• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.31-43
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• 1991

In considering the relationship between natural beauty and the human frame of mind, or the interconnections between the Landscape and the point of view, we are concerned primaily with the external factors. Historically, certain physical features tended to cause shifts in human attitudes toward landscapes; We concentrate on this phenomenon of changeful scenery rather than on what psychological factors caused certain landscapes to be regarded as remarkable or unique. In a similar fashion we must ask ourselves what the basic elements in landscape are and attempt to ascertain their visual and spatial characteristics before we attempt to desingn environments that are fundamentally, physical in character. Futhermore, the experience of meanings, a part of literatual association process, appeared through the intension of nature study looking for the best landscape phenomena out of simple naturelooking. Of course, as the variable degree of landscapes changes, the dualistic relationship between humans and objects shows the different experience of meanings as the time changes even in landscapes which possess variable factors in same season. The study is conducted by defining the nature of recognizing and appreciating the logical structure of the concept "Landscape" after analysis of meaning context appeared in 'Kyung' which is consists of time, space and elements in landscape.

• MALSORI
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• no.44
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• pp.1-14
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• 2002

Because the accuracy and the fluency are the essence in English speaking, both of them are very important in English trencher training and in-service English training programs. To get the accuracy and the fluency, the causes and the phenomena of the unnatural pronunciation have to be diagnosed. Consequently, the problematic and unnatural pronunciation of Korean elementary and secondary English teachers should be analyzed with using Acoustic Analyzing tools like CSL, Multi-speech and Praat. In addition, an attempt to Pinpoint what the causes of unnatural pronunciation was executed. Next a procedure and steps were proposed for in-service training programs that would cultivate the fluency and the accuracy. In case of elementary teachers, the unnatural pronunciation of segmental features and suprasegmental features were found much. therefore segmental features should be emphasized in the begging of pronunciation training courses and then suprasegmental features have to be emphasized. In case of secondary teachers, the unnatural pronunciation of suprasegmental features were found much. Therefore segmental and suprasegmental features have to be focused at the same time. In other words, features in word level should be focused first for elementary English teacher, and features in word level and beyond word level should be trained at the same time for secondary English teachers.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.655-665
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• 2014

An adequate understanding and response to natural hazards such as heat wave, heavy rainfall and severe drought is required. We apply extreme value theory to analyze these abnormal weather phenomena. It is common for extremes in climatic data to be nonstationary in space and time. In this paper, we analyze summer rainfall data in South Korea using exceedance values over thresholds estimated by quantile regression with location information and time as covariates. We group weather stations in South Korea into 5 clusters and t extreme value models to threshold exceedances for each cluster under the assumption of independence in space and time as well as estimates of uncertainty for spatial dependence as proposed in Northrop and Jonathan (2011).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2002.11b
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• pp.255-261
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• 2002

A four-degree of freedom model is suggested to understand the basic dynamical behaviors of the normal interaction between two masses of the friction induced normal vibration system. The two masses may be considered as the pad and the disk of the brake. The phase space analysis is performed to understand complicated in-plane dynamics of the non-linear model. Attractors in the phase space are examined for various conditions of the parameters. In certain conditions, the attractor becomes a limit cycle showing the stick-slip phenomena. In this paper, on the basis of the in-plane motion not only the existence of the limit cycle but also the size of the limit cycle is examined o demonstrate the non-linear dynamics that leads the unstable state and then the normal vibration is investigated as the state of the in-plane motion For only one case of the system frequency(two masses with same natural frequencies), the propensity of the normal vibration is discussed in detail. The results show an important fact that it may be not effective when too much damping is present in the only one part of the masses.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.93-98
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• 1985

Mass size distribution of atmospheric particulates were measured using an Andersen using an Andersen sampler in urban air. The atmospheric particulates were fractionated in eight stages of an Andersen sampler operating at 28.4$\ell/min$ and collected on polyester sheets. A quartz filter was placed behind the last stage collect permeated partculates. The size distribution of atmospheric particulates were divided around 1-2 $\mu$m into two groups, coarse and fine particulates regardless of sampling times. The variation of course particulates concentration was higher than fine particulates among sampling times. Different meterorological conditions and natural phenomena brought high variation of course particulates' concentration. The rain caused removal of coarse particulates seriously and the yellow and may take part in a increase of the course particulates in spring. The average concentration of atmospheric particulates to be collected by Andersen sampler was 170.8 $\mug/m^3$ during 3 times of sampling. Among them the average concentration of atmospheric particulates which could penetrated under a bronchi and alveoli were 70.4$\mug/m^3$ and 36.6$\mug/m^3$ respectively.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.419-425
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• 2000

