• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.208-218
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• 1998

To clarify the activating effects of Buthus martensi Karsch on immunological function, its effect on primary and secondary antibodies production in mice of various ages was investigated. Buthus martensi Karsch increased the number of both antibody producing cells(anti-IgM and anti-IgG producing plaque forming cells, PFC) and phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophage. Futhermore, these phenomena were significantly increased with aging in mice. Buthus martensi Karsch also increased natural killer cell activity concerning to cancer immunology. These results suggest that Buthus martensi Karsch markedly increases the reduced activity in the elderly and activates the immune response in senescence mice.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.241-247
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• 1998

Ketoconazole is an imidazole antifungal agent which inhibits the biosynthesis of fungal cellmembrane ergosterol and has immunosuppressive properties in vitro. Biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate (PMC) has been utilized for antioxidative action and for liver-protective purposes. Studies were undertaken to investigate effects of biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate (PMC) on the immunosuppression of ketoconazole in ICR mice. In the combination of PMC and ketoconazole, as compared with the treatment of ketoconazole alone, there were significant increases in activities of natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes along with circulation leukocytes. The elevation of serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (S-GPT) and total protein levels caused by ketoconazole were reduced by the combination of PMC and ketoconazole. In addition, lower serum albumin and albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio were also increased to normal level.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.401-415
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• 1991

Effects of quercetin on the specific and non-specific immune responses were studied in vivo. Quercetin at a dose of 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg were orally administered to ICR male mice once daily for 28 consecutive days. Cyclophosphamide was injected intraperitoneally to ICR mice with a single dose of 5 mg/kg 2 days before secondary immunization. Mice were sensitized and challenged with sheep red blood cells (S-RBC). Immune responses were evaluated by humoral and cellular immune reponses and non-specific immune response. The results of this study were summarized as followings; 1. Quercetin significantly decreased the body weight, and introduced the atrophy of liver, spleen and thymus gland dose-dependently, but increased the numbers of white blood cell. 2. Querectin significantly depressed the hemagglutination titer, Arthus reaction and hemolytic plaque forming cell. 3. Quercetin significantly depressed the delayed type hypersensitivity and rosette forming cell. 4. Quercetin at a dose of 2.5, 5 and 40 mg/kg significantly depressed phagocytic activity. 5. Quercetin at a dose of 10 and 20 mg/kg significantly increased natural killer cell activity.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.151-159
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• 1994

To evaluate the anticarcinogenic effect and its mechanism of red ginseng, the mice were treated with red ginseng and received subcutaneous Bl6 melanoma cell line injection on the back. Tumor incidence was same (100%) both in water and red ginseng-treated groups, but tumor production was delayed in red ginseng-treated group. Survival time was somewhat longer in red ginseng-treated group. The histopathological findings were similar in both groups, but lymphocytic infiltration around the tumor and melanin production in the tumor cells were prominent in the red ginseng-treated group. Flow cytometric analysis on T lymphocytes and natural killer cells revealed increased $T_H$/$T_S$ ratio and increased NK cells in red ginseng-treated group. These results suggest that the anticarcinogenic effect of red ginseng may be exerted by the increased cell-mediated immunity and natural killer cell activity.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.140-146
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• 1993

A colostral protein that augments natural killer (NK) cell activity was isolated from bovine colostrum. This protein, designated matemal immunity enhancing factor (MIEF), increased NK cell-mediated cytotxicity against human tumor targets wheb added to cultures of resting peripheral blood lymphocytes. The NK cell stimulatory activity of the MIEF was demonstrated at the concentrations as low as 0.1-0.01 $\mu$g/ml. Purified MIEF showed an apparent molecular weight of 22,000 in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The unusual biochemical characteristics of the MIEF distinguish it from other cytokines. The MIEF was soluble at a cold tgemperature, and precipitated by raising the temperature. This themal precipitability was reversible, and dependent on the concentration, pH and ionic strength. Maximal precipitation was observed at neutral pH, and higher ionic strength.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.231-234
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• 2021

