• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.131-135
• /
• 2009

This study was designed to investigate the antioxidant effect of Suaeda japonica grown in Suncheon Bay. S. japonica was extracted using different solvents and the extracts were examined for their antioxidative activities with various methods. When the total phenolic contents were determined, the contents in the ethyl acetate, butanol and methanol extracts were 21.33, 17.31, and 2.33 mg/g, respectively. Fractions of butanol extract recorded the highest values of DPPH radical scavenging activity, $\beta$-carotene bleaching assay, and FRAP assay. The DPPH radical scavenging activities of butanol, ethyl acetate, methanol and water fractions were 77.46, 74.43, 47.99, and 27.70%, respectively. The FRAP value of butanol extract was 2.42 mM. But, the fraction of ethyl acetate extract was recorded the highest TBARS value. These results suggest that S. japonica, the specialty of Suncheon, could be a potential source of natural antioxidants.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.143-150
• /
• 2007

Although animal and epidemiological studies have suggested oxidative stress as an etiological factor in pathogenesis including cancer, inflammation, sepsis, fibrosis, cardiovascularlneurodegenerative diseases and aging-related disorders, conflicting results have been obtained in clinical trial with antioxidants. The reason for this discrepancy remains unknown but may be due, in part, to the lack of a validated assay system for evaluating antioxidant capacity. The antioxidant activity of a series of sugar alcohols against peroxyl radicals, hydroxyl radicals and peroxynitrites was determined by the total oxy-radical scavenging capacity (TOSC) assay and cell-based assay using H4IIE cells. Specific TOSC values calculated from the slope of the linear regression for erythritol, xylitol, sorbitol or mannitol against peroxyl radicals was $2.1{\pm}0.2,\;3.7{\pm}0.3,\;9.1{\pm}0.3$ or $8.7{\pm}1.1$ TOSC/mM, respectively. Specific TOSC values for erythritol, xylitol, sorbitol or mannitol against peroxynitrite was $1.9{\pm}0.3,\;3.9{\pm}0.4,\;7.8{\pm}0.7$ or $7.7{\pm}0.5$ TOSC/mM, respectively. These results suggest that oxy-radical scavenging capacity is dependent on the number of aliphatic hydroxyl group in sugar alcohols of monosaccharide. Tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced cell toxicity determined by MTT assay was marginally attenuated by 10 mM erythritol, but completely inhibited by 10 mM xylitol, 2 mM sorbitol or 0.75 mM maltitol, a disaccharide alcohol. Oxidative stress markers, such as glutathione (GSH) and malondial-dehyde (MDA) levels, were measured in t-BHP-treated cells using HPLC equipped with a fluorescence detector and a reverse phase column. Erythritol did not change the levels of GSH and MDA in H411E cells treated with t-BHP. The t-BHP-induced changes in cellular GSH and MDA levels were ameliorated by 10 mM xylitol and completely blocked by 10 mM sorbitol and maltitol. These results indicate that sugar alcohols protect cells against oxidative stress via scavenging oxy-radical and suggest that TOSC assay in conjunction with cell-based assay is a valid method for evaluating antioxidant capacity of natural and synthetic chemicals.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.137-144
• /
• 2016

Objectives: Several studies have revealed that systemic hypertension is strongly associated with cataractogenesis. However, the pathophysiology and treatment is often unclear. In this study, we evaluated the anti-cataractogenic effect of cinnamaldehyde (CA), a natural organic compound, in rats with fructose-induced hypertension. Methods: The rats were divided into six groups. For six weeks, the normal group received a suspension of 0.5% carboxy methyl cellulose (10 mL/kg/day, p.o.) while five other groups received a 10% (w/v) fructose solution in their drinking water to induce hypertension. By the end of the third week hypertension had been induced in all the animals receiving fructose. From the beginning of the fourth week to the end of the sixth week, one of those five groups (control) continued to receive only 10% (w/v) fructose solution, one group (standard) received ramipril (1 mg/kg/day, p.o.) plus 10% (w/v) fructose solution, and three groups (experimental) received CA at doses of 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg/day p.o., plus 10% (w/v) fructose solution. Blood pressure was measured weekly using a non-invasive blood pressure apparatus. After six weeks, the animals were sacrificed, and the anti-cataractogenic effects on the eye lenses were evaluated. Results: Administration of fructose elevated both the systolic and the diastolic blood pressures, which were significantly reduced by CA at all dose levels. In the control group, a significant increase in the malonaldehyde (MDA) level and decreases in the total protein, $Ca^{2+}$adenosine triphosphate (ATP)ase activity, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels, as compared to the normal group, were observed. Administration of CA at all doses significantly restored the enzymatic, non-enzymatic, antioxidants, total protein, and $Ca^{2+}$ATPase levels, but decreased the MDA level, as compared to the control group. Conclusion: The present study revealed that CA modulated the antioxidant parameters of the serum and lens homogenates in hypertension-induced cataractogenic animals.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.46 no.4
• /
• pp.333-337
• /
• 2003

