• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제85권1호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2023

This paper begins by analyzing cable vibrations due to external excitations and their effects on the overall dynamic behavior of cable-stayed bridges. It is concluded that if the natural frequency of a cable approaches any natural frequency of the bridge, the cable loses its rigidity and functionality. The results of this analysis explain the phenomenon that occurred on the Dubrovnik Bridge in Croatia during a storm and measures for its retrofit. A field test was conducted before the bridge was opened to traffic. It was concluded: "The Bridge excited unpleasant transverse superstructure vibration with the frequency of approximately 0.470 Hz. Hence, it seems possible that a pair of stays vibrating in phase may excite deck vibrations". Soon after this Bridge opened, a storm dumped heavy damp snow in the area, causing the six longest cable stay pairs of the main span to undergo large-amplitude vibrations, and the superstructure underwent considerable displacements in combined torsion-sway and bending modes. This necessitated rehabilitation measures for the Bridge including devices to suppress the large-amplitude vibrations of cables. The rehabilitation and monitoring of the Bridge are also presented here.

• 전산구조공학
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.291-302
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• 1997

이 논문은 압축성 유체로 채워진 원통형 탱크의 고유진동 특성을 파악하기 위한 해석적 방법을 제시하고 있다. 탱크의 동적거동은 유한 Fourier 급수전개 방법으로 전개하였으며, 압축성 유체는 선형 포텐셜 이론으로 전개하였다. 해석방법의 타당성을 검증하기 위하여 물로 채워진 양단고정의 경계조건을 갖는 원통형 탱크의 고유진동수를 해석적 방법으로 구한 다음, 상용 유한요소해석 프로그램인 ANSYS 5.2를 이용하여 검증하였다. 그 결과, 유한요소해석결과와 이론적인 방법으로 구한 이론해가 잘 일치하고 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 유체의 밀도와 압축성이 탱크의 고유진동수에 미치는 영향을 정규화된 무차원 고유진동수를 통해서 평가하였다. 유체의 밀도는 탱크의 모든 진동 모드의 고유진동수에 영향을 주지만, 유체 압축성의 영향은 저차 원주방향 모드의 진동수에서 더 크게 나타나고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한조선학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.11-16
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• 1980

For vibration analysis of stiffened plates the orthotropic plate analogy is commonly accepted. As to stiffened plates in contact with water, however, there is still much uncertainty in estimation of the added mass because of the lack of direct methods. The authors, considering that for added mass of plates there are many reliable data derived theoretically or experimentally available, suggest a method to estimate the added mass of a stiffened plate by combining the mass increase factor, $\beta$, of an equivalent orthotropic plate and the correction factor, $\kappa$, for the effects of stiffeners. The latter is to be derived from systematic experimental investigations. Then, the natural frequency in water, f', can be calculated from that in air, f, by the equation $f'=f/\sqrt{1+\kappa\beta}$. To investigate practical applicability of this method, a systematic experiment was carried out with five uniaxially stiffened plates. Each of them had a plate of same size, $600mm{\times}600mm{\times}3.2mm$, but stiffeners of different size in the web-depth, 41.6mm, 51.2mm or 66.8mm and of different spacing 75mm, 100mm, or 150mm. Natural frequencies were measured under simply supported-edge conditions in both air and water, and corresponding $\kappa$ values derived. In spite of wide variations of web-depth and spcae of stiffeners, the experimental results show that the diversity of $\kappa$ values is not remarkable; mean values of $\kappa$ are 1.31 with standard deviation of 0.025 for the first modes and 1.27 with that 0.077 for the second modes. Hence, the authors concluded that the above $\kappa$ values can be used generally for the cases of uniaxially stiffened plates both sides of which contact with water, and that $\kappa$ values of general use for the cases of cross-stiffened plates may also be obtainable from similar experiments.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.481-500
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• 2007

The dynamic instability of doubly curved panels, subjected to non-uniform tensile in-plane harmonic edge loading $P(t)=P_s+P_d\;{\cos}{\Omega}t$ is investigated. The present work deals with the problem of the occurrence of combination resonances in contrast to simple resonances in parametrically excited doubly curved panels. Analytical expressions for the instability regions are obtained at ${\Omega}={\omega}_m+{\omega}_n$, (${\Omega}$ is the excitation frequency and ${\omega}_m$ and ${\omega}_n$ are the natural frequencies of the system) by using the method of multiple scales. It is shown that, besides the principal instability region at ${\Omega}=2{\omega}_1$, where ${\omega}_1$ is the fundamental frequency, other cases of ${\Omega}={\omega}_m+{\omega}_n$, related to other modes, can be of major importance and yield a significantly enlarged instability region. The effects of edge loading, curvature, damping and the static load factor on dynamic instability behavior of simply supported doubly curved panels are studied. The results show that under localized edge loading, combination resonance zones are as important as simple resonance zones. The effects of damping show that there is a finite critical value of the dynamic load factor for each instability region below which the curved panels cannot become dynamically unstable. This example of simultaneous excitation of two modes, each oscillating steadily at its own natural frequency, may be of considerable interest in vibration testing of actual structures.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제76권3호
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• pp.293-310
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• 2020

