• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.353-375
• /
• 2022

No systematic review to date has examined histopathological parameters in relation to native liver survival in children who undergo the Kasai operation for biliary atresia (BA). A systematic review and meta-analysis is presented, comparing the frequency of native liver survival in peri-operative severe vs. non-severe liver fibrosis cases, in addition to other reported histopathology parameters. Records were sourced from MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL databases. Studies followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines and compared native liver survival frequencies in pediatric patients with evidence of severe vs. non-severe liver fibrosis, bile duct proliferation, cholestasis, lobular inflammation, portal inflammation, and giant cell transformation on peri-operative biopsies. The primary outcome was the frequency of native liver survival. A random effects meta-analysis was used. Twenty-eight observational studies were included, 1,171 pediatric patients with BA of whom 631 survived with their native liver. Lower odds of native liver survival in the severe liver fibrosis vs. non-severe liver fibrosis groups were reported (odds ratio [OR], 0.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.08-0.33; I²=46%). No difference in the odds of native liver survival in the severe bile duct destruction vs. non-severe bile duct destruction groups were reported (OR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.00-63.63; I²=96%). Lower odds of native liver survival were documented in the severe cholestasis vs. non-severe cholestasis (OR, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.01-0.73; I²=80%) and severe lobular inflammation vs. non-severe lobular inflammation groups (OR, 0.02; 95% CI, 0.00-0.62; I²=69%). There was no difference in the odds of native liver survival in the severe portal inflammation vs. non-severe portal inflammation groups (OR, 0.03; 95% CI, 0.00-3.22; I²=86%) or between the severe giant cell transformation vs. non-severe giant cell transformation groups (OR, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.00-175.21; I²=94%). The meta-analysis loosely suggests that the presence of severe liver fibrosis, cholestasis, and lobular inflammation are associated with lower odds of native liver survival in pediatric patients after Kasai.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
• /
• v.24 no.5
• /
• pp.465-475
• /
• 2023

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE) for predicting hepatic fibrosis and native liver outcomes in patients with biliary atresia. Materials and Methods: This prospective study included 33 consecutive patients with biliary atresia (median age, 8 weeks [interquartile range, 6-10 weeks]; male:female ratio, 15:18) from Severance Children's Hospital between May 2019 and February 2022. Preoperative (within 1 week from surgery) and immediate postoperative (on postoperative days [PODs] 3, 5, and 7) ultrasonographic findings were obtained and analyzed, including the SWE of the liver and spleen. Hepatic fibrosis, according to the METAVIR score at the time of Kasai portoenterostomy and native liver outcomes during postsurgical follow-up, were compared and correlated with imaging and laboratory findings. Poor outcomes were defined as intractable cholangitis or liver transplantation. The diagnostic performance of SWE in predicting METAVIR F3-F4 and poor hepatic outcomes was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses. Results: All patients were analyzed without exclusion. Perioperative advanced hepatic fibrosis (F3-F4) was associated with older age and higher preoperative direct bilirubin and SWE values in the liver and spleen. Preoperative liver SWE showed a ROC area of 0.806 and 63.6% (7/11) sensitivity and 86.4% (19/22) specificity at a cutoff of 17.5 kPa for diagnosing F3-F4. The poor outcome group included five patients with intractable cholangitis and three undergoing liver transplantation who showed high postoperative liver SWE values. Liver SWE on PODs 3-7 showed ROC areas of 0.783-0.891 for predicting poor outcomes, and a cutoff value of 10.3 kPa for SWE on POD 3 had 100% (8/8) sensitivity and 73.9% (17/23) specificity. Conclusion: Preoperative liver SWE can predict advanced hepatic fibrosis, and immediate postoperative liver SWE can predict poor native liver outcomes in patients with biliary atresia.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.57-64
• /
• 1993

