• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.411-426
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• 2005

이갈이나 이악물기 시 근활성, 하악의 이동, 악관절에 가해지는 부하, 그리고 교합에 미치는 영향 등에 대한 연구는 많았으나 하악운동에 미치는 영향에 대해서는 연구가 적었다. 따라서 측두하악장애의 주요한 기여요인으로 간주되는 이악물기나 강한 씹기에 의해 나타나는 하악의 미세한 운동양태에 대해서는 더 많은 연구가 수행될 필요가 있으며, 이에 본 연구에서는 하악의 비틀림 회전운동을 중심으로 이악물기 및 강한 씹기의 영향을 조사하였다. 저작계 이상이 없는 건강한 남자 14명을 선정하여 교합고경 및 형태의 변화와 수의적 이악물기 수준의 차이가 이악물기 및 씹기 운동 시 나타나는 하악의 비틀림 회전운동(torque rotational movement)에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 각 교합조건과 이악물기 힘에서의 씹기 운동은 먼저 나무젓가락(분리기)이 없는 한 번의 이악물기와 나무젓가락을 구치부에 위치시킨 상태에서 두 번에 걸친 씹는 운동 등 세 번의 하악운동으로 구성되었다. 본 연구의 결론은 다음과 같다. 1. 좌측으로 씹을 때와 우측으로 씹을 때 간에 전두면 및 시상면상 운동거리는 두 가지 이악물기 힘 모두에서 차이가 없었으나 하악의 운동속도는 다른 양상을 보여 강한 이악물기에서는 차이가 없었으나 약한 이악물기에서는 좌측으로 씹을 때 우측에 비해 속도가 다소 빠른 경향을 보였다. 이때 하악의 비틀림 회전운동각은 두 가지 이악물기 모두에서 전두면상 차이는 거의 없었으나 수평면상 각도에서는 씹는 측에 따라 차이가 있는 경향을 보였다. 2. 이악물기 힘의 차이는 전두면 및 시상면상 운동거리와 속도에 영향을 미쳐 강한 씹기에서 약한 씹기에 비해 측정치가 크게 나타났으며 하악의 비틀림 회전운동각 역시 강한 씹기에서 수평면상 운동각이 다소 증가된 양상을 보였다. 3. 전두면 및 시상면상 개구거리는 교합조건에 따른 차이를 보였는데, 즉 웨이퍼나 레진블록 등 교합고경이 높은 교합형태일수록 운동거리가 감소하였으며, 이때 강한 씹기에서는 운동속도 역시 유사한 양상으로 감소하였다. 그러나 하악의 비틀림 회전운동각은 전두면 및 수평면 모두에서 교합조건에 따른 차이를 거의 나타내지 않았다. 4. 세 번의 씹는 운동에서 분리기가 없는 경우에 비해 있는 경우에서 대체로 전두면상 회전운동각을 제외한 나머지 하악의 비틀림 회전운동량은 모두 증가하는 양상을 보였다. 그러나 이때 각 교합형태 간 동일항목의 비교에서는 전두면상 회전운동거리가 이악물기 힘에 따른 차이를 보여 약한 이악물기에서 유의한 변화를 나타내었다. 이상의 연구를 통해 하악 비틀림 회전운동의 전체적인 양상은 관찰면에 따라 다르게 나타나 이악물기 힘에 따른 차이는 전두면에 비해 수평면상 측정치가 더 많이 변화되는 모습을 보였으나 교합조건에 따른 양상은 관찰면 간 차이를 보이지 않았다. 한편 이악물기 및 씹는 운동 각각에서의 하악 비틀림 회전운동량은 교합조건이나 이악물기 힘에 관계없이 대체로 분리기 씹기에 의해 수평면상 회전운동량의 변화가 전두면상 측정치에 비해 더 유의하게 나타났다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.62-69
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 어린이집 화재 시 열 및 연기의 거동 특성을 파악하기 위하여 재개발 예정지의 어린이집에서 실험이 실시되었다. 실험대상 어린이집은 2층 구조로 되어있으며, 각 층의 연면적은 252 $m^2$이다. 가연물로는 헵탄 36리터를 사용하였다. 한 변의 길이가 0.8 m인 정사각형 화원을 사용하였으며, 정상상태에서 최대 열방출율은 약 1.7MW이다. 실험동안 연기의 이동 및 온도 변화를 측정하였다. 1층 복도에서, 화재 발생 1분 후 연기가 1.4 m 높이까지 하강하였으며, 화재 발생 약 4분 후 복도 전체가 연기로 가득 찼다. 2층 대부분의 영역에서 온도가 $70^{\circ}C$ 이하로 유지되었으나 실내가 연기로 가득 찼다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.98-104
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of repeated passive movement (RPM) of different velocities on the improvement of knee joint position sense (JPS) in post-stroke patients with hemiplegia, thereby investigate the possibility of clinical application in the initial stage of rehabilitation for patients with post-stroke hemiplegia. Thirteen hemiplegic patients participated in this study. For the subjects' knee JPS tests, a passive angle reproduction test and an active angle reproduction test were performed prior to and after the intervention, which involved 30 repetitions of passive full-range-of-motion flexion and extension exercise of the knee joints at randomized degrees of $0^{\circ}/s$, $45^{\circ}/s$, and $90^{\circ}/s$. Paired t-test analysis was done in order to compare changes in the pre- and post-intervention knee JPS. One-way repeated analysis of variance was used in order to compare changes in JPS after intervention at three different movement velocities. The level of significance was set at .05. The result was that the subjects' post-intervention knee JPS significantly improved after the RPM exercise at a $45^{\circ}/s$ and a $90^{\circ}/s$ relative to the RPM exercise $0^{\circ}/s$ (p<.05). JPS changes with RPM intervention at the rapid velocity of $90^{\circ}/s$ were most increased, suggesting the most effective enhancement in knee JPS is with intervention at the velocity (p<.05). Therefore, RPM intervention at a half or higher velocity improved stroke patients' knee JPS. During the initial stage of rehabilitation for patients with post-stroke hemiplegia, the efficient application of the RPM exercise at a half or higher velocity will be possible.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.269-279
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• 2011

