• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.229-236
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• 2007

This study was conducted to determine effects of different selenium (Se) sources on performance, carcass characteristics, blood measures (whole blood Se concentration and plasma glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity), and Se concentrations in tissues of finishing Hanwoo steers (Korean native steers). Twenty finishing Hanwoo steers (average body weight=536${\pm}$23.4 kg, average age=approximately 20 months) were allotted to treatments in four groups of five steers per pen for 16 weeks preceding slaughter. Treatments were control (CON), spent mushroom composts from Se-enriched mushrooms (Se-SMC), selenized yeast (Se-Y), and sodium selenite (SS). Dietary Se levels of all treatments except CON were 0.9 mg Se/kg on the dry matter basis. Body weight was measured at the first and final day of trial, and blood samples were collected to analyze whole blood Se concentration and plasma GSH-Px activity at 2, 4, 8, and 16 weeks. At the end of trial, steers were slaughtered to collect muscle and liver samples for their Se analyses, and carcass data were recorded. In terms of dry matter intake, body weight gain and carcass characteristics, no significant differences among treatments were observed. Whole blood Se concentrations were significantly higher (p<0.05) for Se-SMC and Se-Y treatments than for CON at each collection period, with no significant difference between SS and CON. For weeks 2 and 8, there was no significant difference for whole blood Se concentration between Se-SMC and Se-Y, but for weeks 4 and 16, Se-Y treatments were significantly higher (p<0.05) than Se-SMC. No differences were observed for plasma GSH-Px activity between Se-SMC and Se-Y. The Se concentrations in hind leg and liver were significantly different among treatments (p<0.05) and those in both tissues ranked the greatest in Se-Y, followed by Se-SMC, SS, and CON treatments. However, tissue Se concentration for SS was not different from that for CON. These results showed that feeding organic Se sources such as Se-SMC and Se-Y enhanced Se concentration in tissues, while SS, the most common supplement of inorganic Se, was inefficient in Se deposition. Even though Se-Y had a higher Se concentration in tissues than Se-SMC, replacing Se-Y with Se-SMC in diets of beef steers would be an inexpensive way to increase Se concentration in beef.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.1237-1245
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• 2004

Agaricus blazei Murill is a medicinal mushroom native to Brazil. It used to be a source of antitumor and immunoactive compounds and considered a health food in many countries. In the present study, it was examined the effects of water extract of A. blazei (WEAB) on the growth of human lung carcinoma cell line A549 in order to investigate the anti-proliferative mechanism by WEAB. Treatment of A549 cells to WEAB resulted in the growth inhibition, morphological change and induction of apoptotic cell death in a dose-dependent manner as measured by MTT assay and flow cytometric analysis. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that WEAB caused G2/M phase arrest of the cell cycle, which was associated with a down-regulation of cyclin A in both transcriptional and translational levels. WEAB treatment induced a marked up-regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor p21, however, the levels of Cdk2, Cdc2, Wee1, Cdc25C and p53 expression were remained unchanged in WEAB treated cells. In addition, WEAB treatment inhibited the levels of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 mRNA and protein without alteration of COX-l expression. Taken together, these findings suggest that WEAB may be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for the control of human lung carcinorma cells and further studies will be needed to identify the active compounds that confer the anti-cancer activity of WEAB. Once such compounds are identified, the mechanisms by which they exert their effects can begin to be characterized.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.62-68
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• 2009

The culture conditions to maximize the production of laccase (EC 1.10.3.2) from Fomitopsis pinicola mycelia were investigated. Among the tested media for the enzyme production, mushroom complete medium (MCM ; 2% dextrose, 0.2% peptone, 0.2% yeast extract, 0.05% $KH_2PO_4$, and 0.05% $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$) showed the highest activity of the enzyme. To optimize the culture condition for the laccase activity, influence of various carbon and nitrogen sources was investigated in MCM. Among various carbon and nitrogen sources, 2% glucose and 0.4% peptone showed the highest production of the enzyme, respectively. For the phosphorus and inorganic source, 0.05% $NaH_2PO_4$ and 0.05% $CaCl_2$ were best for the enzyme activity. The enzyme production was reached to highest level after the cultivation for 8 days at $25^{\circ}C$. Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) followed by the laccase activity staining using 2, 2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) as the substrate was performed to identify the laccase under culture conditions studied. Zymogram analysis of the culture supernatant showed a laccase band with molecular mass of 52 kDa. The optimum pH and temperature for the enzyme activity were $80^{\circ}C$ and pH 3.0.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.1239-1247
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• 2020

