• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.2057-2069
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• 2014

This study was carried out to estimate the BVOCs emissions with the emission factors which reflected the native conditions of forests in Jeju Island. This study made effective use of the previous data for the weather data and the emission rate of each organic volatile component measured at 10 species of conifers and broad leaved trees. The CORINAIR method and the grid system of $1km{\times}1km$ for whole area of Jeju Island were adopted in calculating the BVOCs emission emitted from forest. The vegetation information for Jeju Island was referred to GIS and a government report. By the results of BVOCs emission for Jeju Island, the 85% of monoterpene emission was emitted from conifers and the others was from broad leaved trees. Most of monoterpene emission was attributed to Pinus thunbergii and Cryptomeria japonica. The broad leaved trees greatly contributed to the isoprene emission and Quercus serrata played a dominant role in emission of isoprene. The total amount of BVOCs emission was estimated as $3612ton\;yr^{-1}$ in Jeju Island. The 51.1% of total emission was contributed to conifers, the 44.9% to broad leaved trees, and the 4.0% to grassland. Of total emission of BVOCs, monoterpene accounted for 32.3%, isoprene for 28.0%, and OVOCs for 39.7%. The BVOCs emission estimated by this study was less than that estimated by other previous study. This means that it is important to survey the emission rate at native conditions and gather the detailed information for various species of vegetation on target region.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.112-117
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• 2012

This report evaluated the convenience and accessibility of a penile translocation surgery in the lateral recumbency of a calf using a tilt-up mobile compared with that of dorsal recumbency on the ground of a barn. One nine-month-old F-1 (Korean native sire x Holstein dam) calf was sedated with xylazine (0.03 mg/kg, IV) and restrained in the right lateral recumbency position on a tilt-up restraint mobile (90 cm high), whereas the other nine-month-old Korean native calf was administered xylazine (0.3 mg/kg, IV) and restrained in dorsal recumbency position on the ground of a barn, with assistance by one person. For the two calves, lidocaine was administered subcutaneously from the preputial orifice to the S-shaped penis. The preputial orifice was incised, and the preputial sheath and penis were separated bluntly, then laterally translocated to the site toward the left flank at a $40^{\circ}$ angle. Anti-inflammatory drug (ketoprofen) and antibiotics (penicillin) were administered following the surgery. The duration of surgery was 30 min shorter in the calf that received the surgery in lateral recumbency using the tilt-up mobile with operator's standing posture (60 min) than the one that underwent surgery in dorsal recumbency on the ground with operator's bending posture (90 min). One week after the surgery, the operation area, including the translocated preputial orifice, was healed without complications in both cases. The results detailed in this report demonstrate that penile translocation surgery in the lateral recumbency position using a tilt-up mobile might be used conveniently in calves due to the convenience of restraint, reduced surgery time, and reduced physical inconvenience for the surgeon.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.97-106
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• 1987

The geology of the Bupyeong mine area is consisted of Precambrian Gyeonggi gneiss complex and Mesozoic igneous rocks; i.e., pyroclastic rocks, intrusive breccia, granite and felsic porphyries which were formed during a Jurassic to early Cretaceous resurgent caldera evolution. Granites are not observed on the surface and in the underground of the mine. Bupyeong silver deposits occur as stockworks of base metal sulfides- minor silver minerals-quartz - carbonate veinlets, hosted by pyroclastic rocks and intrusive breccia at the southwestern margin of the caldera. Silver occurs mainly as native silver, and other silver minerals, minor in quantity, are argentite, tetrahedrite-freibergite, pyrargyrite, polybasite, canfieldite and dyscrasite. The average grade of silver ore is about 180g/t Ag. Discrimination of silver ore from the country rocks depends largely on the chemical analyses of rock samples taken every two meters from tunnels, diamond-drilling cores and mining stopes, because silver minerals are hardly observed in the ore by crude eye, and silver orebodies do not properly coincide with the concentrated zone of base metal sulfides which were precipitated at the earlier stage than the stage of precipitation of native silver. General characteristics of the loci of the silver orebodies are as follows; (1) The host rocks of orebodies are pyroclastic rocks and intrusive breccia. (2) Many of the orebodies are distributed around Gyeonggi gneiss complex. Especially where the paleotopography of gneiss complex shows a gradual slope, the basal stratigraphic horizon of the pyroclastic rocks unconformably overlying the gneiss complex offered a favorable loci of high grade ore. (3) $N5^{\circ}W$ to $N15^{\circ}$ E-striking faults played an important role in the localization of the orebodies. (4) Conduits of intrusive breccia within the gneiss complex, through which the intrusive breccia intruded into the upper pyroclastic rocks, exist beneath most of the main orebodies. This suggests that the conduits of intrusive breccia served as channelways for the migration of ore fluids.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.221-230
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• 2004

