• 한국가스학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.18-24
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• 1998

본 연구에서는 한계비용 이론에 바탕을 둔 램지가격결정방식과 효율적요소가격결정방식을 이용하여 천연가스 가격체계의 이론적 모형을 도출함으로써 사회후생의 최적화를 달성하기 위한 국내 가스가격결정방식의 개선방향을 제시하였다. 사례연구를 통하여 국내 가스산업의 현행 원가보상방식, 램지가격결정방식과 효율적요소가격결정방식에 의한 가격간에 배분효율성과 사회후생을 비교 분석하였다. 배분효율성은 도시가스용의 경우에 원가보상방식이 램지가격결정방식 및 효율적요소가격결정방식에 비하여 높게 나타났으나, 발전용의 경우는 원가보상방식이 두 방식에 비하여 낮음을 알 수 있었다. 반면에 사회후생효과는 현행의 원가보상에 의한 가격결정방식보다 램지가격결정방식과 효율적요소가격결정방식을 적용하는 것이 보다 더 향상되는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.320-326
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• 2004

We have extracted the natural pine-needles to use ethanol in solvent, and could obtain the refined oil component from pine-needles extract. We have tested the antimicrobial effect from microbe experiment and analyzed with ICP/OES, GC/MS. we could obtain the next conclusion from the result of this experiment. In the first result of this experiment we could know that in case of increasing concentration of pine-needles, the number of microbe decreased more and more. Also we could know that the refined oil component of pine-needles appeared the sterilization effect of S-aureus and E-coli after 96hrs and 120hrs. So we could know that the refined oil component of appeared effect to microbe. In the second result of this experiment we could know that inorganic materials of Ca, Mg, V, Mn etcs from pine-needles detected to ICP/OES analysis and the aromatic compounds from refined oil component of pine-needles was certificated to GC/MS analysis.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.393-401
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• 2011

Natural Curcumin belongs to Zingiber Officinale Roscoe was known to possess natural odor, natural taste, natural color, and other pharmaceutical & chemical characteristics. Natural Curcumin extract was made to use ethanol as a solvent was to show a yellow color having state of solid powder and an active component. Natural Curcumin extract tested pharmaceutical & chemical experiment to dilute in curcumin 1%-water solution. Curcumin extract tested antimicrobial experiment using microbe, and tested dye experiment using fiber. Some conclusions in the result of characteristics experiment was obtained as follow. The result of antimicrobial experiment showed that the growth of staphylococcus aureus (ATCC-001) and aspergillus niger (ATCC-002) as microbes decreased according to passage of time. This phenomenon could know that Curcumin compoment showed influence to antimicrobial effect. Also, the result of dye experiment showed that cotton and sick with fiber dyeing dyed in direction of dark yellow color. This phenomenon could know that Curcumin extract showed influence to dyeing effect in observation of optical electron microscope(OEM.) The result of instrument analysis ascertained inorganic components of K(53.300ppm), Na(1.150ppm), Ca(0.711ppm), Ti(0.351ppm), Li(0.256ppm), Cu(0.233ppm) etcs from Curcumin component with ICP/OES, and ascertained organic components of propanoic acid(1.859), benzene(10.814), phenol(14.194) etcs from Curcumin component with GC/MSD.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.795-806
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• 2007

We investigate F-traceless component of the conformal curvature tensor defined by (3.6) in $K\ddot{a}hler$ manifolds of dimension ${\geq}4$, and show that the F-traceless component is invariant under concircular change. In particular, we determine $K\ddot{a}hler$ manifolds with parallel F-traceless component and improve some theorems, provided in the previous paper([2]), which are concerned with the traceless component of the conformal curvature tensor and the spectrum of the Laplacian acting on $p(0{\leq}p{\leq}2)$-forms on the manifold by using the F-traceless component.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.241-249
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• 2005

