• 한국조경학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.73-85
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• 1991

Rhododendron mucronulatum for. albiflorum, native species is a shrub that has white flowers on May to June, and rare species endangered by people's rash digging or cutting. But its physiological ecological characteristics and propagation method are not being known at all. Therefore, this study was executed to utilize this species as the planting material for landscaping by analysing its habitat environment and growth form, and also experimenting its seed and vegetative propagation, and it field culture and utilization. The results are as follows; 1. The elevation, gradient and direction of this species were 295-1,350m, 10-36$^{\circ}$, northwest respectively. It was found that the species is shade-liking plant that grows under forest cover of average 51.33%. 2. The soil pH and water content of its habitat were 5.4, 25.41% respectively. The organic matter content was 6.29% that was higher than 3.2%, the average organic matter content of forest soil in Korea. 3. Representative plant community within which this species was living was Quercus mongolica community, and its main neighboring species were Lindea obtusiloba, Fraxinus sieboldiana, Rhus trichocarpa, Rhododendron Schlippenbachii, Rododendron mucronulatum. 4. The leaf length and width of this species were 39.18mm, 12.60mm respectively. This result showed that generally its leaf size was larger than that of R. micranthum, R. yedoense var. poukhanense and R. mucronulatum var. ciliatum and smaller than that of R. mucronulatum and R. schlippenbachii. 5. The whole size of its pollen was, as 59${\times}$61$\mu\textrm{m}$, the largest of plants of Rhododendron family including R. mucronulatum and R. mucronulatum var. ciliatum. 6. The result of seed germination experiment at intervals of 5$^{\circ}C$ from 15$^{\circ}C$ to 30$^{\circ}C$ presented the highest germination rate of 94.7% at 20$^{\circ}C$ numerically, but high percent germination at all temperature levels without significant difference. And the seed of this plant proved to be sun-liking seed at requiring dormancy in germination. 7. Through seed germination experiment by treatment of growth regulators such as GA. Thiourea and Kinetin under dark condition, it was found that the effect of GA treatment on germination increase and acceleration was the highest. 8. In greenwood cutting, rooted rate by treatment of various concentration of IBA and NAA on clay and vermiculite bed was not wholly high, but 100ppm plots of both IBA and NAA of clay bed showed relatively good rooted rate. 9. As result of field culture experiment for finding out optimum growth temperature and light intensity, growth conditions such as height, number of leaves, fresh weight and chlorophyll contents were the best at night/day temperature of 20/25$^{\circ}C$ and under 1/2sun. Also, the photosynthetic rate was the highest at 25$^{\circ}C$. Accordingly, it was found that optimum temperature and light intensity for growth of this plant are 25$^{\circ}C$ (day temperature), 50% of natural light respectively.

• 환경생물
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.109-118
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• 2019

한국에서 습지보호지역인 신안장도습지에서 습지 및 육상 식생을 조사하고 그 변화상을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 출현한 식물군락은 후박나무군락, 구실잣밤나무군락, 후박나무-구실잣밤나무군락의 상록활엽수림과 버드나무군락, 예덕나무군락, 예덕나무-칡군락, 팽나무군락의 낙엽활엽수림, 찔레-장딸기군락의 관목림과 진퍼리새-물억새군락, 물억새-띠군락의 초원 그리고 이대군락의 식재림이었다. 그 중 습지식생(면적의 15%)은 육상식생(85%)보다 매우 좁았다. 이 결과를 과거의 10년 전의 것과 비교해 볼 때 습지성 식물군락이 1/3로 감소하고 그 대신 중성 또는 건성 식물군락의 비율이 증가하였다. 이 지역에서 일어나는 육화천이를 억제하고 고유한 습지식생을 유지하기 위해서는 버드나무군락의 세력의 확장을 적절한 규모 이하로 통제해야 한다. 그리고 이대군락 및 칡과 같은 습지외 식물들의 침입을 제어하는 물리적인 제거 등의 생태적 관리가 필요하다.

• 환경생물
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.356-362
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• 2007

충남 태안군 일대 4곳의 해안사구 지역에서 자생하는 9종의 사구식물 연관 근권세균 다양성을 2003년 10월부터 2004년 3월까지의 기간 동안 3차례에 걸쳐 denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) 기법을 이용하여 조사하였다. 그 결과 한 밴드가 계속 모든 시료에서 우점하는 것으로 나타났으며, DNA 염기서열 분석에 의하여 Lysobacter enzymogenes와 가장 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 기타 주요 밴드들은 Pseudomonas와 Bacillus 속의 균주들로 동정되었다. L. enzymogenes가 9종의 식물 모두에서 지역이나 조사시기에 관계없이 우점적으로 나타난 것은 이전의 클론 분석을 통한 결과와 일치한다 (Lee et al. 2006a). Bacillus에 속한 밴드들이 모든 조사에서 출현하였으며, Pseudomonas 속 밴드들은 2003년 12월 조사에서 두드러졌다. DGGE 분석만으로는 Lysobacter가 사구식물에 가지는 중요성을 파악할 수는 없으나 건강한 개체에 지속적으로 발견되는 것으로 보아 Lysobacter의 존재는 식물에 긍정적인 영향을 가지는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.58-67
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• 1994