This study was analyzed the characteristics on the stability of posture while conducting a through two and half rotation technic of pench$\acute{e}$ in rhythmic gymnastics. Two rhythmical gymnastics player(LKH and SSJ) who is a member of the national team were selected, and for obtain the kinematic and kinetic variables were used a ProReflex MCU 240 infrared camera(Qualisys, Sweden) and a Type9286A force platform(Kistler, Switzerland). The mechanical factors were computed by using Visual3D program and Matlab R2009a. During the landing and rotation phase the results showed following characteristics; 1) In medial-lateral and horizontal displacement of the support foot, LKH showed smaller movement than SSJ, but SSJ showed smaller movement than LKH in swing foot. LKH showed bigger movement in medial-lateral axis of COP and vertical axis of COG, but SSJ showed bigger movement in horizontal axis of COP and medial-lateral axis of COG. 2) SSJ showed bigger maximum horizontal and vertical velocity at P1 and P2 than LKH. 3) In the inclination angle of COP and COG, SSJ showed smaller change than LKH, but within medial-lateral tilt of the shoulder, LKH performed rotation motion in horizontal position than SSJ. There was no differences in each force components during rotation, but on landing phase, the results showed a characteristic that SSJ exerted bigger breaking force and vertical force than LKH.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.55-65
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• 1996