This experiment extracted the natural green-tea using ethanol and obtained the refined oil component after filterated green-tea extract. This study tested the antimicrobial effect as characteristics experiment, and analyzed refined oil component with pH-meter and GC/MS. In the result of this experiment, it obtained the next conclusions. In the first result of extraction experiment, it could know that extraction ratio of refined oil component appeared about 9.0%. In the second result of characteristics experiment, it could certificate that in case of increasing the refined oil component in concentration of 100ppm and above, and according to passage of cultivation time, the number of S-aureus and E-coli in microbe decreased less and less. But in case of blank test not adding the refined oil component, the number of microbe increased more and more. In these phenomena, it could certificate that refined oil component of green-tea appeared antimicrobial effect against microbe. In the third result of instrumental analysis, refined oil component of green-tea appeared about 7.6 in 1% distilled water solution with pH-meter, and the aromatic components of benzene, bonyl acetate, campene, ${\alpha},{\beta},{\gamma}$-pinnene etcs from refined oil component of green-tea was detected with GC/MS.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.32-43
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• 2003

이 연구는 단성분계(메탄)과 다성분계(천연가스) 하이드레이트의 상평형 조건을 관찰하고, 반응시간에 따른 하이드레이트 생성 거동을 관찰하여 비교 분석하였다. 단성분과 다성분계 하이드레이트의 차이점은 크게 유도지체시간과 안정 영역이다. 반응시 다성분계 하이드레이트는 가스의 성분들이 서로 다른 농도변화를 나타내었으며, 제조된 하이드레이트를 해리시켰을 때도 서로 다른 해리 속도에 의해 각 가스 성분들의 농도가 변화되었다. 압력이 6 MPa이고, 온도가 276.65 K이며, 교반속도가 600 rpm일때 다성분계 하이드레이트 제조시 메탄이외의 여러 가스 성분들에 의해 하이드레이트 핵 생성이 빠르게 진행되어 유도지체시간은 짧다. 그리고 단성분계 하이드레이트는 단일 성분으로 이루어져 있으므로 안정 영역이0.055 mole of $CH_4$/mole of water에서 보다 뚜렷하게 관찰되고, 다성분계 하이드레이트는 안정 영역이 0.04 mole of $CH_4/$mole of water에서 관찰된다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.266-272
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• 2010

Natural Ginger extract was extracted from Ginger component using ethanol as a solvent, and we tested various pharmaceutical characteristics in this extract. Characteristics experiment to use natural Ginger extract tested antimicrobial experiment using microbe, and analyzed organic and inorganic component with analysis instrument. From the result of characteristics experiment, some conclusions are obtained as follow. In this experiment, natural Ginger extract was obtained about 22.50 g-Ginger extract(extraction ratio : 1.80%) as liquid state of some viscous yellow-brown color. The result of antimicrobial experiment with staphylococcus aureus and aspergillus niger in microbe decreased more and more according to passage of reaction time. This phenomenon could know that Ginger extract has influenced to antimicrobial effect. In the result of instrumental analysis, aromatic organic components of benzimidazole(1.283), propyl isothiocyanate or isothiocyanic acid(1.477) etcs from Ginger extract were detected with GC/MS and inorganic component of Ca(27.6 ppm), K(24.08 ppm), Mg(6.03 ppm), Na(1.02 ppm), Zn(1.02 ppm), Sb(0.711 ppm) and Li(0.079 ppm) etcs from Ginger extract were detected with ICP/OES.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.608-619
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• 2017