This survey was performed to report rare outbreak of liver cirrhosis in Korean native goat (KNG) which was died of Yangpyeong's goat farm on Feb. 1992. The examination for the KNG was carried out by clinical signs, necropsy and various lab-oratory test including parasitic, bacterial and histological test. The KNG looked jaundice, ascite, hemorrhage of lumen, abomasum and intestine, and brownish smooth cirrhotic liver at necropsy. Histological examination for liver revealed considerable proliferation of connective tissue and piecemeal necrosis which was caused by chronic active inflammation in interlobules and intralobules. There were atrophic micro and macro nodules which were sur-rounded by connective tissue. The lobular structure lack almost all central vein. The portal areas appearred proliferation of bile ducts, blood vessels and connective tissues. These connective tissue infiltrated heavily with plasma cells, Iymphocytes and histocytes. Histological examination for brain proved to be hepatic encephalopathy by virture of congestion and edema in cerebral medullary. From these results were demonstrated miked nodular, active, postnecrotic liver cirrhosis.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.197-200
• /
• 1976

By employing the vinylite corrosion technique, the distribution of the hepatic vein within the liver in 50 Korean native goats was observed. 1. In 50 vinylite casts, the principal branches of hepatic vein are Vena hepatica sinistra, Vena hepatica sinistra et medialis, Vena heapati dextralateralis et medialis, Vena hepatica caudatorum, Vena hepatica dorsolateralits: three chief branches are Vena hepatica sinistra, Vena hepatica dextra, Vena hepatica caudatorum. 2. In the liver of Korean goat are recognized three lobes, i.e. Lobus sinister, Lobus dexter and Lobus caudate.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.353-368
• /
• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the effects of Korean native plant diets on lipid and cadmium (Cd) metabolisms and also antioxidative enzyme activities in rats. Seventy male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 210.3$\pm$2.7g were blocked into ten groups according to body weight. Rats were raised for four weeks with diets containing 0 or 0.04%(w/w) cadmium chloride and 5%(w/w) plant powder-Ssook(Artemisia princeps var. orientalis HARA), Chamchwi(Aster scaber THUNB), Gomchwi(Lingularia fischeri TUBCZ). or Solbeerum (Portulaca oleracea LINNE). Food intake, weight gain, food efficiency ratio, and weights of liver, kidney, spleen and epididymal fat were significantly lower in Cd-exposed groups, food efficiency ratio, and weights of liver, kidney, spleen and epididymal fat were significanlty lower in Cd-exposed groups. Plasma total lipid level, liver total lipid, cholesterol and triglycerde concentrations, and fecal total lipid, cholesterol and triglyceride excretions were decreased by Cd administration. Total lipid and triglyceride concentration in plasma and liver were lower in Chamchwi groups together with increased fecal total lipid and triglyceride excretions. Cholesterol concentration in plasma and liver were lower in Gomchwi groups with increased fecal cholesterol excretions. Activities of red-blood-cell superoxide dismutase(SOD), and liver catalase, SOD and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) were decreased significantly by Cd administration. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS) concentrations of plasma and liver were increased by Cd administration. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS) concentration of plasma and liver were increased by Cd administration. Administration of plant diets decreased plasma and liver catalase, SOD and GSH-px activities in Cd-free diet groups and increased them in Cd-administered groups. Plasma and liver TBARS concentrations were decreased in animals fed plant diets, with Chamchwi showing the most effective antioxidative capacity. The concentration of Cd accumulated in blood and tissue decreased in Cd-exposed groups fed plant diets. Liver Cd concentration were lower in the Chamchwi and Gomchwi groups, and kidney Cd levels were lower in the Ssook and Chamchwi groups. Among them, Chamchwi was the most effective in Cd detoxification. In conclusion, Chamchwi and Gomchwi were effective in lowering tissue lipid levels, with Chamchwi having the greatest antioxidative and detoxifying effects.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.861-876
• /
• 1995