This study was performed to investigate the effects of head posture and occlusal splint on the vertical dimension in mandibular rest position and swallowing. Thirty health dental students ware selected lot this study and BioEGNⓡ(Bioresearch Inc., USA) was used for measuring interocclusal distance during rest - swallowing - rest - tapping movement. This swallowing movements were observed in both normal head posture(NHP) and forward head posture (FHP). Thickness of occlusal splint was about 2mm at posterior molar area and even tooth contact were achieved on light biting. The four mandibular positions at which interocclusal distance measured were swallowing position, after swallowing position in which interocclusal distance was maximum, rest position follows swallowing, and tapping position after rest. Changes of distance in each position were measured for three mandibular planes, that is, sagittal, frontal, and horizontal plane, respectively. The results obtained were as follows : 1. In normal head posture, the mandible was raised 1.03mm without splint, and 0.77mm with splint on swallowing, and there was no significant difference between the two. In horizontal plane, however, mandible was displaced more anteriorly in both swallowing position and tapping position with splint. 2. In forward head posture, the mandible was less raised with splint on swallowing, but features in horizontal plane were almost same as those in normal head posture. 3. In natural dentition, significant difference between NHP and FHP were observed in horizontal plane trajectory for swallowing and tapping position. But the difference for same positions were observed in frontal trajectory with splint. 4. Total amount of mandibular movement of two groups classified with sagittal interocclusal distance of swallowing position generally showed significant difference between the higher and the lower height group in head posture without splint. 5. Correlationship among total amount of mandibular movement for three mandibular planes were observed between sagittal plane and horizontal plane, and between sagittal plane and frontal plane in head posture without splint.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.213-221
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• 2009

Longanae Arillus (the rind of fruits of Dimocarpus longan) has been consumed for the treatment of insomnia and anxiety in Asia. To provide further scientific basis to traditional uses of this fruit on insomnia, we evaluated the effects of methanol extract of Longanae Arillus (MELA) on the alteration of sleep architecture and electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectra in acutely and chronically restraint-stressed rats. Following postsurgical recovery, Polygraphic signs of sleep-wake activities were recorded for 24 h after MELA administration in rats. Rats in the acute stress and chronic stress were administered with MELA for 10 days. On the $8^{th},\;9^{th}\;and\;10^{th}$ day of MELA administration, the rats were stressed for 3 h once per day. On the $10^{th}$ day and 1 h after MELA administration, the rats were stressed once for 22 h in the chronic stress group. Acute and chronic stress induced alternations in cortex EEG recordings during non-rapid eye movement (NREM), rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and wakefulness. MELA shortened the total and REM sleep and increased the wakefulness in night time recording without changing daytime recordings. Chronic stress increased wakefulness and REM sleep, decreased total and NREM sleep in the daytime recording, and increased REM and decreased NREM sleep without changing total sleep and wakefulness in night time recording. These findings suggest that MELA ameliorated the alterations in REM and NREM sleep of acutely and chronically stressed rats via modulation of cortical ${\alpha}-$, ${\theta}-$ and ${\delta}-$ wave activity.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.25-29
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze quantitative and qualitative differences according to shoe type for the grand jete landing in ballet. The subjects for this study were 9 female ballet majors with an average of 12 years of experience. Subjects jumped, performing a front split, and landed on 1 foot, a movement called the grand jete. Analysis was performed on the students' landing. Independent variables were 3 shoe types: split sole, traditional out sole, and 5-toed forefoot shoes, with bare feet as a control group. Dependent variables were vertical passive ground reaction force and qualitative elements. Passive ground reaction force variables(maximum passive peak value, number of passive peaks, passive force-time integral, and center of pressure) were measured by the Kistler 9281B Force Platform. Qualitative elements were comfort, cushioning, pain, and fit. Statistical analysis included both 1-way ANOVA and Tukey's test for follow-up. Finalized data demonstrated that the 5-toed forefoot shoe allows the forefoot to expand and the toes to individually press down upon landing, increasing foot contact with the surface. Five-toed forefoot shoes minimize passive peaks and pain, while increasing comfort, cushioning, and fit. Most ballet movements are composed of jumping, balancing, landing, and spinning. Wearing 5-toed forefoot shoes allows for a natural range of movement in each toe, to improve both technique and balance. Pain and injuries from ballet can be minimized by wearing the correct shoe type. According to this analysis, it is possible to customized ballet shoes to increase the efficiency of techniques and movements.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.2313-2326
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• 2018