Flora of the Dokdo Islet, where located south-east from Ulnung Island, off the east coast of the Korean peninsula, recorded as 59 taxa; 29 families, 50 genus, 48 species, 1 sub-species, 9 varieties and 1 form. Dong-do (East islet) of Dokdo Islet, naturalized plants such as Brassica campestris subsp. napus var. nipp-oleitera and Rumex crispus are widely ranged over the islet. The naturalizedplants affects the native species and their habitats of Artemisia japonica var. macrocephala, Echinochloa crus-galli, Sedum oryzifolium, Arabis stelleri var. japonica and Sedum kamtschaticum var takesimense in the islet. The trail in Seo-do (West islet) is heavily threatened by over-all weathering processes on the rock. The native woody species in the islet are Euonymous japonicus and Lonicera insularis, and the species such as Pinus thunbergii and Hibiscus syriacus are planted in the recent past under the IRP (Islet Restoration Program) by NGO. The Specific Plants, which is designated and categorized by the Ministry of Environment, Korea, such as Lilium lancifolium, Lysimachia mauritiana and Reynoutria sachalinensis are ranged. The ecosystem of Dokdo islet is seriously threatened by invadedplant species and building works for garrison and relevant facilities. The over-all long- and short-term strategies, based on interdisciplinary and integrated approaches for habitat restoration is needed.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.400-420
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• 2019

The aims of the study were to analyze (1) the effects of Prosopis juliflora (Prosopis) on the spatial distribution and soil seed banks (SSB) diversity and density, (2) the effects of environmental factors on SSB diversity and density (number of seeds in the soil per unit area), and (3) the effects of animal fecal droppings on SSB diversity, density, and dispersal. Aboveground vegetation data were collected from different Prosopis-infested habitats from quadrats (20 × 20 m) in Prosopis thickets, Prosopis + native species stand, non-invaded woodlands, and open grazing lands. In each Prosopis-infested habitats, soil samples were collected from the litter layer and three successive soil layer, i.e., 0-3 cm, 3-6 cm, and 6-9 cm. Seeds from soil samples and animal fecal matter were separated in the green house using the seedling emergence technique. Invasion of Prosopis had significant effects on the soil seed bank diversity. Results revealed that the mean value of the Shannon diversity of non-invaded woodlands was being higher by 19.2%, 18.5%, and 11.0% than Prosopis thickets; Prosopis + native species stand and open grazing lands, respectively. The seed diversity and richness, recovered from 6-9-cm-deep layer were the highest. On the other hand, the density of Prosopis seeds was the highest in the litter layer. About 156 of seeds/kg (92.9%) of seeds were germinated from cattle fecal matter. However, in a small proportion of seedlings, 12 of seeds/kg (7.1%) were germinated from shot fecal matter. Thus, as the seeds in the soil were low in the study areas, in situ and ex situ conservation of original plants and reseeding of persistent grass species such as Cynodon dactylon, Cenchrus ciliaris, Chrysopogon plumulosus, and Brachiaria ramosa are recommended.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.133-157
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• 1994