This study was conducted to estimate the biofunctional characteristics, namely nitrite scavenging effect of barley leaves (BL) and their mixture (AM) with other antioxidants. Aqueous or methanol extracts were obtained from BL and AM. Aqueous and methanol extracts from barley leaves had relatively higher nitrite scavenging effects and its activities and contents increased in a concentration-dependent manner. The activities and contents of methanol extracts obtained from BL and AM were higher than those of aqueous extracts. Especially, AM containing BL and other antioxidant mixture had the highest activities and contents increased in a concentration-dependent manner. BL or AM were added to macrophage cells of RAW 264.7. Survival rates of the cells treated with BL and AM were measured to be different. $IC_{50}$ value decreased in a concentration-dependent manner by the addition of aqueous or methanol extracts from BL and AM. Especially, methanol extracts of AM had the highest nitrite scavenging effects. Thus, BL and AM may have protective effect against carcinogen and immune ability against reactive molecules through NO (nitric oxide) signal pathway. From the above results, barley leaves appear to contain natural anticancer and immune-related agents and may have potentiality to be used as functional food ingredients.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.51 no.6
• /
• pp.296-301
• /
• 2008

The extracts from Salvia officinalis were studied for antioxidative activities and inhibitory activities against angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) and xanthine oxidase (XOase). Total phenolic compounds were found as 22.28, 26.3, 24.63, and 28.22 mg/g in the water, 60% ethanol, 60% methanol and 60% acetone extracts, respectively. The antioxidant activities of Salvia officinalis extracts were measured as $64.4{\pm}1.5%$ at $200\;{\mu}g/ml$ on EDA, inhibition rate on ABTS of $96.9{\pm}0.2%$, antioxidant protection factor of $2.30{\pm}0.16$ PF and TBARS was $0.6{\pm}0.05$ (${\times}100\;{\mu}M$) in the control and $0.28{\pm}0.02$ (${\times}100\;{\mu}M$) in 60% ethanol extracts. Inhibitory activities was the ACE of 75.50% and XOase 100% in 60% ethanol extracts. The 60% ethanol extracts from Salvia officinalis exhibited antimicrobial activities against Helicobacter pylori such as 13 mm of clear zone and inhibition rate of 63.4% with $200\;{\mu}g/ml$ of phenolics content. Rosemarinic acid was the most abundant phenolic compounds as analyzed by HPLC. The results suggest that the 60% ethanol extracts from Salvia officinalis L. will be useful as natural antioxidants and functional foods.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.27 no.2 s.66
• /
• pp.122-133
• /
• 2006

Objectives : The amyloid $\beta$-protein ($A\beta$) is the principal component of the senile plaques characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and elicits a toxic effect on neurons in vitro and in vivo. Many environmental factors including antioxidants and proteoglycans modify $A{\beta}toxicity$. In this study, we have investigated the protective effects of water- and organic solvent-extracts of Hemerocallis fulva root fractions pre-extracted with methanol on $A\beta$-induced oxidative cell death in cultured rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. Methods : For this study, we used MTT reduction assay for detection of protective effects of water- and organic solvent-extracts of Hemerocallis fulva root fractions pre-extracted with methanol on $A{\beta}_{25-35}$-induced cytotoxicity to PC12 cells. We also used cell-based $\beta$-secretase assay system to investigate the inhibitory effect of water- and organic solvent-extracts of Hemerocallis fulva root on $\beta$-secretase activity. Results : We previously reported that methanol extracts of Hemerocallis fulva root strongly attenuated cytotoxicity induced by the three $A\beta$ fragments ($A{\beta}_{25-35},\;A{\beta}_{1-42}\;A{\beta}_{1-43}$) to both SK-N-MC and PC12 cells. In the present study, we found that butanol-, ethylacetate-, chloroform-, and water-extracts of Hemerocallis fulva root fractions pre-extracted with methanol had strong protective effects against $A{\beta}_{25-35}$-induced cytotoxicity to PC12 cells and inhibitory potency to $\beta$-secretase activity. Conclusion : These results suggest that butanol-, ethylacetate-, chloroform-, and water-extracts of Hemerocallis fulva root fractions pre-extracted with methanol may contain the protective component(s) against $A\beta$-induced cell death in PC12 cells as well as inhibitory component(s) to $\beta$-secretase activity.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.45 no.2
• /
• pp.118-123
• /
• 2017