This study was carried out to get fundamental information about the normal ultrasonogram of the liver and heart in Korean native cattle and calves. The interventricular septum, left ventricular internal diameter, left ventricular free wall thickness, aortic diameter, left atrial diameter, and right ventricular internal diameter of hear in 10 Korean native calves were determined at 4-5 right intercostal spare by use of ultrasonography. The caudal vena cava, portal vein, gallbladder, liver of 9 Korean native cattle and 10 calves were determined at 12, 11 and 10th intercostal spares by use of ultrasonography. Cursor-directed M-mode and gray-scale, B-mode ultrasonograms were obtained with electronic scanning ultrasound equipment with a 3.5 or 5.0-MHz convex transducer. The results obtained through the experiments were summarized as follows: 1. The result of ultrasonographic examination of the korean native calves' heart 1) Interventricular septum in systole and diastole was 1.23 and 0.81 cm, respectively(vc=28.84, 17.4). 2) Ventricular internal diameter in systole and diastole was 2.50 and 4.91 cm, respectively(vc=17.44, 12.73). 3) Left ventricular free was thickness in systole and diastole was 1.44 and 0.92 cm, respectively(vc=26.85, 23.54). 4) Aortic diameter was 2.69.m, .rspectevely(vc=11.29). 5) Left atrial diameter was 1.82 cm(vc=15.31). 6) Right ventricular internal diameter in systole and diastole was 1.12 and 1.9 cm, respectively(vc=33.71, 24.43). 3. Ultrasonographic measurments of caudal vena cava, portal vein, gallbladder of Korean native calves 1) Dorsal margin of caudal vena cava at the 12, 11 and 10th intercostal space was 13.5, 15.3 and 18.1 cm, respectively(p<0.01). 3) Depth of caudal vena cava at the 12, 11 and 10th intercostal space was 4.4, 4.5 and 4.6 cm, respectively. 3) Diameter of caudal vena cava at the 12, 11 and 10th intercostal space was 11.6, 1.7 and 1.6 cm, respectively. 4) Dorsal margin of portal vein at the 12, 11 and 10th intercostal space was 16.2, 18.6 and 21.4 cm, respectively(p<0.01) 5) Depth of portal vein at the 12, 11 and 10th intercostal spare was 4.5, 4.4 and 3.9 cm respectively. 6) Diameter of portal vein at the 13, 11 and 10th intercostal space was 2.1, 2.2 and 1.9 cm respectively. 7) Dorsal margin of gallbladder at the 11 and 10th intercostal space was 23.6 and 23.9 cm, respectively(p<0.01), 8) Longitudinal diameter of gallbladder at the 11 and 10th intercostal space was 7.1 and 5.9 cm, respectively(p<0.05). 9) Transverse diameter of gallbladder at the 11 and 10th intercostal space was 2.4 and 2.1 cm respectively(p<0.01). 3. Ultrasonographic measurments of caudal vena cava, portal vein, gallbladder of Korean native cattle 1) Dorsal margin of caudal vena cava at the 12 and 11th intercostal space was 22.2, and 25.4 cm, respectively(p<0.01). 2) Depth of caudal vena cava at the 12 and 11th intercostal space was 103 and 11.1 cm, respectively(p<0.01). 3) Diameter of caudal vena cava at the 12 and 11th intercostal space was 3.1 and 3.0 cm, respectively. 4) Dorsal margin of portal vein at the 12 and 11th intercostal space was 29.3 and 32.9 cm, respectively(p<0.01). 5) Depth of portal vein at the 12 and 11th intercostal space was 9.6, and 9.2 cm, respectively. 6) Diameter of portal vein at the 12 and lith intercostal space was 3.4 and 3.3 cm, respectively. 7) Dorsal margin of gallbladder at the 11 and 10th intercostal space was 43.1 and 45.5 cm, respectively(p<0.01). 8) Longitudinal diameter of gallbladder at the 11 and 10th intercostal space was 10.1 and 9.4 cm, respectively. 9) Transverse diameter of gallbladder at the 11 and 10th intercostal space was 4.0 and 3.7 cm, respectively. 4, Ultrasonogaphic measurments of dorsal margin, ventral margin, size and angles of the Korean native calves' liver. 1) Dorsal margin of liver at the 12, 11 and 10th intercostal space was 11.0, 9.6, and 12.4 cm, respectively(p<0.01). 2) Ventral margin of liver at the 12, 11 and 10th intercostal spate was 20, 24 and 26.1 cm, respectively(p<0.01). 3) Size of the liver at the 12, 11 and 10th intercostal space was 9.0, 14.6 and 13.8 cm, respectively(p<0.01). 4) Angle of liver at the 12, 11 and 10th intercostal space was 40, 46 and 37, respectively(p<0.01). 5. Ultrasonographic measurmants of dorsal margin, ventral margin, size and anglses of the korean native cattle's liver 1) Dorsal margin of the liver at the 12, 11 and 10th intercostal space was 14.4, 18.2 and 26, 3 cm, respectively. 2) Ventral margin of liver at the 12, 11 and 10th intercostal space was 41.1, 46.4 and 49.3 cm, respectively(p<0.01). 3) Size of the liver at the 12, 11 and 10th intercostal space was 26.8, 28.2 and 23.2 cm, respectively(p<0.01). 4) Angel of liverat the 15, 11 and 10 intercostal space was 41, 40.6 and 35.7, respectively(p<0.05). It was concluded that the ultrasonographic values oletermined in this study can be used as references for the diagnosis of morphologic changes in the hear and liver in korean native calves, and in the liver in korean native rattle.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.159-172
• /
• 1998