Sedum kamtschaticum Fisch., a native plant of Korea, has been used in Korean traditional medicine in the form of water extract for its capacity to improve blood circulation and for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Since previous research suggests that S. kamtschaticum Fisch. has excellent antioxidant and mushroom tyrosinase inhibition activities, in this study, the root and stem parts of S. kamtschaticum Fisch. are extracted in 70% ethanol (SKS, SKR), fractionated with and in order of n-hexane (SSH), ethyl acetate (SSE, SRE), chloroform (SSC, SRC) and water (SSW, SRW) according to the polarity of each solvent, and tested for its applicability as a cosmetic material. According to the total polyphenol, flavonoid contents and DPPH radical scavenging activity of each fraction, the contents and scavenging activity of the root extractions (SKR) were higher than those of the stem extractions (SKS), ethyl acetate fractions (SSE, SRE) being the most effective. In addition, ethyl acetate fractions had the highest tyrosinase inhibition activity and melanin synthesis inhibition activity used on B16F10 melanoma cells, at the concentration of 10 ㎍/mL. HPLC analysis detected a variety of polyphenols including gallic acid and quercetin. This study suggests the potential role of S. kamtschaticum Fisch. as a natural cosmeceutical material.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.194-201
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• 2014

Clitocybin A is a novel anti-wrinkle cosmetic agent produced by the strain from a Korean native mushroom Clitocybe aurantiaca. In this study, fermentation, extraction, and purification conditions for a large scale production of clitocybin A were optimized, and its cytotoxicity and inhibition activity on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) were characterized. The mass production of anti-wrinkle agent was achieved according to the 300 L fermentation process with a fed-batch cultivation using the modified yeast-maltose (YM) broth, and a total of 12.5 kg of cell mass was obtained in a 120 L culture broth for 14 days. After extraction and purification, clitocybin A was identified by HPLC. The cytotoxicity of clitocybin A was examined by the MTT assay. When assayed at 100 and 200 ${\mu}g/ml$ concentrations, clitocybin A showed no cytotoxicity, demonstrating safety. The inhibition activity of clitocybin A on the expression of MMP-1 was examined against UV irradiation. Oleanolic acid (control group) showed a relatively low MMP-1 inhibiting activity (ca. 16.7%) at 10 ${\mu}g/ml$ and showed increased cytotoxicity at higher concentrations. In contrast, clitocybin A showed no cytotoxicity at 100 ${\mu}g/ml$, and exhibited a relatively high MMP-1-inhibiting activity (33.1%). These findings indicate that clitocybin A may be a safe and effective anti-wrinkle agent for use in functional cosmetics.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.403-411
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• 2009

This study was conducted to gather the basic data on the increase of utilization for the Japanese staunton vine (Stauntonia hexaphylla), native plants which were grown in the southern districts in Korea. We have also determined their partial physical and chemical compositions and their physiological activities. Vitamin C contents in fruit skin was 85.23 mg/100 g, and that in flesh was 61.67 mg/100 g. Total amino acids contents in fruit skin increased much more by 762.72 mg/100 g DW compared to that in flesh by 434.05 mg/100 g DW. Inorganic matter contents were more increased in the fruit skin (108.48 mg/$\ell$) and its main components were K (76.53 mg/$\ell$), Ca (20.20 mg/$\ell$) and Mg (6.22 mg/$\ell$). Total phenol compound and flavonoid contents in 1,000 mg/$\ell$ methanol extracts were 7.3-9.6 mg/$\ell$ and 5.1-6.7 mg/$\ell$. Nitrite radical scavenging activity in 4,000 mg/$\ell$ methanol extracts of fruit skin and flesh for Stauntonia hexaphylla were 79.5% and 77.8%, however, that in seeds was 17.1%. Overall mushroom tyrosinase inhibition activity (% of control) was less than 10.8%. Anti-microbial activities of methanol extracts from the fruit skin against the gram negative and positive microbial strains were not significant in the lower concentration of extracting solution, however, that from flesh and seeds in terms of the inhibition diameter were $8.91{\sim}12.25\;mm$.