Rating curve method and SWMM (Storm Water Management Model) were applied to estimate pollutant loading from Hwa-Ong watershed in Kyunggi-Do. Rating curves were derived from sampling sites and applied to the whole watershed. SWMM version 4.4 was calibrated by field data of sampling sites and applied to the whole watershed. The pollutant loading estimated by rating curve was slightly higher than the one by SWMM, but the difference was not significant considering diffuse pollution characteristics of wide variation. Land use effect of the subcatchments could not be incorporated logically in rating curve method and difficulty in extrapolation was experienced, therefore, the estimate by rating curve method was thought to be less confident. SWMM was satisfactory in estimation of pollution loading, and its great flexibility worked well to describe complex nonurban land uses. Neither of them could exactly describe complex natural phenomena, but SWMM was preferred in this study due to its flexibility and logical hydrologic processes including land use effects. Use of reasonable watershed model rather than rating curve method for watershed pollutant loading estimate can be more practical and is recommended.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.268-277
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• 2019

Severe damages will result in human society, when several different critical natural phenomena coincide. One example relates to the resting cysts of Alexandrium species (dinoflagellates that cause paralytic shellfish poisoning), which are preserved in surface sediments throughout Osaka Bay, Japan. These cysts have been found to accumulate particularly densely in shallow areas in the inner parts of Osaka Bay, where a tsunami caused by an earthquake could occur any time. Damage by a tsunami could cause a change of the coastal ecosystems at Osaka Bay including the resuspension of surface sediments containing resting Alexandrium tamarense cysts and the subsequent redistribution of the cysts in newly deposited sediment. Under certain environmental conditions, these cysts could germinate and form dense blooms, leading to paralytic shellfish poisoning. Such a scenario could also affect other coastal areas, including the southern coast of the Korean Peninsula.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2007

The most important issue of today in design genre is the comprehensive design that overcomes the limitations of the rational and logical designs of functionalism that has had influences in entire 20th century and encompasses even the emotional aspect of humans. The emotional design factors in furniture designs will be analyzed in order to analyze their effects and values on the consumers of present times. The emotional uses of the patterns with the motive of nature expressing papers, flowers, wood textures, natural phenomena etc as they are and the colors with the vivid feeling of primary colors represent more dynamic and cheerful life style and the designs are characterized by the warm primary colors that give the feeling that the nature has been transferred to the designs as it is. Diverse materials such as leather, fur, fabric and the materials with soft and flexible feeling such as silicone material have been used more widely and they are used as the materials expressing freedom not being formalized. The designs that can produce diverse spaces desired by users by gathering unit modules can be said to be the outcome of the emotional designs combined with the needs of modern peoples that aspire their own designs.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.1329-1336
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• 2010

Cellular Automata is a discrete dynamical system which natural phenomena may be specified completely in terms of local relation, can increase and decrease the difference of luminance locally according to transition rule by keeping the characteristic of target image. In this paper, we propose a noise reduction method by keeping the characteristic using transition rule of Cellular Automata, also we propose methods of effective transition rule, the selection of parameters, the selection of number of neighborhood pixels. For uniform distribution noise, Gaussian noise, impulse noise, we do an experiment on adaptive state using different mathematical operations and compare its results. It was confirmed that the proposed transition rule is based on fast convergence speed and has stabile results.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.408-414
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• 2015

Moyamoya-like vasculopathy develops in association with various systemic diseases and conditions, which is termed moyamoya syndrome. Relatively common diseases and conditions are related to moyamoya syndrome, including neurofibromatosis type 1, Down syndrome, thyroid disease, and cranial irradiation. Moyamoya syndrome shares phenotypical characteristics with idiopathic moyamoya disease. However, they differ in other details, including clinical presentations, natural history, and treatment considerations. The study of moyamoya syndrome can provide clinicians and researchers with valuable knowledge and insight. Although it is infrequently encountered in clinical practice, moyamoya-like vasculopathy can severely complicate outcomes for patients with various underlying diseases when the clinician fails to expect or diagnose moyamoya syndrome development. Furthermore, moyamoya syndrome could be used as a doorway to more enigmatic moyamoya disease in research. More comprehensive survey and investigation are required to uncover the secrets of all the moyamoya-like phenomena.