We report a rare case of metachronous lymphoma with two distinct cell lineages in a 75-year-old man. The patient complained about having nasal obstruction for 2 years and extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma of the nasal type was diagnosed from a biopsy. The immunohistochemical staining for CD56 and in situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded small RNA (EBER-ISH) were positive and the tumor cells were negative for CD20. After 13 months of concurrent chemoradiotherapy, the patient presented with swelling of the left testis. Positron emission tomography scan detected an abnormal uptake in the testis. A diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified, was diagnosed from subsequent radical orchiectomy. The immunohistochemical staining revealed to be positive for CD20, BCL2, BCL6, and MYC and negative for CD10 and EBER-ISH.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.341-345
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• 2024

The objective of the study is to estimate the potential of gintonin, as an immune enhancing agent through natural killer cell (NK cell) activity in cyclophosphamide (CY)-induced immunosuppressive animals. Accumulated results reveals that, gintonin attenuated CY-induced immunosuppression and it might modulate NK cell activity to boost the immunity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Food Hygiene and Safety Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.6-9
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• 2001

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.126-130
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• 2000

To enhance the antitumor activity of Chinese cabbage kimchi, four kinds of kimchi, which ere differently prepared in kinds and levels of sub-ingredients, were fermented at 15$^{\circ}C$ for 1 day and then at 5$^{\circ}C$ up to pH 4.3. The solid tumor formation, hepatic glutathione S-transferase activity and glutathione contents in the liver, and natural killer (NK) cell activity of spleen were determined from the sarcoma-180 cell injected Balb/c mice that were treated with methanol extracts of the kimchi samples. Kimchi IV, prepared with organically cultivated Chinese cabbage, red pepper powder, garlic, Chinese pepper powder mustard leaf and heat processed salt (Gueun salt), reduced the tumor formation by 39.3% compared to the sarcoma-180 cell treated group, resulting in the smallest tumor weight. Methanol extracts of the kimchi III and kimchi IV recovered the activities of hepatic glutathione S-transferase(GST) that was decreased by the transplantation of the sarcoma-180 cells to th mice. The injections of methanol extracts of kimchi II and kimchi IV increased glutathione contents in sarcoma-180 cells treated mice. The methanol extract of kimchi IV increased the natural killer (NK) cell activity of spleen lymphocytes a more effectively (p<0.05) than those the other kimchi samples. These results suggest that the anticancer activities of kimchi can be increased by changing the kinds and levels of sub-ingredients.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2018

Background: Chronic pain reportedly exerts complex effects on immune function. Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that play a critical role in cellular and innate immunity. This study examined changes in the subset populations and cytotoxic activity of peripheral blood NK cells in patients with chronic pain. Methods: Thirty patients with chronic moderate-to-severe pain (group P) and age-matched pain-free subjects (group NoP) were enrolled. Peripheral whole blood was analyzed for the percentage and expression of NK cell surface markers (CD56 and CD16) by flow cytometry. Cytotoxic activity was assayed by evaluating CD69 expression on $CD3^-/CD56^+NK$ cells. Results: The percentage of NK cells among total lymphocytes was not significantly different between groups P and NoP ($16.3{\pm}9.3$ vs. $20.2{\pm}10.5%$). Likewise, the percentages of two major NK cell subsets, $CD56^{bright}$ and $CD56^{dim}$, were also not significantly different between the two groups. However, the percentage of $CD56^{bright}/CD16^+$ subset, was slightly but significantly increased in group P ($1.0{\pm}0.9%$; P< 0.01) compared with group NoP ($0.5{\pm}0.6%$). The cytotoxicity of NK cells was not different between the two groups, showing similar CD69 expression (P vs. $NoP=29.2{\pm}15.2$ vs. $32.0{\pm}15.0%$). These findings were not influenced by pain intensity, opioid use, or disease causing pain in group P. Conclusions: NK cell cytotoxic activity and major subset populations, with the exception of an increased percentage of the $CD56^{bright}/CD16^+$ subset, are not significantly altered in patients with chronic severe pain.