• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.110-117
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• 2010

Recently, there is a trend to utilize natural dyes in many dyeing fields. In this work, the effects of benzyl alcohol in human hair dyeing with cochineal, a natural dye, was investigated. We investigated the K/S value and color value of dyed hair, water retention of dyed hair, protein release-ability of dyed hair, and wash fastness of dyed hair according to dyeing time and temperature. The shade of dyed hair was reddish. By adding benzyl alcohol in cochineal dyeing, the dyeing rate was increased and the dyeing equilibrium was established at early stage. The water retention of dyed hair was increased and the protein release-ability of dyed hair was decreased, meaning that the hair was less damaged during dyeing, The dyed hair showed a good wash fastness.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.626-632
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• 2005

A new bacterium BL-2 excreting a novel cationic polyglucosamine biopolymer was isolated from the spoiled leaves of Chinese cabbage and identified as Enterobacter sp. BL-2. The isolated Enterobacter sp. BL-2 was cultivated in pH-stat fed-batch culture using acetic acid as the feeding stock at pH 8.0, resulting in 17.11 g/l of cells and 1.53 g/l of an extracellular biopolymer after 72 h. The excreted biopolymer was purified by a three-step procedure, involving ethanol precipitation and deproteinizations, to a nearly homogeneous state, and its molecular weight was found to be 106 kDa. It was composed of glucosamine, rhamnose, and galactose at a molar ratio of 86.4:1.6:1.0, respectively, indicating a rarely found novel high-glucosamine-containing biopolymer. The FT-IR and $^{13}C-NMR$ spectra of the novel cationic polyglucosamine biopolymer PGB-l revealed a close identity with chitosan from crab shell. It can effectively flocculate various suspended solids, including kaolin clay, $Ca(OH)_2,\;Al_{2}O_3$, active carbon, microbial cells, and acidic dyes.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.202-209
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• 2015

Many of the natural dyes used for natural dyeing are difficult to maintain colorfastness due to their complex structure and specific properties. Therefore, there is a need for developing of color sustainable ability for use as an advanced coloring agent for fabrics, which would eco benign or not. In this study, the natural dye extracted from the waste of grape fruits was used to dye cotton fabric. Thus, the present study aims at extraction of color from grape seeds, skin, and stem through fermentation and then employing the same in dyeing and mordanting of cotton. Dyeing experiments were done under different conditions of fermentation and protein type mordants which were treated before and after dyeing. Experimental fabrics were used with cotton after scouring. Color value of dyed fabrics and color fastness of cotton dyed fabrics to washing and light were measured. The fastness of dyed experimental fabrics was increased by mordanting of protein fermentation and the color of dyed cotton was light red purple. The color of dyed fabric found with the optimum mordant treatment when treated with pre milk-mordant at $40^{\circ}C$ for 30min and 3% grape seed extract. On the whole, reddish tone very slightly increased with the milk pre-mordant. The color fastness of dyed cotton fabrics to light and washing was increased after fermentation.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.120-126
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• 2015

In this study, we used various dyes from natural pigments such as tumeric, goldthread, indigo, pagoda tree flower, sappanwood, and safflower to make the Hanji wallpaper with super eight colors of yellow, orange, green, turquoise, violet, red, blue, and magenta. As a result of measuring the lightfastness, magenta dyed with sappanwood showed the worst effect, but blue dyed with only indigo showed the best effect. In terms of the spot test by water, red wallpaper dyed with safflower showed the clear spot, but blue, turquoise, and green dyed with indigo resulted in a little spot. The orange, violet, and magenta dyed with goldthread and sappanwood showed antibacterial activity, and the turquoise, green, and blue also has a little antibacterial activity. However, yellow and red didn't show the some result as expected. In the experiment for efficiency of formaldehyde removal, all Hanji wallpapers dyed with natural pigments showed the significant removal effect of formaldehyde, especially turquoise and red were the highest.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.254-266
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• 2011

This study analyzes the state and products of shopping malls that sell naturally dyed products in Japan. In this study, 37 natural dyeing shopping malls were selected. The results of this study are as follows. There are many natural dying internet shopping malls located in the areas of Tokyo, Kyoto, and Okayama. The most frequent dyes were indigo, followed by akane, persimmon, mud, vegetation, and tea. The highest ordered product categories were accessories, followed by adult clothes, and interior decoration products. The most frequent products were adult hats, followed by towels (handkerchiefs), scarves, T-shirts, and bags. For the price of products, 3,000-4,000${\yen}$ was the highest for T-shirts, with 2,000-3,000${\yen}$ and 4,000-S,000${\yen}$ for newborn baby and child clothing, 5,000-10,000${\yen}$ for hats and bags, 3,000-4,000${\yen}$ for scarves, and 1,000-2,000${\yen}$ for towels (handkerchief). Concerning product information, most of the shopping malls offer the product size and the product explanations, but over half of them did not show the properties or directions for handling the product.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.1484-1492
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• 2001

