• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.129-158
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• 2015

It is necessary for retailers to determine the optimal ordering policy of products considering supply disruptions due to a natural disaster and a production process failure as quality and machine breakdowns. Under the situation, a dualsourcing supply chain (DSSC) is one of effective SC for retailers to order products reliably. This paper proposes the optimal ordering policy of a product in a DSSC with a retailer and two manufacturers. Two manufacturers may face supply disruptions due to a natural disater and a production process failure after they received the retailer's order of products. Here, two scenarios of demand information of products are assumed: (i) the demand distribution is known (ii) mean and variance of the demand are known. Under above situations, two types of DSSC are discussed. Under a decentralized DSSC (DSC), a retailer determines the optimal ordering policy to maximize his/her total expected profit. Under the integrated DSSC (ISC), the optimal ordering policy is determined to maximize the whole system's total expected profit. Numerical analysis investigates how demand information and supply disruptions affect the optimal decisions under DSC and ISC. Besides, profitability of supply chain coordination adjusting the wholesale price is evaluated to encourage the optimal decision under ISC.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.198-205
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was conducted and analyzed using statistical techniques to examine the impact of fear of risk committed by risk committed overseas on people who are about to travel abroad. Method: In the event of a risk, fear of a risk occurs, and fear of a risk adversely affects people's daily lives, and in the event of a decline in daily life, affecting the economy and social activities of the area, a small risk often has a huge impact on society. In particular, the fear of risk committed abroad has an impact on overseas activities as overseas travel has been activated in time for the global era. Result and Conclusion: Therefore, according to the research, the fear of crimes committed overseas has a negative effect on the choice of overseas travel.