In this research, we analyze jackets from the Paris Haute Couture Collection from 2000 S/S~2015 F/W to investigate how shape, tailoring component, and design of jackets have changed. Our analysis of 2,493 jackets from the collection shows that the hour-glass silhouette was the most popular among silhouettes and that standard-length was the most popular jacket length. Such jacket shape expresses the natural beauty of human body. Regarding Tailoring Components, our analysis shows that tight sleeve and natural shoulder line, which is neither too wide, padded, nor low, were prevalent. The analysis also shows that tailored collar and button closure were the most common. Tight sleeve and natural shoulder line, which fit the body outline, allow the silhouette to show natural curves of the human body. As for jacket design, popular colors differed by season, but single-colored jackets prevailed, and woven was the most used material. Since 2000, the most favored form of jacket in women's fashion was a standard-length jacket with an hour-glass silhouette, tight sleeve, natural shoulder line, and tailored collar. This suggests that jackets emphasizing natural curves of the body were favored. Overall, silhouette, length, sleeve, and shoulder line remained consistent while collar and closure varied. This indicates that collar and closure method play a significant role in changes in fashion. Seasonally, elements of shape, tailoring component, and design coexist, but once the shape is determined, the tailoring component and design change in relation to each other.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2023

A simplified calculation method of natural vibration characteristics of high-speed railway multi-span bridge-longitudinal ballastless track system is proposed. The rail, track slab, base slab, main beam, bearing, pier, cap and pile foundation are taken into account, and the multi-span longitudinal ballastless track-beam-bearing-pier-cap-pile foundation integrated model (MBTIM) is established. The energy equation of each component of the MBTIM based on Timoshenko beam theory is constructed. Using the improved Fourier series, and the Rayleigh-Ritz method and Hamilton principle are combined to obtain the extremum of the total energy function. The simplified calculation formula of the natural vibration frequency of the MBTIM under the influence of vertical and longitudinal vibration is derived and verified by numerical methods. The influence law of the natural vibration frequency of the MBTIM is analyzed considering and not considering the participation of each component of the MBTIM, the damage of the track interlayer component and the stiffness change of each layer component. The results show that the error between the calculation results of the formula and the numerical method in this paper is less than 3%, which verifies the correctness of the method in this paper. The high-order frequency of the MBTIM is significantly affected considering the track, bridge pier, pile soil and pile cap, while considering the influence of pile cap on the low-order and high-order frequency of the MBTIM is large. The influence of component damage such as void beneath slab, mortar debonding and fastener failure on each order frequency of the MBTIM is basically the same, and the influence of component damage less than 10m on the first fourteen order frequency of the MBTIM is small. The bending stiffness of track slab and rail has no obvious influence on the natural frequency of the MBTIM, and the bending stiffness of main beam has influence on the natural frequency of the MBTIM. The bending stiffness of pier and base slab only has obvious influence on the high-order frequency of the MBTIM. The natural vibration characteristics of the MBTIM play an important guiding role in the safety analysis of high-speed train running, the damage detection of track-bridge structure and the seismic design of railway bridge.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 자연영상에 존재하는 문자들을 효율적으로 검출하기 위한 새로운 접근 방법을 제안한다. 빛 또는 조명의 영향에 의해 획득된 영상 내에 존재하는 반사성분은 문자 또는 관심객체들의 경계가 모호해 지거나 관심객체와 배경이 서로 혼합되었을 경우, 문자추출 및 인식을 함에 있어서 오류를 포함시킬 수 있다. 따라서 영상 내에 존재하는 반사성분을 제거하기 위해 먼저, 영상으로부터 Red컬러 성분에 해당하는 히스토그램에서 두개의 피크 점을 검출한다. 검출된 두 개의 피크 점들 간의 분포를 사용하여 노말 또는 편광 영상에 해당하는지를 판별한다. 노말 영상의 경우 부가적인 처리를 거치지 않고 문자영역을 검출하며 편광 영상인 경우 조명성분을 제거하기 위해 호모모픽 필터링 방법을 적용하여 반사성분에 해당하는 영역을 제거한다. 그리고 문자영역을 검출하기 위해 색 병합과 세일런스 맵을 이용하여 각각의 문자 후보영역을 결정한다. 마지막으로 두 후보영역을 이용하여 최종 문자영역을 검출한다.