• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.85-97
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• 2000

In the organizing principle of Hwaeomsa temple, we could see the procedure of absorption and combination on folk beliefs and Buddhism like other temples. One of Representative folk beliefs took in and combined in its temple is Sam-Sung-Gak, which is located at the same place with Won-Tong-Geon. And Myong-Bu-Geon is affected by the Ten-Kings belief of Taoism very deeply, is also very rare folk belief case grown naturally. The diversification of Buddhist sanctum' function is absorption and combination between proper belief for the Buddhist Goddess of Mercy and folk native beliefs.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2022

This study analyzed the pronunciations of Japanese fricative /s/ and affricate /ts/ by 24 Japanese and 40 Korean speakers using the rise and steady+decay durations of their frication part in order to clarify the characteristics of their pronunciations. Discriminant analysis revealed that Japanese speakers' /s/ and /ts/ were well classified by the acoustic boundaries defined by a discriminant function. Using this boundary, Korean speakers' production of /s/ and /ts/ was analyzed. It was found that, in Korean speakers' pronunciation, misclassification of /s/ as /ts/ was more frequent than that of /ts/ as /s/, indicating that both the /s/ and /ts/ distributions shift toward short rise and steady+decay durations. Moreover, their distributions were very similar to those of Korean fricatives and affricates. These results suggest that Korean speakers' classification error might be because of their use of Korean lax and tense fricatives to pronounce Japanese /s/, and Korean lax and tense affricates to pronounce Japanese /ts/.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2004

Background: The heat shock proteins (HSPs) play an important role in cellular protection mechanisms against physical or chemical stresses. In this study scFv antibodies specific for human HSP70.1 were isolated from a semi-synthetic human scFv library with the ultimate goal of developing anti-HSP70.1 intracellular antibody (intrabody) that may offer an attractive alternative to gene targeting to study the function of the protein in cells. Methods: A semi-synthetic human scFv display library ($5{\times}10^{8}$ size) was constructed using pCANTAB-5E vector and the selection of the library against bacterially expressed recombinant human HSP70.1 was attempted by panning. Results: Three positive clones specific for recombinant HSP70.1 were identified. All three clones used $V_{H}$ subgroup III. On the other hand, $V_{L}$ of two clones belonged to the kappa light chain subgroup I, but the other utilized $V_{k}$ subgroup IV Interestingly, these scFv molecules specifically reacted to the recombinant HSP70.1, yet failed to recognize native HSP70 induced in U937 human monocytic cells by heat treatment. Conclusion: Our results indicated that affinity selection of an scFv phage display library using recombinant antigens produced in E. coli might not guarantee the isolation of scFv antibody molecules specific for a native form of the antigen. Therefore, the source of target antigens needs to be chosen carefully in order to isolate biofunctional antibody molecules.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.584-587
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• 2007

치환도를 달리한 하이드록시프로필화 쌀전분의 동적 레올로지 특성이 소변형 진동측정방법(small-deformation oscillatory measurement)에 의해 관찰되었다. Aging 전 $4^{\circ}C$에서 측정된 저장탄성률 G#과 손실탄성률 G"의 값은 치환도(0.030-0.118)가 증가함에 따라 증가하였으며, 반면에 tan ${\delta}5(G"/G#)$는 감소하였다 $4^{\circ}C$에서 10시간 aging하는 동안 하이드록시프로필화 쌀전분의 G#값은 초기 단계에서 급속히 증가한 다음 곧 바로 2시간이내에 안정기(plateau) 영역에 도달하였다. 그러나 천연전분(native starch)은 10시간 동안의 aging후에도 안정기 영역이 관측되지 않았다. 치환도의 증가는 하이드록시프로필화 쌀전분의 안정기 G#값의 감소를 초래하였다. Aging하는 동안의 구조전개 속도상수 K는 1차 kinetics식으로부터 얻어졌으며, 하이드록시프로필화 쌀전분의 K값은 높은 치환도에서 낮은 수치를 보여주었다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.429-434
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• 1992

This study was carried out to develop an effective liquid-phase double antibody enzyme immunoassay for determining of progesterone. The optimum conditions of assay system, 1st and 2nd antibodies, enzyme conjugate, and time reaction were invested. The bovine plasma progesterone level in dairy cattle and korean native bulls were also analyzed. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The reproducibility of petroleum ether was superior to that of ethyl ether as extract solvent of progesterone in plasma. 2. The optimum dilution rate of 1st and 2nd antibody was 30,000 and 10 times, respectively. Affer the reaction of enzyme conjugate to progesterone 1st antibody, and then 2nd antibody competition reaction was enough for over 1hr. 3. Average plasma progesterone level in 4 pregnant and 9 nonpregnant Holstein was $2.5{\pm}0.5$ and $0.7{\pm}0.2ng/m{\ell}$, respectively. Average plasma progesterone level of 10 Korean native bulls was $0.1{\pm}0.001ng/m{\ell}$ From these results, by using liquid phase double antibody enzyme immunoassay for progesterone is applicable to detect of early pregnancy diagnosis, factorial analysis of reproductive disorder, and also reproductive physiological function such as monitoring of cyclicity during the post-partum period.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.404-408
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• 1996