사람 성장호르몬 수용체(hGHR) cDNA는 PCR방법에 의하여 fagment로서 보고되어진 바 있으나, liver cDNA로 부터 전장을 cloning한 보고는 없는 실정으로 본 연구에서는 기능을 가진 약 4.6kbp의 cDNA hGHR을 cloning 하는데 성공하였다. 먼저 cloning하기 위하여 human liver mRNA와 human breast cancer tissue로부터 회수한 mRNA를 RT-PCR방법에 의하여 human cDNA library와 cloning에 필요한 probe를 제작하였다. human library mRNA는 GT-PCR방법에 의하여 증폭하여 증폭되어진 산물은 λZAP Vector를 이용하여 cDNA library를 구축하였고,screeing을 위하여 임 보고 되어진 hGHR fragment native sequence를 기초로 N-terminal부분의 primer를 설계하여 950bp의 probe를 얻는데 성공하였다. 이 probe를 이용하여 준비된 human liver cDNA library로부터 2.5$\times$10 6개의 plaque로부터 6개의 positive clone을 획득하였고, 이들중 poly Asignal인 "AATAAA"를 포함하고 있는 가장 긴 약 3.8kbp의 clone을 sequencing한 결과 open reading frame을 포함하고 있었으나, 5'부분의 결손되어 있었다. 그리하여 이 부분은 human breast cancer tissue로 부터 회수한 mRNA를 RT-PCR에 의하여 증폭하였고, sequencing결과 이미 보고되어진 native hGHR와 비교한 결과 하나의 nucleotide가 silent mutation으로 판명되었다.한편 human liver cDNA library로부터 cloning한 3.8cp의 positive clone의 5'end의 결손된 부분에 silent mutation된 PCR 산물을 연결함으로써 native hGHR와 유사한 cDNA hGHR subcloning에 성공하였다. 이러한 cDNA hGHR의 clone이 function을 가지고 있는지를 검토하기 위하여 eukaryotic 발현 vector인 pCXN2에 의거 ligation한 후 chinese hamster ovary cell[CHO-KI]에 transfect를 실시하였다. Dexamethasone은 첨가하지 않고 hGH만의 존재하에서 이들 cell을 배양시키고 cell menbrane에서 발현 여부를 판정키 위하여 hGHR monocloual antibody를 사용하여 flow cytometery해석을 실시하는 한편 125I-hGH binding assay에 의하여 hGH binding activity를 측정하였다. 최종적으로 GH signal transduction의 target genedf으로 알려져 있는 serine protease inhibitor 2.1(Spi 2.1) gene의 promotor activity를 검토한 결과 hGHR을 transfect한 CHO Cell에 있어서 hGH의 농도에 의존적으로 증가되었다. 따라서 본 실험에서 cloning한 cDNA hGHR는 native hGHR와 같은 기능을 가지는 것으로 판명되었다.것으로 판명되었다.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.11-18
• /
• 1997