This study was executed to find out the succession stage and the ecological niche of Lindera erythrocarpa Markino. Four sites were selected by field investigation. They are Jeondungsa and Jeongsusa of Kanghwa Island, Mt. Suri of Anyang and Mt. Gaya of Chungcheongnamdo. They located in the region which have the similar temperature with Seoul region or lower average temperature for winter than that of adjacent Seoul. In the four sites, L, erythrocarpa was appeard in canopy layer at L. erythrocarpa community in Jeondungsa, L. erythrocarpa-Q. serrata, Z. serrata-L. erythrocarpa community in Jeongsusa, Castanea crenata-L, erythrocarpa community, L. erythrocarpa-Q. serrata community in Mt. Gaya and in the rest of the sites, it lives in subtree and shrub layer. And in the four sites but Jeongsusa area, it correspond with Chang(1991)'s study that L. erythrocarpa is dominant species in the site impacted by human. L. erythrocarpa lives with Quercus spp. such as Q. serrata, Q. variabilis, Q. mongolica and Carpinus laxiflora but it's presumably a passing phenomena.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.680-685
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• 1994

Total nitrogen content, proline, free amino acids, sugars, invertase and diastase activities in native bee-honey (NBH) and foregin bee-honey (FBH) harvested from our different areas of Kangwon , Korea were determined. The total nitrogen contents of NBH and FBH were 0.077$\pm$0.033mg% and 0.055$\pm$0.022mg%, respectively. Proline content in NBH was 42$\pm$10mg% and waqs found to be much lower than that in FHB. Phenylalanine and proline were major free amino acids both in NBH and FBH . The content of total free amino acid in FBH were twice as much as that in NBH , however isomaltose content in NBH were almost two times more than that in FBH. Other sugars including fructose, glucos , sucrose and maltose were also analyzed. No differences were found between NBH and FBH in invertase activities, but comparing to these of FBH ,lower values of diastase activity in NBH were observed.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.82-96
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• 2003

Namakshin(: Wooden clogs), also called keukja, moklee, or mokhye usually have high heels to be worn on rainy days. According to the "Hamel's Journal and a description of the Kingdom of Korea, 1653-1666", a book authored by Hendrick Hamel (1630-1692), the 33 crew members of the S/S Sperwer were interned in March 1656 under the jurisdiction of the "Pyongsa" (Commandant) in Pyongyong, Kangjin and they were instrumental in making clogs of their native country and sold them to people around the Pyongyong area to earn some extra money. Pyongyong & Gangjin's wooden shoes are clearly different from those produced in the rest of Korea and bear striking resemblance to traditional Dutch clogs (klompen in Dutch). According to Hamel's narratives, the Dutch captives made wooden shoes for a living in Jeonlla province. Namakshin in Chosun was divided into 5 type, woman's rubber shoes, Condora, Taesahye, Balmaksin, trough style.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.59-68
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• 2009

Nowadays, local governments have been developing an image to represent their regions' identity. These characters contain unlimited capabilities of utilization and advertising effect that adds to their high value. However, we must consider how effectively the image helps in representing its region because some characters have been produced upon timely basis without consistent long-term planning. This study is to investigate the image and motif of the local government characters from the consumer's perspective. The results are as follows: 1)The images employed by the local governments are not highly preferred and most regions select motifs from their local agricultural products and native plants. 2)The variables that affect the character of the local governments are such as beauty, identity, etc. In conclusion, in order to maximize the local government image, one must improve the design concepts, encourage advertisement of regional festivities and travel commercialization, and advocate the identity and beauty of the local area to the residents and other regional people.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
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• v.28A no.11
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• pp.887-893
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• 1991

To take advantage of Ti-polycide, when it is contacted with both n+ and p+ active area of silicon, the effects of BF$_2$ on the formation of Ti-silicide were investigated with RTA temperature and dopant concentration. The intermediate phase C49 TiSi$_2$ appeared at $650^{\circ}C$ and the stable phase C54 TiSi2 was formed at $700^{\circ}C$. And the formation of Ti-silicide was hindered by BF$_2$ doping and this trend was decreased with increasing temperature. The out-diffusion phenomena of BF$_2$ into Ti silicide were not observed. And significantly, the native oxide was a chief factor preventing the formation of Ti-silicides.