• 대기
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.141-154
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• 2020

Seasonal forecast is growing in demand, as it provides valuable information for decision making and potential to reduce impact on weather events. This study examines how operational climate prediction systems can be reliable, producing the probability forecast in seasonal scale. A reliability diagram was used, which is a tool for the reliability by comparing probabilities with the corresponding observed frequency. It is proposed for a method grading scales of 1-5 based on the reliability diagram to quantify the reliability. Probabilities are derived from ensemble members using hindcast data. The analysis is focused on skill for 2 m temperature and precipitation from climate prediction systems in KMA, UKMO, and ECMWF, NCEP and JMA. Five categorizations are found depending on variables, seasons and regions. The probability forecast for 2 m temperature can be relied on while that for precipitation is reliable only in few regions. The probabilistic skill in KMA and UKMO is comparable with ECMWF, and the reliabilities tend to increase as the ensemble size and hindcast period increasing.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.777-783
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• 2005

For the sustainable management of marine ecosystem in Masan Bay, we have to assess the carrying capacity and standard of target water quality. In this research, we assume that all pollutants loads are treated in Dukdong sewage treatment plant, then we simulate the physical-biological model for prediction water quality for the achievement of standard water quality. In 2001 year, for the achievement of COD 2.5 mg/L, we need to reduce COD $90\%$, nitrogen $30\%$, phosphate $90\%$ than that of the present value, According to these results, the water quality of sewage treatment plant is required to treat COD 13.5 mg/L, nitrogen 33.3 mg/L, phosphate 6,0 mg/L. If the sewage treatment plant will be expanded much larger in 2011, it will need to be treated in COD 6.6 mg/L, nitrogen 2.5 mg/L, phosphate 5 mg/L for the achievement of water quality standard in COD 2.5 mg/L.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.339-347
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• 2007

SMEDDS is mixture of oils, surfactants, and cosurfactants, which are emulsified in aqueous media under conditions of gentle agitation and digestive motility that would be encountered in the gastro-intestinal(GI) tract. The main purpose of this work is to prepare self-microemulsifying drug delivery system(SMEDDS) for oral bioavailability enhancement of a poorly water soluble drug, atorvastatin calcium. Solubility of atorvastatin calcium was determined in various vehicles. Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were constructed to identity the efficient self-emulsification region and particle size distributions of the resultant micro emulsions were determined using a laser diffraction sizer. Optimized formulations for in vitro dissolution and bioavailability assessment were $Capryol^{(R)}$ 90(50%), Tetraglycol(16%), and $Cremophor^{(R)}$ EL(32%). The release rate of atorvastatin from SMEDDS was significantly higher than the conventional tablet ($Lipitor^{(R)}$), 2-fold. Our studies illustrated the potential use of SMEDDS for the delivery of hydrophobic compounds, such as atorvastatin calcium by the oral route.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2008

Solid dispersions of poorly water-soluble drug, sibutramine, were prepared with hydrophilic polymer, poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone (PVP), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) and organic acid, citric acid, to improve the solubility of drug. Physicochemical variation and shape of microsphere were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Microspheres containing additives showed more spherical shape than non additive microspheres. In vitro release behavior of microspheres presented at simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2) and simulated intestinal fluid (pH 6.8). The solid dispersion form transformed the drug into an amorphous state and dramatically improved its dissolution rate. These data suggest that the solid dispersion technique is an effective approach for developing the appetite depressant drug products and various pharmaceutical excipients are able to control the release behaviors.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.64-70
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• 2023

Garlic is classified as one of the three essential seasoning vegetables in Korea. In 2023, it was reported that the area under garlic cultivation was 24,700 ha, and the production stood at 318,220 tons. Garlic harvesting mechanization currently stands at 43.8%, and garlic is still collected manually after digging out using diggers, so the process is labor intensive. To reduce garlic production costs and enhance competitiveness, it is necessary to develop a high-performance gathering type harvester in place of the digging type harvester. Therefore, in this study, a gathering-type garlic harvester that can dig and collect simultaneously was designed and manufactured, and the harvest performance by factor was analyzed through a harvest performance test. As a result of the performance test, it was analyzed to perform optimally at a driving speed of 0.11m/s and a transfer speed of 85rpm. Work performance was calculated using the results obtained from the factor performance test.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.30-35
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• 2024

Domestic rice is more expensive than imported products, so it is necessary to reduce production costs to secure competitiveness. Low-density planting developed in Japan is a cultivation technology that reduces labor and production costs without yield loss. The area of low-density cultivation is continuously increasing. However, research on how rice transplanters adapt to low-density planting has not been conducted. Therefore, this study was carried out to determine the optimal working conditions of a rice transplanter for low-density planting. Three types of rice transplanters were used and treated based on 3 conveying distance levels. The number of picked seedlings, pick missing rate, the number of planted seedlings, and the mis-planted rate were investigated to evaluate planting accuracy according to the transfer distance to the seedling tray. The results showed that the number of planted seedlings was 4.31~4.95 EA with an L1 seedling tray transfer distance (horizontal 9 mm, vertical 8 mm), but the mis-planted rate was higher than in other conditions. At L2 (horizontal 9 mm, vertical 10 mm) and L3 (horizontal 11 mm, vertical 8 mm) transfer distance conditions, the number of planted seedlings were 4.89-5.68 EA and 4.69-5.66 EA, respectively, with a low mis-planted rate of less than 3%. The results showed that if the transfer distance is adjusted properly, a rice transplanter can be used for low-density planting with high planting accuracy.

• 한국미생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물학회 2001년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.112-112
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• 2001

• 한국원자력학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국원자력학회 2004년도 추계학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.1128-1129
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• 2004

• 한국광과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국광과학회 2001년도 학술대회지
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• pp.35-35
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• 2001

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2006년도 제31회 학술논문발표회 초록집
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• pp.216-216
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• 2006