This study was conducted to determine the antioxidant activities of ethanol and water extracts of Sargassum hemiphyllum. Antioxidant activities were evaluated by assessing total phenolic contents, 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, chelating effect, reducing power, and using the rancimat method. Total phenolic contents in the ethanol and water extracts were 17.91 and 13.44 mg gallic acid equivalents/g, respectively. Ethanol extract showed higher DPPH radical scavenging activity than water extract and similar activity to that of BHT. The reducing power of ethanol and water extracts increased in a concentration-dependent manner. Particularly, ethanol extract was more effective than water extract. Water extract showed a higher chelating effect compared to ethanol extract. The antioxidant index measured by rancimat was lower than those in BHT, but the ethanol extract showed a higher value than the water extract. The ethanol extract showed higher antioxidant activity than the water extract, except for the chelating effect. These results suggest that the ethanol extract of Sargassum hemiphyllum has more potent antioxidant activity and may be used as a source of natural antioxidants.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.21 no.8
• /
• pp.36-43
• /
• 2020

The extracts of antioxidants, torreya nucifera and alphinia henryi, were tested for properties as a fragrance material and applied to a mask pack formulation to study the fragrance properties. The DPPH antioxidant test of hot water and ethanol extract confirmed that the ethanol extract had superior antioxidant efficacy compared to the hot water extract. It was confirmed that the optimal mixing ratio as a raw material for the mask pack of torreya nucifera and alphinia henryi was 3:7 as a result of the DPPH antioxidant test. As a result of the cytotoxicity test, the cell viability was good as it showed 103.30% at 0.5 ug/mL, 104.25% at 1 ug/mL, 102.56% at 5 ug/mL, and 99.17% at 10 ug/mL compared to the untreated group. As a result of the patch test on the mask pack formulation, the skin irritation index of 0.02 was judged as a non-irritation product in the skin irritation primary stimulation human application test. In the evaluation of skin moisturizing, it showed a significant increase rate of 19.178% compared to before the sample adaptation. Evaluation of the change over time in the sheet mask pack formulation confirmed the formulation stability without viscosity and pH change for 12 weeks at low temperature(4℃), room temperature(25℃), and high temperature(45℃).

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.212-218
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study is to determine the possibility of using Plantago asiatica as natural health food source. To accomplish this purpose. the contents of proximate and anti oxidative nutrients of P. asiatica were measured. The contents of carbohydrate. crude protein. crude fat and crude ash are 63.71%, 18.75%, 1.67% and 6.48%, respectively And the calories and total dietary fiber of P. asiatica was 466.71 Kcal. Total dietary fiber was 22.68%, respectively. The contents of essential and non-essential amino acids were 4.815.22 mg and 6.591.04 mg, respectively. The K was the largest mineral followed by P, Ca, Mg, and Na, which means P. asiatica is alkali material. The EDA of P. asiatica was 59.32~70.30%, and the activity was dependent on the sample concentration. Total phenolic content of P. asiatica was $79.65{\mu}g/g$, and total flavonoids content was $4.43{\mu}g/g$. The P. asiatica extract showed the highest reducing power (3.5) at a concentration of 25 mg/mL. Based on the above results, we deemed that the P. asiatica might have potential antioxidant activities. The general nutrients and other antioxidant bioactive materials in P. asiatica were also potential materials for good health food.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.107-116
• /
• 2010

We prepared extracts from Ulmus davidiana (root, Korean source; URK) and Ulmus davidiana (bark, Korean source; UBK). URK extracts obtained with all tested solvents showed the highest antioxidant effects on fish oils. Both treatments containing 0.1% (v/v) extract from URK and UBK each showed that peroxide values of 30 meq/kg were maintained for 6 h and levels of 40 meq/kg were apparent for up to 18 h, indicating that antioxidative activity seemed to sustain during all tested time periods. Compared with commercial antioxidants, butanol and methanol extracts diluted to 0.05% (v/v) had similar antioxidative effects. Water and butanol UBK extracts diluted to 0.1% (v/v) both showed the highest antioxidative activities. After addition of metal ions, methanol and butanol URK extracts diluted to 0.1% (v/v) showed enhanced antioxidative activity. UBK ethanol extracts displayed superior antioxidative activity and a constant peroxide value throughout storage. However, in the case of Perilla oil, $\alpha$-tocopherol which is known as a natural antioxidant did not show any antioxidative activity except in the BHT. Methanol and butanol URK extracts diluted to 0.2% (v/v) showed superior antioxidative activities throughout the experiment. A methanolic UBK extract (0.2%, v/v) also had a similarly increased antioxidative effect. In tests involving addition of metal ions to all extracts, the methanolic UBK extract (0.2%, v/v) showed excellent antioxidative activity. When lard was tested, antioxidant levels did not differ significantly among extracts prepared using four different solvents at either 0.05% or 0.1% concentrations (both v/v). Addition of metal ions at levels of 0.05% or 0.1% (w/v) to these extracts had no significant additive effect on oxidation.