This study derives the differential equations of free vertical bending and torsional vibrations for two- and three-pylon suspension bridges using d'Alembert's principle. The respective algorithms for natural vibration frequency and vibration mode are established through the separation of variables. In the case of the three-pylon suspension bridge, the effect of the along-bridge bending vibration of the middle pylon on the vertical bending vibration of the entire bridge is considered. The impact of torsional vibration of the middle pylon about the vertical axis on the torsional vibration of the entire bridge is also analyzed in detail. The feasibility of the proposed method is verified by two engineering examples. A comparative analysis of the results obtained via the proposed and more intricate finite element methods confirmed the former feasibility. Finally, the middle pylon stiffness effect on the vibration frequency of the three-pylon suspension bridge is discussed. It is found that the vibration frequencies of the first- and third-order vertical bending and torsional modes both increase with the middle pylon stiffness. However, the increase amplitudes of third-order bending and torsional modes are relatively small with the middle pylon stiffness increase. Moreover, the second-order bending and torsional frequencies do not change with the middle pylon stiffness.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제29권1A호
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• pp.19-30
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 CFT 트러스 거더의 자유진동실험 결과를 토대로 주요 코드에서 규정하고 있는 CFT(concrete filled tube) 합성단면의 초기 휨강성 산정식을 평가하였다. 각 코드에서 규정하는 합성단면 초기 휨강성 산정식에 의한 CFT 트러스 거더의 자유진동 해석결과와 실험결과를 비교하였으며, 그 결과 CFT 트러스 거더의 자유진동실험 결과는 ACI의 휨강성 산정식을 적용하는 경우의 해석결과와 잘 일치하는 결과를 보였다. 이를 반영하여 f/L비 변화에 따른 CFT 트러스 거더의 자유진동해석을 수행하여 f/L비가 CFT 거더의 고유진동수에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. CFT 트러스 거더의 f/L비는 거더의 전체강성에 영향을 주기 때문에 고유진동수를 변화시킨다. 수평모드에서의 고유진동수는 f/L비가 증가하면 감소하지만, 연직 모드에서의 고유진동수는 f/L비가 증가하면 선형적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.25-39
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• 2002

This paper aims to provide quite recent information on the organic industry in the U.S. Major focuses are on the development of cultivation and marketing of fresh and processed organic produce and foods, newly enforced certification program, consumers' purchasing behaviors toward organic foods, and social survey results administered to the organic farmers in the U.S. The U.S. recorded 8 billion dollars' sale of organic foods in 2000, which was the largest in the world and showed 23% growth compared to the previous year. Yet the organic industry is still a niche market, occupying merely 1.5% of total food sale amount. The natural foods markets have not been so concentrated in the U.S., but it is changing and a few wholesale mart such as Whole Foods is emerging. Recent introduction of new certification program provide unified and sole standard at the federal level to which every certifier needs to adjust itself in order to be acceredited by the government. According to a social survey, consumers purchase organic foods because they concern about health, they stick to their own modes of life favoring natural foods, and so on. Another social survey shows that most organic farmers sell their produces to wholesalers, distributers, or producer coop, and direct sale to visitors at their own farm comprises of about 8 percent of their organic land.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.1313-1320
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• 1993

본 연구에서는 가시화가 가능한 상승부를 가진 개방된2상 자연순환 회로를 설치하여 각 운전 조건에 따른 순환 유동 특성을 살펴보았다. 즉, 가열량 증가에 따 른 상승부에서의 2상 유동 양식의 변화를 관찰하였고 동시에 가열기 입구 과냉 액체의 순환 유속 및 상승부의 기공률(void fraction)을 측정하였다. 또한 가열기 입구 및 출구에 설치된 밸브의 마찰저항, 가열기 입구 액체의 과냉 정도, 그리고 충전수위등이 전반적인 유동특성에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.29-40
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• 2000

Coupled carbon-13 relaxation study of 1,1,1-trichloroethane dissolved in DMSO has been performed to gain some crucial insight into the dynamics of methyl group in this compound. For this purpose the relaxation behaviors of several observable magnetization modes for CH3 spin system generated by various perturbing pulse sequences have been carefully investigated and various dipolar spectral densities were estimated by nonlinear numerical fittings of the observed data with the relaxation curves, which were then employed to determine the three principal values for the diffusion tensor for end-over-end molecular rotation as well as internal rotational parameters of methyl group. In this process we could uniquely determine two correlation times $\tau$int(1) and $\tau$int(2) which give valuable information on internal rotor dynamics and thus obtained data were interpreted on the basis of various proposed models for internal rotation. compound undergoes three-fold jumps at 25$^{\circ}$. The fact that the ratio $\tau$int(1) / $\tau$int(2) is close to 1.0 may be interpreted as indicating that methyl group in this C.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2005년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.42-45
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• 2005

Interfacial evaluation of various combinations of both Flax and Hemp fibers/polypropylene were performed by using micromechanical test and nondestructive acoustic emission (AE). It can be because interfacial adhesion between the natural fiber surface and matrix plays an important role in controlling the overall mechanical properties of polymer composite materials by transferring the stress from the matrix to the fiber. It is necessary to characterize the interphase and the level of adhesion to understand the performance of the composites properly. Microfailure mechanism of single Flax fiber bundles were investigated using the combination of single fiber tensile test and nondestructive acoustic emission. Microfailure modes of the different natural fiber/polypropylene systems were observed using optical microscope and determined indirectly by AE and their FFT analysis.