• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2012

Purpose: To investigate the effects of anterior guidance (AG) change on the working (WCP) and non-working condylar paths (NWCP), and lower incisor path (LIP) using a splint with flat (FAG) or steep AG (SAG). Materials and Methods: The samples consisted of six young adult women (mean age=$23.5{\pm}3.3$ years). Inclusion criteria were skeletal Class I and normodivergent pattern, normal overbite/overjet, minimal slide from retruded cuspal position to intercuspal position, no temporomandibular disorder signs and symptoms, mutually protected occlusion, and minimal tooth wear. After the values of natural AG (NAG) were obtained as a reference for each patient, two types of splints ($15^{\circ}$ flatter and steeper than NAG) were made. After insertion of the splints with FAG or SAG, the WCP, NWCP, and LIP were recorded five times for each patient using an ultrasonic AQR (SAM, Munich, Germany) and statistical analysis was subsequently performed. Result: NAG exhibited postero-superior movement in the WCP and did not show a noticeable immediate side shift (ISS) or difference between the eccentric (EP) and returning paths (RP) in the NWCP. FAG was associated with an irregular and excessive WCP, an increase in ISS, and a difference between EP and RP in the NWCP. SAG showed minimal WCP movement and a decrease in the extent of difference between EP and RP in the NWCP. LIP showed significant differences in EP and in RP (P<0.001, all; FAG

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.21 no.5_3
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• pp.589-602
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• 1998

Mt. Nam (265m), a city park of Seoul, was originally covered with a typical deciduous broad-leaved forests in Central Korea. However, the park forests have been changed the development for various purpose such as the construction of castle wall, road way, broadcasting station, theater, hotel and apartments, in addition, to thoughtless plantation or alien plant introduction. Human population growth from ca. 100 thousands persons less in that time established Seoul as the capital of choseon dynasty in 1394 to ten millions over persons at present, accelerated the vegetational changes of the park. mt. Nam boundary in those days of sunjong (1908) also was much shrinked as much the range of 300 m distance in the northern most to 700 or 800m distance in some places. The actual vegetation of Mt. Nam largely can be classified by floristic composition into two plant communities of Quercus mongolica community and Pinus densiflora community, four plantations of Pinus rigida, Robinia pseudo-acacia, Populus tomentiglandulosa and other tree species, and on mixed forest with native and alien tree species in secondary succession stage (Yim et al. 1987). The restoration movement of Mt. Nam toward to the natural condition of forest or biodiversity is moving now. However, in the movement there are some problems such as the lack of ecological consideration and the undesirable decision of priority in the practice. A warning should be given, especially, on the undesirable plantation of non-native tree species restricting the forest succession, as in the case of southern slope of Mt. Nam. First of all, the most importance in Mt. Nam management is that the restoration for natural forest and biodiversity should be carried on the basis of integrated ecological principles based on the site evaluation.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.435-446
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• 1998

It is suggested that Urechis unicinctus is a filler feeder as like many tide and watery invertebrates which filtrate food materials by ciliary movement. However, the structure of the filter is not yet known in U. unicinctus, nor the filtering mechanism is not well understood. This study reveals ciliated epithelial cells in the foregut and the features of the cilia are good accord with that of known filtrating apparatus of other tide animals. This may implies that the foregut is in function of filtration and the food materials are filtrated by the ciliary movement. With the observation of the filtrating apparatus in the foregut, the intestine of U. unicinctus can be functionally compartmented into 3 parts. These are already known midgut and hindgut in function of digestion and respiration respectively, and the foregut in function of filtrating apparatus for foods. The filtrating apparatus of U. unicinctus is composed of the pseudostratified columnar epithelial cells with numerous cilia. The cilia are well differentiated kinocilia with the typical microtubule pattern, kinetosome and cilia roots. There are two kinds of striated cilia roots, the main root and the accessory root. The main root is extended perpendicularly from the cell surface to basement membrane and the short accessory root is branched with an acute angle of about $80^{\circ}$ from the main root at level of basal plate of the kinetosome. The spacial approaches of the main root with the large fused form of mitochondria is one of the characteristic features which might be in structural consideration an intimate association between energy source and energy mass consuming cell organelles.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.401-407
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• 2018

