morphology, and cytokine levels in growing pigs raised at a high stocking density. A total of 120 male growing pigs (43.68 ± 0.48 kg) were randomly arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design with stocking density (high; HD, 0.55 m²/pig and normal; ND, 0.82 m²/pig) and dietary MPE (0 or 5 g/kg) as factors. Each treatment had six replicates with four or six pigs per treatment. Feed and water were provided ad libitum for 6 weeks. The HD group exhibited lower final body weight, average daily gain, and average daily feed than the ND group (p < 0.05). None of the factors affected villus height to crypt depth ratio. Dietary MPE, but not stocking density, increased IL-10 levels in the serum com-pared to the non-supplemented control diet (p < 0.05). In the microbiome analysis, alpha diversity analysis showed significant reductions in the MPE-treated group only under normal density conditions. High density stress induced gut microbiome changes and these response was differ between normal and MPE diet fed pigs. Overall, each group exhibited different major microbial composition in the gut. In conclusion, there were significant changes in the major microbial composition in response to high-density stress, and this variation was influenced by dietary treatment.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.7-16
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• 1991

This research investigated soil, plants, insects and birds in the Mongchon Earth Fort, establishing the 11 plots, according to planting treatment, in order to present management method for ecological stability of species in the ground covering plots. The results of analysizing the investigated data summarize as follows. 1. In the ground covering plots without upper layer, the density and coverage of middle and low layer in the natural plots were higher than those in the artificial plots. 2. In the ground covering plots without upper layer, the density and coverage of low layer were higher than those in the artificial, while the density and coverage of herb layer in the natural plots were lower. 3. Whether there was upper layer or not, the total species diversity and enenness of the ground covering community in the natural plot without artificial treatment and natural treatment plot were higher than those ground covering. 4. In the ground covering plots with upper layer, the species diversity of ground covering in the plots without artificial treatment is high, while the species diversity in the plots with natural treatment caused the secondary succession is higher than that of the natural plot. 5. In the ground covering plots without upper layer, the species diversity in the plots with artificial management was higher than that of natural plots, while the evenness in the plots with artificial management was lower. 6. In the ground covering plots with upper layer the species diversity of insect in the plot of natural state was higher than that of insect in the plots with artifical treatment. 7. Synthetically, in the area with upper layer the species diversity of the ground covering community in the natural plot was high, while in the area without upper layer, the species diversity of it in the plots with artificial treatment was high. The insect turned up frequently in the plots of high species diversity of the ground covering, so the bird did in the plots of high species diversity of the ground covering and insects.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
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• pp.34-36
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• 2003

In boreal conifers in China's Northeast area, maximum latewood density (MXD) of tree-ring varies in response to growing season temperature. Forest net productivity can be estimated using the Normalized-difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) calculated from satellite sensor data. MXD from the Mohe site in this area was compared with estimates of NPP for 1982-1999 produced by the NDVI model, which was established based on the relationship of leaf area index (LAI) and NDVI. The result shows that the MXD series correlated significantly with the NDVI model estimates series, suggesting that MXD appeared to be an appropriate index for productivity or canopy growth in region where forest productivity is strongly temperature-related.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈B:순수및응용수학
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.205-221
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• 2016

We formulate the additive entropy of a natural number in terms of the additive partition function, and show that its multiplicative entropy is directly related to the multiplicative partition function. We give a practical formula for the multiplicative entropy of natural numbers with two prime factors. We use this formula to analyze the comparative density of additive and multiplicative entropy, prove that this density converges to zero as the number tends to infinity, and empirically observe this asymptotic behavior.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.9-18
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• 1986

For identification and apportionment of sources emitting particulate matters in environment, the multi-elemental characterization of size-density fractionated particulate matters was carried out. Eight types of samples were tested; soil, flyash released from burning of bunker-Coil, diesel oil, coal, and soft coal, urban road-way dust, urban dust fall, and airborne particulate matter. The fractions of particulate matters obtained by heavy liquid separation methos with a series of dichloromethane-bromoform were then analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry for Ni, Cr, Cu, An, Fe, Al, and Mg. Each sample showed a different concentration profile as a function of density, and a number of useful conclusions concerning characterization of elemental distribution were obtained. From the density distributions of elements in soil, the maximum value was found for all elements in the density range of 2.2 $\sim 2.9g.cm^{-3}$, including the density of $SiO_2$. However, the distribution of metallic compounds with the density lower than $2.2g.cm^{-3}$ was prevalent in urban roadway dust, urban dust fall, and airborne particulate matter. And the density distribution curves of these urban dusts also have the higher distribution at the density of 2.2 - 2.9g.cm^{-3}$, including the density of wind-blown silica. This tendency generally was prevalent in the natural source elements, such as Al, Fe, Mn, and Mg. The maximum values were found in the density ranges of 1.3 $\sim 2.2g.cm^{-3}$ from the density distribution of elements in oil fired flyash. These distributions of anthropogenic source elements, such as Zn, Ni, Cu, and Cr were higher predominately than those of natural source elements. And the higher distribution was found in the density range of $2.2 \sim 2.9g.cm^{-3}$ from the density distribution of elements in coal and soft-coal fired flyash. These distributions showed similar patterns to soil. But anthropogenic source elements somewhat predominated at the density ranges of $1.3 \sim 2.2g.cm{-3} and 2.9g.cm^{-3}$ to soil. Therefore the higher distribution of anthropogenic source elements in the density ranges of $1.3 \sim 2.2g.cm^{-3} and 2.9g.cm^{-3}$ was considered as anthropogenic origin.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2013

The study was carried out in two different forest types viz., Banj oak and Chir pine forests to assess the variation in forest species composition and soil properties along altitudinal gradients in the Garhwal Himalayas. The results of the study showed that between the forests soil moisture was higher in Banj oak forest because of closed canopy and dense forest compared to Chir pine forest. The sand particles were reported higher in Banj oak forest which might be due to the addition of organic matter favouring coarse structure of soil, helping in holding maximum water in soils. However in the Chir pine forest low amount of soil organic matter and presence of clayey soil, develops soil compactness which reduces the penetration of water resulting in high soil bulk density. The higher accumulation of litter and presence of moisture in Banj oak forest favours higher nutrient level of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compared to Chir pine forest. The soil organic carbon also reduced with increasing altitude at both gradients. While bulk density has reverse trend with soil organic carbon in both the forests at different peaks of same region. In Banj oak forest, the highest density and total basal cover was reported 1,100 tree $ha^{-1}$ and 58.86 $m^2\;ha^{-1}$ respectively. However, the highest values of density and total basal cover of Chir pine forest was 560 tree$ha^{-1}$ and 56.94 $m^2\;ha^{-1}$ respectively. The total density and basal cover of both the forests reduced with increasing altitude. The study concludes that Banj oak forest has better nutrient cycling ability, well developed foest floor and has a greater protective and productive features compared to the Chir pine forest which is without lower vegetation cover and having only pine litter accumulation which does not allow any other species to grow.