콩 단백질은 글리시닌과 $\beta$-콘글리시닌을 주요 성분으로 한다. 영양성 및 가공 특성을 개선하기 위하여 유전자공학적인 방법을 시도하였다. 즉 $\beta$-콘글리시닌의 $\beta$-서브유니트를 유전자 클로닝하고 대장균에서 발현시켰다. 발현벡타는 pET 21d이며 플라스미드를 구축하여 E. coli BL21(DE3)에 형질전환 시켰다. 발현된 단백질은 균체 전체 단백질의 20%이며 가용화 상태로 축적되었다. 축적 발현단백질은 천연의 $\beta$-콘글리시닌과 동일항 트리머로 확인되었다. 정제는 황산암모늄 20~40% 분별침전, Q-Sepharose 이온교환크로마토그라피, Butyltoyopearl 소수성 컬럼크로마토그라피로 하였다. 이것은 콩 단백질의 특성을 규명하는데 필요한 대장균 대량 발현계를 확립하고 발현 단백질의 정제방법을 확립한 결과이다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.1185-1192
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• 2012

This study investigated the hydrocarbonoclastic microbial community present on weathered crude oil and their ability to degrade weathered oil in seawater obtained from the Gulf St. Vincent (SA, Australia). Examination of the native seawater communities capable of utilizing hydrocarbon as the sole carbon source identified a maximum recovery of just $6.6{\times}10^1\;CFU/ml$, with these values dramatically increased in the weathered oil, reaching $4.1{\times}10^4\;CFU/ml$. The weathered oil (dominated by > $C_{30}$ fractions; $750,000{\pm}150,000mg/l$) was subject to an 8 week laboratory-based degradation microcosm study. By day 56, the natural inoculums degraded the soluble hydrocarbons (initial concentrations $3,400{\pm}700mg/l$ and $1,700{\pm}340mg/l$ for the control and seawater, respectively) to below detectable levels, and biodegradation of the residual oil reached 62% ($254,000{\pm}40,000mg/l$) and 66% ($285,000{\pm}45,000mg/l$) in the control and seawater sources, respectively. In addition, the residual oil gas chromatogram profiles changed with the presence of short and intermediate hydrocarbon chains. 16S rDNA DGGE sequence analysis revealed species affiliated with the genera Roseobacter, Alteromonas, Yeosuana aromativorans, and Pseudomonas, renowned oil-degrading organisms previously thought to be associated with the environment where the oil contaminated rather than also being present in the contaminating oil. This study highlights the importance of microbiological techniques for isolation and characterisation, coupled with molecular techniques for identification, in understanding the role and function of native oil communities.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.101-107
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• 2018

We identified the main impacts, drivers, and restoration projects for Atlantic Forest in Northwest of the Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The objective was to analyze the quantity, distribution, and causes of the environmental crimes in 2000-2014. To verify differences between degraded and restored areas, we performed a t-test; ANOVA for the municipalities with more quantity of crimes, simple linear regression analysis for the relationship between sizes of degraded areas and quantity of seedlings planted, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for environmental damages categories and population of the municipalities. The main environmental damages found were deforestation outside permanent preservation area (20%) and those related to Permanent Preservation Area (37%). Environmental crimes in these areas fall into two categories: native and exotic vegetation removal (17%), and impediment to natural regeneration (20%). The average size of the degraded areas was $5,359{\pm}526m^2$, while for restored areas was $3,337{\pm}255m^2$. The sizes of the degraded fragments were similar among the five municipalities with the higher number of environmental crimes (ANOVA: p>0.05, F=1.24; df=241). The number of seedlings planted was positively related to the sizes of the degraded fragments (p<0.001, $R^2=0.53$). Segregation between the less and the most populous municipalities was found with the PCA analysis along PC1 (51.7%), while PC2 represented 19.2% of the total variation. The most populous municipalities showed the highest number of environmental crimes, and the majority of degraded areas were recovered by planting native seedlings. Atlantic Forest fragments need to be recognized and preserved as an ecosystem with a unique ecological function by the population and public administration.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제40권7호
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• pp.1048-1052
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• 2011

각기 다른 치환도를 가진 초산 고구마전분 페이스트의 유동특성 및 투과도 그리고, 이들 전분 겔의 냉.해동안정성 및 강도가 치환도의 함수로 분석되었다. 유동특성 측정 결과 power law 모델식과 Casson 모델식에 잘 적용되었으며, 높은 shear-thinning 거동을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특정한 온도 범위($25{\sim}70^{\circ}C$)에서 전분 페이스트의 겉보기 점도($\eta_{a,100}$)의 온도 의존성은 Arrhenius 모델식에 잘 적용되었으며 초산 고구마전분이 천연전분에 비해 더 낮은 온도 의존성을 나타내었다. 전분 페이스트 이수현상 측정에서는 초산화에 의해 이수현상이 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, 치환도가 증가할수록 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. 겔 강도 측정에서도 초산화에 의해 겔 강도가 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, 치환도가 증가할수록 겔 강도는 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 페이스트 투과도(% T) 측정에서 초산전분은 천연전분 보다 투과도가 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.374-382
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• 2001

Lf는 cytokines의 생성 및 면역반응 등의 생체 방어적 기능을 하는 물질로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 Lf과 Lf-h에 의해 macrophage에서 TNF-$\alpha$와 NO 생성에 미치는 효과를 조사하였다. K-Lf 및 K-Lf-h는 단독으로 TNF-$\alpha$의 생성을 증가시켰으며, Lf의 농도에 따라 그 생성량이 증가하였다. LPS와 함께 작용시켰을 경우에는 큰 효과가 없는 것으로 나타났으나, 세포 성장률은 증가시켰다. 그러나 B-Lf, H-Lf, 그리고 이들의 가수분해물들은 단독으로는, RAW264.7 cell을 자극하여 TNF-$\alpha$나 NO의 생성을 증가시키지 못하였다. 또한, K-Lf는 그 자체만으로 TNF-$\alpha$에서 보여준 것처럼 NO생성에 영향을 미치며 농도가 높아짐에 따라 NO 생성을 증가시키는 경향을 보여주었다.