• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.203-213
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• 2014

In Korea, a cooperation charge on conservation of ecosystem is imposed to prevent indiscriminate development. The total amount of this charge is determined by multiplying the size of the destroyed area by a value per unit area and the area index within 5 billion won. Since 2001, the charge per unit area has been determined to be $250won/m^2$. In this study, we estimated the unit value of ecosystem services per year using benefit transfer method, with a focus on forest resources. According to our results, forest resources have a value of about $3,500won/m^2$ per year. When the non-use value is subtracted, that figure becomes approximately $1,300won/m^2$. If this value incorporates the unit value of the cooperation charge on conservation of ecosystem, it will increase. To comply with the original intent of the cooperation charge on conservation of ecosystem, the fund must be used to improve ecosystem services, including the restoration of a destroyed area or the purchase of new land.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.83-97
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• 2018

This study analyses the use of agri-environment concept in South Korean laws and tries to identify the limitations and improvements. The agri-environment has been used in the EU agricultural policy since the mid 1980s, and now became the most important policy in the rural development policy. It has been regarded as a concept explaining the various factors for agricultural production. However, the EU defines it as results of agricultural production which includes not only environmental and natural features but also social and historical resources in rural areas. This definition has played a key role in the 2013 reform of the CAP. Because many developed countries are implementing the agri-environmental policy, South Korea needs to introduce it soon. In doing so, this research explores how the current South Korean laws are dealing with the relationship between agriculture and environment. It reviews 34 laws in total and finds out neither act applying the concept of agri-environment, nor recognizing the role of agricultural production in biological and environmental conservation. Nevertheless, this research identifies that some acts could be a basis for introducing agri-environmental policy in South Korea if they may complement the interrelationship between the agricultural production and conservation of rural resources.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.1-12
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• 2023

After 60 years since the enactment of the cultural property protection act, Korea's national system of protecting what has been valued has been transformed into a 'National Heritage System'. To meet the new system, the classification of national heritage has been re-classified into three categories as cultural heritage, natural heritage, and intangible heritage. In accordance with the sub-classification, acts for cultural heritage act and intangible heritage has been amended and act for natural heritage has been enacted. Act for natural heritage defines natural heritage as natural objects or cultural heritage formed through the interaction between human beings and natural environment. The sub-classification are categorized as follows; animal, plant, geological and natural reserves, natural landscapes, historical-cultural landscapes, and mixed landscapes. It also allows creating traditional landscapes so that traditional way of landscaping can be encouraged and integrated with modern life within historic environment. In line with the new concept of traditional landscaping, existing practices will be also needed to be changed. Traditional landscaping will play a significant role in setting out the new administrative paradigm which focuses on more value preservation. This paper recommends that effective collaboration between government, experts of traditional landscaping, and owners should be established to integrate the new policy in practice.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.31-46
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• 2021

In South Korea, there is a growing domestic need for a biotope map which contains ecological and environmental geographic information of a city. After the production of a Urban Ecological Maps(biotope map) by the Seoul metropolitan government in 2000, Natural Environment Conservation Act was revised in 2017 to make it mandatory for a local government to draw up its own urban ecological map. The aim of the present study was to find out ways to utilize an urban ecological map as a mean of communication between natural environment planning and urban planning sectors in a preliminary stage before introducing a big framework of 'environmental and ecological planning.' The northern area of Incheon metropolitan city was selected as the target area for this study. The major research content includes a comparative analysis of special-purpose zones, urban planning zones, restricted development zones, and conservation forests with focus on biotope types and Grades 1 of 'Biotope Type Assessment.' Farmland biotopes and forest biotopes within an area designated as an urban zone (residential, commercial and industrial zones) need to be redesignated as a zone which can conserve them. Especially considering a high possibility of damage to a large scale of natural green areas, these areas need to be readjusted immediately. If the entire area designated as an urban planning zone is to be developed, it is likely to cause serious damage to natural biotopes in the area (56.2%), including farmland biotope (30.4%), forest biotope (15.0%) and grassland biotope (10.8%), and thus, readjustment is needed. In case of a conservation forest, as it can possibly be damaged by the designation of special-purpose zones, it is necessary to match the designation of conservation forests or a special-purpose zones with their biotope types. In conclusion, we present a variety of thematic maps for utilization of an urban ecological map and propose a phase-specific environmental and ecological plan. Phase 1 is the establishment of a urban plan in consideration of ecological status; Phase 2 is the independent establishment of an environmental and ecological plan by an environment department; Phase 3 is an integrated management of ecological planning system and urban planning system.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.183-198
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• 2000

본 연구는 일본 국립공원의 경관관리를 위한 법제적 내용특성 중 공원시설물을 위주로 정리한 것이다. 이를 위해서 전국적 기준인 일본의 자연공원법규의 내용을 경관관리 측면에서 정리한 후. 아소. 쿠쥬 국립공원을 대상으로 공원계획서의 내용을 정리하여 전국적 기준과 지역적 관리기준의 차이를 파악하면서 국내범규와 차이점을 검토하였다. 그 결과 일본의 자연공원법규 중 우리 나라와 차이가 있는 공용제한의 내용과 공원계획의 내용 및 공원시설물의 차이를 파악하였고, 공원 내 각종행위에 관한 심사기준이 법제화되어 있음이 조사되었다. 한편, 일본의 경우에 있어서 법적인 근거는 없으나 집단시설지구에서의 이용허가 및 규제내용을 제시하기 위해 국립공원관리소장이 작성하는 관리계획은 보호, 유지할 지역의 경관자원을 명확히 하면서 각종 시설물의 건설행위에 대해 그 규모, 위치, 색채, 디자인 관련 사항 등에 관하여 관리지침을 작성하여 운영하고 있는 실체를 파악할 수 있었다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1067-1072
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• 2016