This study was performed to make fundamental data of ultrasonographic diagnosis for liver and duodenum disease in native Korean cattle. Ultrasonographic appearance of liver, caudal vena cava, portal vein, gall bladdr and duodenum according to the growth were determined from 6 to 13 months by monthly examinations in 9 native Korean cattle. The caudal vena cava was determined at 11th intercostal space by use of ultrasonography. The portal vein and gallbladder were determined at 10th intercostal space by use oof ultrasonography. The liver were determined at 12, 11 and 10 th intercostal space by use of ultrasonography. The liver, caudal vena cava, portal cein, gallbladder and duodenum were examinde in standing position. Ultrasonograms were obtainde with 3.5 or 5.0-MHz convex and 5.0-MHz sector transducer. The diameter of vena cava at the 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13 months old age were 18.4, 20.6, 22.4, 25.1, 26.9, 27.3, 28.5 and 29.4 mm, respectively. The diameter of portal vein at the 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13 months old age were 19.5, 20.6, 22.3, 24.5, 26.9, 28.1, 30.7 and 31.5 mm, respectively. The diameter of gall bladder at the 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13 months old age were 63.2, 72.2, 75.1, 78.6, 80.5, 82.3, 84.4 and 91.1 mm, respectively. Cranial part of duodenum was identified near gall bladder by moving of hyperechoic ingesta. Descending duodenum paralleled with vertebrae is seen in the right upper flank and was adjacent to the abdominal wall, and was enveloped in the hyperechoic greater omentum, differentiating it from the jejunum and ileum. The diameter of cranial duodenum at the 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13 months old age were 23.3, 27.9, 29.9, 32.2, 34.4, 34.5, 35.1 and 36.5 mm, respectively. The diameter of descending duodenum revealed smaller diameter than that of cranial duodenum. Calculi in gallbladder were observed by ultrasonography.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.187-195
• /
• 1982

This paper dealt with the light microscopical and electron microscopical findings on the morphological changes of the liver of Korean native goat injected with toxin (culture filtrate) of Clostridium perfringens which was isolated from Korean native cattle died of acute Clostridium perfringens enterotoxemia. The results observed are summarized as follows. In the microscopical findings, hyperemia and minute hemorrhage of the liver parenchyma, dilatation of hepatic central vein and centrilobular necrosis of liver, cloudy swelling and hydropic degeneration of hepatic cells, and appearance of light eosinophilic granular bodies in the vacuoles were recognized. In the electron microscopical findings, appearance of pinocytotic vesicle (coated vesicle), fusion of these vesicles, formation of vacuole and accumulation of minute granular proteinous materials in the vacuole were observed in the hepatic cells. Decreased number of glycogen granules, swelling and destruction of mitochondria, proliferation of smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, enlargement of rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, dispersal of thready agranular membranous structure and appearance of secondary lysosome were recognized in the hepatic cell cytoplasm.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.371-377
• /
• 1988

In order to know the effect of dexamethasone on the induction of the rabbit viral hepatitis, the pathological changes were observed in the native rabbits, 2 to 6 months old in age, that were injected by dexamethasone and liver emulsion of Angora rabbit naturally infected with viral hepatitis. The results were summarized as follows: The native rabbits injected by dexamethasone and liver emulsion were infected with viral hepatitis and died between 2 and 7 days after inoculation. Clinical signs and gross lesions were very similar to those of Angora rabbit naturally occurred, In microscopical findings, the hepatic lesions were characterized by peripheral necrosis of the lobules, and peripheral necrosis of the lobules with fatty changes of hepatic cells was occurred in a few cases. Perivascular lymphocytic infiltration in the central nervous system was observed in some cases, The lesions of the other organs were very similar to those of Angora rabbit naturally occurred. On the other hand, the native rabbits that were injected by only liver emulsion of Angora rabbit naturally infected with viral hepatitis were not infected with the disease except very few cases.