PURPOSE. When performing an occlusal procedure, it is recommended that the patient should be sitting straight with the head in a natural position. An inappropriate mandibular position caused by an incorrect occlusal record registration or occlusal adjustment can result in damaged teeth and cause functional disorders in muscles and temporomandibular joints. The purpose of this study was to clarify the influence of horizontal cephalic rotation on mandibular position by investigating the three-dimensional positions of condylar and incisal points. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A three-dimensional jaw movement measurement device with six degrees of freedom (the WinJaw System) was used to measure condylar and incisal points. The subjects were asked to sit straight with the head in a natural position. The subjects were then instructed to rotate their head horizontally $0^{\circ}$, $10^{\circ}$, $20^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, $40^{\circ}$, $50^{\circ}$and $60^{\circ}$ in the right or left direction. RESULTS. The results indicated that horizontal cephalic rotation made the condyle on the rotating side shift forward, downward, and toward the inside, and the condyle on the counter rotating side shift backward, upward, and toward the outside. Significant differences in deviations were found for angles of rotation higher than $20^{\circ}$. The incisal point shifted in the forward and counterrotating directions, and significant differences were found for angles of rotation higher than $20^{\circ}$. CONCLUSION. The mandibular position was altered by horizontal cephalic rotations of more than $20^{\circ}$. It is essential to consider the possibility of deviation of the mandibular position during occlusal procedures.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.147-154
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• 2014

The cable damages of the bridge structures induce very important impact on the structural safety, which implies the close monitoring of the cable damage is required to secure sustained safety of the bridges. Most usual available maintenance techniques are based on the monitoring the change of the natural frequency of the structures by damages. However, existing method are based on vibration method to calculate lateral vibration and system identification can calculate the axial stiffness using sensitivity equation by trial error method. But the frequency study by the longitudinal movement need because of the sag effect in system identification. This study proposes a new method to investigate the damage magnitudes and status. The method improves the accuracies in the magnitudes and status of damages by adopting the natural frequency of longitudinal movement. The study results have been validated by comparing them with the approximate solution of FEM. Thus, the relationship of cable damage and frequency appear with relation that the severe damage has the little frequency. If we know the real frequency we can estimate the cable damage severity using this relationship. This method can be possible the efficient management of the cable damage.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.601-607
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• 2012

Objective: The aim of this study is to classify between intentional and natural blinks in vision based eye tracking system. Through implementing the classification method, we expect that the great eye tracking method will be designed which will perform well both navigation and selection interactions. Background: Currently, eye tracking is widely used in order to increase immersion and interest of user by supporting natural user interface. Even though conventional eye tracking system is well focused on navigation interaction by tracking pupil movement, there is no breakthrough selection interaction method. Method: To determine classification threshold between intentional and natural blinks, we performed experiment by capturing eye images including intentional and natural blinks from 12 subjects. By analyzing successive eye images, two features such as eye closed duration and pupil size variation after eye open were collected. Then, the classification threshold was determined by performing SVM(Support Vector Machine) training. Results: Experimental results showed that the average detection accuracy of intentional blinks was 97.4% in wearable eye tracking system environments. Also, the detecting accuracy in non-wearable camera environment was 92.9% on the basis of the above used SVM classifier. Conclusion: By combining two features using SVM, we could implement the accurate selection interaction method in vision based eye tracking system. Application: The results of this research might help to improve efficiency and usability of vision based eye tracking method by supporting reliable selection interaction scheme.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.307-319
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• 2014