In this study, we determined the ecological characteristics of Strix aluco, which is designated as an endangered category II species. Towards this, we identified the actual home range of Strix aluco that breed in Korea, and collected the data necessary for protecting, preserving and managing owl populations. This study was conducted from April 14 to May 20 of 2016 during the breeding season of Strix aluco as part of the 4th National Ecosystem Survey and in accordance with the Natural Environment Conservation Act. We captured and subsequently released a female owl with a total length of 423.5mm and a weight of 550g in Kyungbuk area, succeeded in tracking it for the first time in Korea and secured 6 points of direct observation and satellite tracking observation. The distance from the nest to the farthest point was 93m. As a result of the analysis of habitat points within a100m-radius during breeding period, it was established that their habitat consists of 34.2% of non-irrigated land, 30.6% of mixed forest land, 10.5% of orchard, and 9.4% of natural grassland. These findings are consistent with the previous estimate of home range studies. Further research based on follow-up studies on males or other individuals is required to develop a stronger basis for protection and conservation of endangered wildlife class II owls.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2021

In this study, in order to induce landscape-friendly various development plans established at the district level, the contents of landscape plans appearing in domestic laws and systems and related previous studies are reviewed and comparative analysis is performed to advance the district-level landscape plan. The main focus was to explore the institutional methodology for this. The summary of the research results is as follows. First of all, as a result of analysis of the landscape plan content prescribed in the National Territory Planning Act and the enforcement decree of the same Act, the landscape plan content for natural elements and the landscape plan content for artifacts appeared mixed. Next, looking at the analysis results of the landscape plan contents in the Landscape Act, the Enforcement Decree of the same Act, and the landscape plan establishment guidelines, it is analyzed that the content mainly intended to improve the artificial landscape in terms of aesthetics, such as color, lighting, and buildings. Became. As a result of analysis of the landscape plan contents in the district unit plan establishment guidelines, it was found that the contents of the landscape plan for the skyline, night view, color, advertisements, and viewpoints were presented. As a result of the analysis of the landscape plan contents in the preceding study, the plan contents for ecological, recreational, and micro-visual aspects were revealed, and all three aspects aim to establish a landscape plan within the range of minimizing damage to nature. there was. Appeared to be. The results of this study are considered to be able to induce more landscape and nature-friendly district unit plans being conducted at the district level.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.481-488
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• 2011

Various development activities have lead to the destruction of the ecosystem such as natural wetlands. In order to protect these natural wetlands, the Ministry of Environment (MOE) in Korea enacted the Wetland Conservation Act in 1999 and designated protected areas for wetland conservation. The MOE adapted the use of Best Management Practices (BMP) such as retention ponds and constructed wetlands to treat the polluted water before entering the water system. One of these projects was a free-water surface flow (FWS) constructed wetland built as a secondary treatment unit for piggery wastewater effluent coming from a livestock wastewater treatment facility. Water quality monitoring for the constructed wetland was conducted during rainfall events. The results showed that the average removal efficiencies of TSS, BOD, TN, TP were 86, 60, 45, 70%, respectively. It was observed that the removal efficiency of particulate matter and phosphorus was high compared to nitrogen. Therefore, a longer hydraulic retention time was needed in order to improve the treatment efficiency of nitrogen. The results of this study can contribute to the wetland design, operation and maintenance of constructed wetlands.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.55-71
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• 2018

To improve the ecological function of urban areas, the guideline for applying the Biotope Area Ratio to the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) was developed in 2005 and modified in the July, 2017. This study investigates whether the guideline has been actually practiced in the real world by searching reports including 648 cases of the Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment (SEIA) and 471 cases of the EIA. The results show that the 38% of SEIA and the 43% of EIA include sections about Biotope Area Ratio, and the 15% of SEIA and the 25 % of EIA are satisfied the threshold of the Biotope Area Ratio suggested by the guideline. The statistical analysis results show that this low level of practice was not improved through the modification of the guideline in 2017. This is because the guideline is forcibleness, its explanation is unclear, and stockholders' understanding of it lacks. In addition, lack of tracking management on SEIA and EIA also contributes to the low level of practice of the guideline. To promote the practice, the efforts to legislate and publicize the guideline are required.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.95-105
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• 2021

Background and objective: A biosphere reserve is a complex concept that combines the preservation of biodiversity and the sustainable development with the region, outstanding ecosystems with worth conserving in worldwide. The purpose of this study is to suggest the way of zoning that can perform the functions of conservation, development, and logistics support of biosphere reserves. Methods: To meet the purpose of this study, the designation criteria, restrictions, and permissions of the protected area specified in the law for domestic protected areas were reviewed to classify the functions of a biosphere reserve. Results: Through this classification, 10 domestic protected areas with high ecological protection value, such as the natural beauty of the ecosystem, biodiversity, and habitats for wild animals and plants were derived as the core areas of the biosphere reserves. Also, a total of 21 protected zones that can function as a buffer to protect the core of the natural ecosystem from indiscriminate development such as resource protection, recovery, pollution prevention, and improvement were derived as appropriate sites for a buffer. In the review process, issues such as different behavioral restrictions and ranges of permission due to the application of different laws were identified, if two or more protected areas exist within one of the protected areas, there is a protected area that does not meet the criteria for designating use zone, or where behavior restrictions do not meet the zoning criteria of biosphere reserve, under the laws of domestic protected areas. Conclusion: Although this study was not able to carefully review most of the laws on domestic protected areas that are linked to other laws, it was able to categorize appropriate domestic protected areas that can act as the core and buffer zones of biosphere reserves.