For the purpose of standardization and practicability of dyeing by natural dye, the mordanting and dyeing properties of Lithodpermum officinale were studied. Appropriate extraction, dveing and mordanting conditions of Lithodpermum officinale were determined, and the effect of mordanting no dye uptake and color fastness of dyed fabric was investigated. The maximum absorbances of Lithopermum officinale solution were at 521 and 561 mn, shikonin solution were 517 and 556 mn. According to the UV-VIS spectroscopy of shikonin solution showed batho chromic shift with the increase of temperature and the absorbance of shikonin solution increased with the increase of temperature. The color of Lithodpermum officinale solution was affected by pH 8∼9, they became dark, reduced reddish and bluish. The optimum conditions for extraction from Lithodpermum officinale were at 80$\^{C}$ and for 1 hour and at 25$\^{C}$ for 24 hours. And effective dyeing conditions with silk fabric were temperature at 80∼100$\^{C}$ and period for 60min. K/S value and color fastness of dyed fabrics were increased by mordanting treatment. In the case of Lithodpermum officinale light fastness was better than Sophora japonica, Gaesalpinia Sappan, Rhusjara,. Cochineal dyeing fabrics. Perspiration fastness of Lithodpermum officinale were good. Fastness of abrasion and dry-cleaning were good these fastness improvement were generatlly effected by post-mordanting treatment.

• Carbon letters
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2016

Recently, with continuous developments in the field of materials science, graphene oxide (GO) has emerged as a promising material with excellent electrical, thermal, mechanical, and optical properties, which play important roles in most fields. Researchers have achieved considerable progress with graphene. Chitosan (CS) is a natural polymer that has been studied intensively owing to its specific formation, high chemical resistance, and excellent physical properties. These outstanding properties have led to its universal use in applications such as textile fabrics, tissue engineering, medicine and health, coatings, and paints. By combining the advantages of GO and CS, different types of promising materials can be obtained. This review discusses the preparation of GO-CS fibers, hydrogel and aerogel, and the applications of GO-CS nanocomposites. In addition, directions for future research on graphene material composites are discussed.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.10-18
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• 1997

In order to study the properties of safflower yellow colors, thermodynamic parameters and dyeing properties on the silk in several dyeing conditions were investigated. The uv-visible spectra of safflower yellow colors in several solvents show hypsochromic shift with the polarity of solvent but bathochromic shift with increasing acidity of solution. The apparent diffusion coefficients and standard affinities of dyeing increased with the increase of dyeing temperature. The standard heat of dyeing(${\Delta}H^0$), entropy change(${\Delta}S^0$) and activation energy($E_{act}$) were calculated to be - 1.144kcal/mol, -7.498(5$0^{\circ}C$)~-3.804(9$0^{\circ}C$)cal/molㆍdeg and 0.123kcal/mol, respectively. The concentration of safflower yellow colors in the silk fiber increased with dyeing temperature, time, concentration of colors and acidity of initial dyebath. Silk fabrics were dyed bright yellow by pre-mordanting with tin chloride. Lightfastness of silk fabrics pre-mordanted by tin chloride was not excellent.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.4
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• pp.233-244
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• 1991

This study was counducted to identify a relationship between the aesthetic costume arising from an and-social minority movement towards the end of 19c, England on the one hand, and bustle and crinolette style which were in fashion at that time, on the other. The aesthetic comstume is studied with articles and cricatures in the magazien "Punch" which was famous for its harsh criticisms of society. Aesthetic elements from various sources were praised or sometimes cricatured by Punch. Aesthets pursued naturalness as is found in Greek costume in reaction to the gross modernised Victorian costume. To be specific, the aesthetes pursued 1)loose robe instead of corset with bustle or crinolette, 2)2nd/3rd dimentionally-coloured dyes instead of anyline in the costume. Liberty Department Store in London has planyed a very important role as a major supplier or aesthteic articles to the aesthetes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.1248-1253
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• 2002

Coocus laccae(Laccifer lacca Kerr), usually known as Lac, is a kind of cocoon which is parasitic on the tree around India and China. It contains the laconic acid of red colored dyes and has been used for cosmetic or natural dyeing prior to the introduction of New World cochineal. Nevertheless, the characterization of lac has not been studied, very little informed. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of dyeing conditions fur Lac extract, such as pH of dye bath, concentration of Lac exact dyeing temperature and time, to find out the optimum conditions. The results were as follow. 1. The highest K/S values of the silk and wool was shown at PH 3 and PH 4. 2. K/S values of the silk came to nearly the adsorption equilibrium state at 40$^{\circ}C$ and the curve of wool showed a dramatic increase with the increase of temperature. 3. Dyed silk and wool fabrics showed good light fastness without using mordants.