The method of operating a game could determine the psychological distance between the player and the game character, and thus, in the Virtual Reality, players' control methodologies are important to enhance their immersion. This study has the objective of examining the difference in games according to the method of operation based on the player's movements. This study researched the effect of the method of operating movement conforming to the movement of the character and the physical operation of the body on forming game experiences for the player. The result of performing an experiment increased reality for the game player through a controller in the shape of the actual control, to increase focus in the game. As so, game play through movements, including actual movements by the player displayed to enhance game satisfaction. In the part of media remediation field, Game can be defined as media which has their own unique hypermediacy. Especially, in the motion based game, players' movement mediates players and the game, therefore, players' movement could make players' experience augmented or immediate in accordance with the characteristics of movements. Even though sports and dances genres of motion-based games are common, RPG or adventure genres are rare. It can be explained that the characteristics of the action have been explained in the immediacy. In a game of fantasy, which is difficult to experience in real-life situations, the nature of the player's motion can increase the immersion of the game, which can contribute to utilization of players' motion and experience design in the various genres and suggestion of grounds theory. In addition, through this study, it is able to design motion-based games of various genres.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2018년도 학술발표회
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• pp.149-149
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• 2018

Prediction on initial motion of sediment is crucial to evaluate sediment transport and channel stability. The condition of incipient movement of sediment is characterized by bed shear stress, which is generated from force of moving water against the bed of the channel, and by critical shear stress, which depends on force resisting motion of sediment due to the submerged weight of the grains. When the bed shear stress exceeds the critical shear stress, sediment particles begin rolling and sliding at isolated and random locations. In Mountain River, debris flow frequently occurs due to heavy rainfall and can lead some natural stones from mountain slope into the bed river. This phenomenon could add additional forces to sediment transport system in the bed of river and also affect or change direction and magnitude of sediment movement. In this paper, evaluations on incipient motion of uniform coarse gravel under falling spheres impacts using small scale flume channel were conducted. The drag force of falling spheres due to water flow and length movement of falling spheres were investigated. The experiments were carried out in flume channel made by glass wall and steel floor with 12 m long, 0.6 m wide, and 0.6 m deep. The bed slopes were selected with the range from 0.7% to 1.5%. The thickness of granular layer was at least 3 times of diameter of granular particle to meet grain placement condition. The sphere diameters were chosen to be 4cm, 6 cm, 8 cm, 10 cm. The spheres were fallen in to the bed channel for critical condition and under critical condition of motion particle. Based on the experimental results, the Shields curve of particles Reynold number and dimensionless critical shear stress were plotted. The relationship between with drag force and the length movement of spheres were plotted. The pathways of the bed material Under the impact of spheres falling were analyzed.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.87-97
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• 2000

This study was performed to investigate the effects of repetitive mandibular opening movement and change of head posture on the vibration of temporomandibular(TM) joint. For this study, 23 patients with internal derangement of TM joint were selected. All they had clinically noticeable TM joint sound. Observation of the joint vibration were performed in four head postures, namely, natural head posture (NHP), forward head posture(FHP), upward head posture(UHP), and downward head posture(DHP). For recording of joint sound vibration, Sonopak of Biopak system(Bioresearch Inc., Milwaukee, USA) was used, The author could take results related to integral higher than 300Hz, integral lower than 300Hz, ratio of integral higher than 300Hz to integral lower than 300Hz, total integral which was sum of higher and lower integral, peak amplitude, and peak frequency in each opening movement, which was carried out three times in each head posture. Integral means amount of vibration. The data obtained were analysed by SPSS windows program and the results of this study were as follows : 1. In NHP, total integral in right TM joint was 5O.3Hz in the first opening, 67.9Hz in the second opening, and 74.0Hz in the third opening movement, bur there was no significant increase of total integral with repetitive opening movement. This finding was similar in left TM joint. Integral lower than 300Hz were higher than integral higher than 300Hz in almost every opening movement. 2. There was no significant difference of total integral between right and left side of TM joint, but there was a tendency of higher total integral in right TM joint than that in left TM joint except for results in DHP. 3. Peak amplitude in NHP ranged from 2.0 to 4.7, and peak frequency in NHP were 101.4-170.0Hz. And there was no consistent findings related to increase or decrease of these value according to repetitive opening in each head posture. 4. Change of head posture did not result any difference in integral, peak amplitude, and peak frequency. In conclusion, change of head posture and repetitive mandibular opening movement did not make any significant effect on the vibration of temporo-mandibular joint, especially, on total integral, peak amplitude, and peak frequency.