Object of this study is to suggest the plan for natural vegetation restoration and management by ecological approach. The concept of biotope planting technique was introduced in order to restore the natural vegetation in the northern part of Mt. Nam in Seoul, and Quercus mongolica forests was surveyed so as to obtain the basic data. This study focused on the vegetational context between northern part of Mt. Nam and develop-reserved site. The results are following ; 1. It is suitable to plant 25~30 trees in $100\m^2$ with trees of DBH 10cm and below at intervals of about 2m in canopy layer. In the case of subtree layer of DBH 2cm, about 30 trees were planted at an Intervals of 1.5~2m around in $100\m^2$. 2. In the last step of nature vegetation restoration, it is desiable that canopy density is $5/100\m^2$ and 녀btree one is 10~20/$100\m^2$. 3. Management plans was proposed to use the native species of Mt. Nam around and to investigate the ecological situation once a year such as species introduce, dead-tree, soil, fauna etc.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.369-381
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• 2004

본 연구는 장기간의 이용과 간섭으로 훼손된 선흘곶 방목초지를 원식생인 상록활엽수림으로 복원하기 위하여 식생유형에 따른 식물군집구조 분석을 통해 천이경향을 예측하고 적합한 복원방안을 도출하고자 하였다. 총 26개 조사지를 선정하여 분석한 결과 우점종의 평균상대우점치에 따라 4개 유형으로 구분되었고 교목층 우점종의 경급을 고려하여 6개 군집으로 분류하였으며 군집 I은 덩굴성관목림, 군집 II는 상록활엽수 관목림, 군집 III은 소경목의 상록활엽수림, 군집 IV, V는 중경목의 상록활엽수림, 군집 Ⅵ은 대경목의 상록활엽수림이었다. 관목림의 출현종은 각각 24, 28종이었고 소경목 상록활엽수림은 16종, 중경목 상록활엽수림은 29, 30종이었으며 대경목 상록활엽수림은 27종이었다. 전체 종다양도지수는 0.8763∼1.2630이었으며 중경목과 대경목 상록활엽수림간 유사도지수가 높게 나타났다. 군집 I, II, III은 방목초지에서 상록활엽수로 천이가 진행된 유형이었고 군집 IV, V, Ⅵ은 방목지내 잔존림으로서 난대 상록확엽수림과 식생구조가 유사하였다. 선흘곶 방목초지지역을 상록활엽수림으로 복원하기 위해 구실잣밤나무, 종가시나무군집을 목표로 하여 선흘곶 내 상록활엽수림을 모델림으로 제시하였으며 복원모델군집의 생육밀도는 교목층에 구실잣밤나무, 종가시나무가 100$m^2$당 10주, 아교목층에는 동백나무, 사스레피나무, 종가시나무가 100$m^2$당 14주이었다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2002

The ecological background of a restoration project is complex and difficult to betermine without experimentation. A useful context for experiments is the well-studied process of natural succession, because the factors that drive or inhibit succession are also at work during reclamation (a form of primary succession) and restoration (which often resembles secondary succession). Using experimental studies on urban wasteland reclamation, we have tested for factors that stimulate or inhibit succession during early phases of woodland development in the Northeastern United states. The emphasis has been on mutualisms (seed dispersal, pollination, and mycorrhizae) and microsite limitations in the recruitment, growth, and reproduction of woody plants. Using plantings of seeds, seedlings, and clusters of reproductively mature plants on abandoned landfills, we have observed that (1) soil microsite deficiencies lead to very poor germination (<0.1$\%$) and seedling survival (<0.01$\%$) of most native species; (2) seed dispersal by birds is a significant and reliable source of woody plant recruitment; however (3) proximity effects are strong, with most (up to 95$\%$) of seed rain falling in the vicinity of planted clusters that are closest to putative seed sources; and (4) remnant natural woodlands are critical components of the recruitment process. To emphasize the last point, in one case, we found that the destruction of approximately 50$\%$ of nearby natural woodland vegetation led to a commensurate decline in seed rain. In another case, we found that the species richness of recruits was strictly limited by the species composition of nearby source plant communities, with no evidence of community enrichment by long distance dispersal over 5 years. We conclude from these results that the size and proximity of remnant natural populations are critical considerations when planning reclamation and restoration programs that rely on natural successional processes.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.72-79
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• 2012

Vaccinium oldhami Miq. is a Korean native tree, which is deciduous and shrub tree with broad leaf. It grows 1~4m in height generally. Ecologically, this tree grows well in shady place even in barren soil. Also, the tree has resistance to cold and dry, which tend to form a little community. This research investigates quantitative morphological characteristics of leaf and fruit among the V. oldhami in South Korea and then considers its relationship on the basis of raw data among the 10 populations. This study will give us invaluable information about growing conditions, reasonable management and breeding by selection of V. oldhami in South Korea. The main results obtained from this study are summarized as follows; Leaf size of Mudeung population was larger than other populations. Naebyeon population was smaller in size of the leaf than other populations. Anmyeondo population was larger in fruit characteristics compared with other populations and Deogyu population was the smallest among populations. According to cluster analysis based on the leaf and fruit morphological characteristics, the natural V. oldhami populations were classified into four groups such as the first group of Kumo population, the second group of Mudeung population, the third group of Anmyundo, Daedun, Doolyun population and the fourth group of the other five populations.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.89-102
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• 2016

