• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.57-75
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• 2001

Since the Korean economic crisis in 1997, consumers are selecting goods that are more economical and more reasonably priced. Markets for wealthy people, however, have seldom been influenced by economic conditions. Consequently, 'noble marketing' is a new term that marketers should become acquainted with (Kim, 1998). The continuously expanding 'noble market' that generates high profit for marketers needs to be explored, especially the men's wear market. This study adopted a qualitative method (i.e., in-depth interview) with 16 male consumers each. These men who spent more than 3,600,000 won on apparel goods in 2000 and each man had purchased at least one item-suit, jacket, trousers, or coat-from a list of high-priced brands that were selected by the researcher. Findings imply that material or functional benefit of the high-priced apparel were not a critical determinant for choosing the brand. Rather, a socially well-established image for the brand name, especially in terms of psychological/symbolic appeal, played a more important role. This finding supported previous studies. Therefore, for high-priced men s wear, the role of promotion, including advertising or word of mouth, is critical; the image that advertisers should promote is one that characterizes the clothing, and ultimately the wearers, as dignified, legitimate, traditional, and upper class.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.125-132
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• 2011

In this study investigated what buyers want and expect from medical equipment industry. In this study we found as fellows, (a) The quality of instrument is the most important factors that lead to customer purchase intent and brand image follwed by reliability and efficiency in order; (b) Customers perception of company did not show any meaningful relationship with brand image suggesting company positive image perceived by the customers would not necessarily have a positive impact on brand image. Rather, if brand image customer perceived gets higher, considerably higher purchase intention was observed. Therefore, the findings from the present study suggest that medical instrument manufactures need to focus more on providing a long-term high quality of service marketing strategy to increase customer satisfaction and purchase intent in this competitive business environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.1466-1476
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• 2011

This study explores if consumer perceptions about genuine luxury fashion merchandise are affected by the presence of counterfeits. A total of 504 consumers participated in an online survey. First, respondents were asked to indicate whether or not they agreed that counterfeits negatively affect genuine luxury fashion brands and to provide reasons for their responses. Approximately 57% replied that counterfeit goods negatively affect the image of genuine luxury fashion brand goods. The main reason mentioned was that counterfeit products damage the producer/copyright holder of genuine products, as well as the national economy; they believed that it damaged the genuine luxury brands' image due to the luxury goods becoming less rare; however, 43% of respondents stated that counterfeits did not negatively affect genuine luxury fashion brands. Thus, counterfeit availability reflects that a brand is renowned and popular in a market where consumers can recognize genuine luxury fashion products from counterfeits. Second, the respondents were asked about specific luxury fashion brands and indicated that seeing counterfeits did not negatively affect genuine luxury fashion brands' value, brand reputation or satisfaction of ownership. The majority of respondents disagreed that the availability of counterfeits negatively affects the value, reputation and satisfaction of owning original luxury brands.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.2 s.60
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• pp.293-302
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• 2005

The emotion and culture of an age are reflected through several mediums. The special quality and generality are discovered through household utensils used in everyday life specially. This paper was intended as proceeding study for brand development with national empathic relationship. In this article, we were here concerned with symbolism and features for stories of traditional pattern on ancestral common household utensils, and considered about development possibility by brand of tradition pattern. As analysis for symbolism of traditional pattern, re-sorting and classifying pattern, meaning, symbol and stories of pattern based on 'Blessing notion' were set. It was found from the analysis that meaning and symbol of traditional pattern were set up and stories for them were excerpted. This study defines tradition pattern classified based on 'Blessing notion' as '8 Blessing pattern', and investigated development possibility and derivative value of it. We discovered through this study that 'Blessing patterns' function as communicator, have 4 abilities in sympathy with brand paradigm, and have 6 elements of brand identity. Furthermore, 'Blessing Patierns' have some derivative functions; cognitive intension, expression, loyalty, differentiation and symbol. This research will become basis of study for brand development having 'Empathic relationship' and foundation of 'Blessing brand' that is available to be umbrella and super brand. A further direction of this study will be to make 'Blessing brand series' and to create culture of it. We hope Korean brand market goes a step further through our studies