Four chickpea cultivars viz. kabuli (Pusa 1088 and Pusa 1053) and desi (Pusa 1103 and Pusa 547) differing in sensitivity to high temperature conditions were analyzed in earthern pot (30 cm) at different stages of growth and development in the year of 2010 and 2011. Pusa-1053 (kabuli type) showed maximum photosynthetic rate and least by Pusa-547 (desi type), whereas maximum cell membrane thermostability were recorded in Pusa-1103 and minimum in Pusa-1088. Among the treatments, the plants grown under elevated temperature conditions had produced 13.01% more significant data in comparison to plants grown under continuous natural conditions. Stomatal conductance were reduced 44.25% under elevated temperature conditions than natural conditions, whereas 35.56%, when plants grown under initially natural conditions upto 30DAS, then 30-60DAS elevated temperature and finally shifted to natural conditions till harvest. In case of Pusa-1103, stomatal conductance was maximum as compared to rest of 2.7% from Pusa-1053, 8.9% from Pusa-1088, and 10.3% in Pusa-547 throughout the study. Plants grown under continuous elevated temperature conditions had produced 15.30% and 15.32% more significant membrane thermostability index in comparison to continuous natural conditions at vegetative stage and 19.40% and 18.44% at flowering stage, while the better response was recorded at pod formation stage. Pusa-1053 had given 2.8% more membrane thermostability index than Pusa-1088 and Pusa-1103 had given 1.6% more membrane thermostability index than Pusa-547 in the present study. The membrane disruption caused by high temperature may alter water ion and inorganic solutes movement, photosynthesis and respiration. Thus, thermostability of the cell membrane depends on the degree of the electrolyte leakage.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.103-110
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• 2012

With a theoretical focus on the emotional experiences created via the interface, and the relationship between human beings and space, this study aims to corroborate and clarify the formation and verification of emotional interactions between human beings and space using body movements. It follows the method of Coining "Movement Phrases" through the analysis of body movements in the experimental space, thereby developing them into a complete scenario to produce the story of emotional expression. This study has hereby generated the following outcomes: First, the "pocket-type" exhibition displays a higher frequency of body movements than the "general" exhibition. It has close connections with emotional vocabularies: "Curious," "interesting," "warm," and "fun." The "general" exhibition records a relatively high frequency of emotional vocabularies like "natural," "efficient," and "free." Second, it is possible to analyze the story of space using a scenario, just like drama, based upon attributes and serial relationships. The "exposition" section reveals a high degree of "curiosity" and a large number of body movements, while the "development" section indicates high degree of "surprise" plus slight body movements. The "transition" sections manifest high "interest" and many body movements, and the "climax" section shows a high frequency of "surprise" and many changes in body movements. The "conclusion" section finally invokes images together with body movements.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.263-269
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• 2016

Rhynchophylline (RP) is a major tetracyclic oxindole alkaloid of Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus which has been used to treat hypertension, seizures, pain and anxiety in the oriental countries. A recent report revealed that RP attenuated ischemia-induced neuronal damage and kainite-induced convulsions in animals. This study was performed to investigate whether RP enhances pentobarbital-induced sleep behaviors and modulates sleep architecture in mice. Locomotor activity was significantly inhibited by RP at 0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg, similar to 2 mg/kg diazepam (a benzodiazepine agonist) in mice. RP shortened sleep latency and increased total sleep time in a dose-dependent manner when administrated with pentobarbital (42 mg/kg, i.p.). RP also increased the number of sleeping mice and total sleep time by concomitant administration with the sub-hypnotic dosage of pentobarbital (28 mg/kg, i.p.). On the other hand, RP (0.25 mg/kg, p.o.) itself significantly inhibited sleep-wake cycles, prolonged total sleep time, and rapid eye movement in rats. In addition, RP also increased chloride influx in the primary cultured hypothalamic neuronal cells. In addition, we found that glutamic acid decarboxylase ($GAD_{65/67}$) was activated by RP. In conclusion, RP augments pentobarbital-induced sleeping behaviors, and can be a candidate for treating insomnia.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.113-115
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• 2005

This thesis presents a method for 3D modeling of facial expression from frontal and mirror-reflected multi-image. Since the proposed system uses only one camera, two mirrors, and simple mirror's property, it is robust, accurate and inexpensive. In addition, we can avoid the problem of synchronization between data among different cameras. Mirrors located near one's cheeks can reflect the side views of markers on one's face. To optimize our system, we must select feature points of face intimately associated with human's emotions. Therefore we refer to the FDP (Facial Definition Parameters) and FAP (Facial Animation Parameters) defined by MPEG-4 SNHC (Synlhetic/Natural Hybrid Coding). We put colorful dot markers on selected feature points of face to detect movement of facial deformation when subject makes variety expressions. Before computing the 3D coordinates of extracted facial feature points, we properly grouped these points according to relative part. This makes our matching process automatically. We experiment on about twenty koreans the subject of our experiment in their late twenties and early thirties. Finally, we verify the performance of the proposed method tv simulating an animation of 3D facial expression.