담양하천습지는 영산강 본류에 위치하는 하천습지로서 2004년 습지보호지역으로 지정되었다. 이번 연구에서는 총 30개의 식생자료가 획득되었으며, 총 101종(미동정종 1종)을 포함하는 22개의 식생유형이 구분되었다. 현존식생도는 6개의 범례(하천림, 대상식생, 터주식생, 연안대식생, 습생초원, 개방수역)로 구분되었으며, 습지식생의 면적은 약 35%($386,841.86m^2$)를 차지하였다. 본 연구 결과 담양하천습지에 분포하는 식물사회는 보호지역 상단에 설치된 물막이보와 상부 유역에 운영 중인 담양댐 등으로 인해 급격한 수환경 변화로 형성된 것으로 유추되었다. 고수부지는 최근까지 경작이 진행되었으나 보호지역 지정 이후 방치됨으로써 현재와 같은 하천변 휴경작지의 식생경관이 형성되었다. 조사지역 내 환경부 지정생태계 교란 야생식물인 털물참피가 우점하는 군락이 넓게 발달하고 있으며, 국내 미기재된 새로운 귀화식물군락인 앵무새깃군락이 관찰되었다. 이들 식물군락들은 나도겨풀군락이 발달하는 환경과 중복되어 그 밖의 유사한 생태적 지위를 가지는 고유식물군락의 서식처를 점유하게 될 것이다. 담양하천습지의 다양한 식물사회들은 인공 시설물 등에 의한 하천환경 변화 및 교란, 훼손에 기인한 것으로 이해된다.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.255-263
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• 2015

우리나라 하안역에서 외래식물 침입은 고유식물을 대체함으로써 생물다양성을 위협하는 가장 중요한 요인 중에 하나이다. 우리나라 고유 하안식생에 침입하는 두가지 주요 침입외래종인 가시박 (Sicyos angulatus)과 털물참새피 (Paspalum distichum var. indutum)가 고유 하안식생에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여, 이 두 식물이 침입한 전국 하천의 22개 조사지점에서 식물상과 식생구조를 조사하였다. 가시박은 한반도 중부지방에 주로 침입하였다. 이 외래식물은 수로를 따라서 왕성하게 덩굴을 형성함으로써 제방 사면과 높은 고수부에서 교관목과 장경 초본의 고유식생을 피압하여 하천관리자에게 문제가 되고 있는 초본식물이다. 털물참새피는 한반도 남부지방에서 점차 확산되고 있다. 얕은 지하경과 왕성하게 분지하는 포복경을 가지고 있는 이 침입식물은 정체되거나 유속이 느린 물 위를 덮는 치밀한 매트를 형성하여 경쟁력이 약한 고유 침수식물이나 단경 정수식물을 위협하였다. 하천 하안지역에서 새로운 침입종의 도입을 방지하고 침입한 외래종을 방제하여 고유 하안식생을 보전하기 위해서는 이곳에서 인위 교란을 방지하고 적절한 외래식물 관리가 필요하다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.738-747
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• 2018

Objective: In a previous study, analysis of Illumina sequenced metagenomic DNA data of bacteria in Vietnamese goats' rumen showed a high diversity of putative lignocellulolytic genes. In this study, taxonomy speculation of microbial community and lignocellulolytic bacteria population in the rumen was conducted to elucidate a role of bacterial structure for effective degradation of plant materials. Methods: The metagenomic data had been subjected into Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLASTX) algorithm and the National Center for Biotechnology Information non-redundant sequence database. Here the BLASTX hits were further processed by the Metagenome Analyzer program to statistically analyze the abundance of taxa. Results: Microbial community in the rumen is defined by dominance of Bacteroidetes compared to Firmicutes. The ratio of Firmicutes versus Bacteroidetes was 0.36:1. An abundance of Synergistetes was uniquely identified in the goat microbiome may be formed by host genotype. With regard to bacterial lignocellulose degraders, the ratio of lignocellulolytic genes affiliated with Firmicutes compared to the genes linked to Bacteroidetes was 0.11:1, in which the genes encoding putative hemicellulases, carbohydrate esterases, polysaccharide lyases originated from Bacteroidetes were 14 to 20 times higher than from Firmicutes. Firmicutes seem to possess more cellulose hydrolysis capacity showing a Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio of 0.35:1. Analysis of lignocellulolytic potential degraders shows that four species belonged to Bacteroidetes phylum, while two species belonged to Firmicutes phylum harbouring at least 12 different catalytic domains for all lignocellulose pretreatment, cellulose, as well as hemicellulose saccharification. Conclusion: Based on these findings, we speculate that increasing the members of Bacteroidetes to keep a low ratio of Firmicutes versus Bacteroidetes in goat rumen has resulted most likely in an increased lignocellulose digestion.