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.157-165
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• 2013

The mid-20th century witnessed a wide spread of Korean culture in Japan, China and Southeast Asia and China now has become the biggest trade partner and export market, as well as the No. 1 source of import and the biggest investment country of Korea. With the spreading of the Korean popular culture in China, brand loyalty to Korean products is improved. Taking the Chinese market as the basis, this research aims to make an analysis of the implications of 'Korean Wave', Korean advertisements and the image of Korea on brand loyalty to cosmetics made in Korea. To achieve the research aim, questionnaires were used in conducting the survey, mainly in Beijing. Excluding the invalid ones, altogether 180 questionnaires were collected, based on which an empirical analysis was carried out on the correlation between 'Korean Wave', effects of Korean advertisements, image of Korea, brand recognition, and brand loyalty to products made in Korea. The major analyzing tools are SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 20.0. The findings are as follows: 1. Korean films, dramas, and attachment for Korean movie stars (representative of 'Korean Wave') all have a positive influence on brand loyalty. Recognition of the country image of Korea, to some extent, also has positive implications on brand recognition. 2. Empirical analysis assists in the testing of the degree of recognition and attachment of cosmetics made in Korea, as well as brand loyalty to them.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.574-587
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• 2015

This quantitative study helps develop a measurement tool for consumer experiences inside and outside of a fashion brand store in a large shopping center along with a previous qualitative study that utilized a consumer interview. An expert group interview was conducted to verify the result of the previous qualitative study. Subjects were selected through convenient sampling. A self-administered questionnaire was developed to collect the data. We used 666 questionnaires for data analysis. To analyze data, reliability analysis, factor analysis, correlation analysis and measurement equivalence verification were conducted with a statistical package of SPSS 21.0 and Amos 18.0. We used 27 questions in 8 factors for consumer experience inside of the fashion brand store: fashion product, VMD, salesperson responsiveness, salesperson specialty, salesperson's special treatment, salesperson's respect for customers, and positive/negative emotion. We used 27 questions concerning seven factors for the consumer experience outside of a fashion brand store that encompasses a large shopping center: experience with brand and product category diversity, experience with promotion and event, esthetic experience, experience with culture and entertainment, experience with recreational behavior, experience with reputation and sense of pride, and experience with customers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.4 no.1 s.7
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• pp.4-11
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• 2006

Masstige goods aimed consumers who want the fame and the emotional contents with reasonable price are presented overall and around the life style, from all the fashion items like bag and apparel to car, electric household, food, sports goods, furniture, toys, pets and performance of art, etc. Masstige casual, essentially different from the passed casuals which emphasized only price strategy, appeals to teenagers and young of twenties with a definite brand concept. Therefore masstige casual might be separated from business casual of a target aged thirties. Established celebrity brands have launched masstige brands matching the popularization of prestige goods. Armani Exchange from Armani, Marc by Marc Jacobs from Louis Vuitton are representative ones. DKNY from Donna Karen, MiuMiu from Prada, Paul smith Pink from Paul Smith can be added. These are relatively inexpensive, however the quality, design and shop's atmosphere are more exclusive than general brands. Consumers are over middle class and have a pride and fidelity to those brands. Leading Masstige trend, new luxury brands put the importance to the quality and aims middle class. To succeed in this field, companies should know exactly what consumers want, considering not only functional aspect but also emotional pleasure. Even though masstige has a weakness in pricing, it has to keep brand's proper benefit. Its price range could be wide to be in great demand but has to have elasticity and not to be expanded too much. Masstige industry should do its best not to damage original brand's identity. Forming family brand, like Armani made Georgic Armani, Emporio Armani and Armani exchange, system of parent brand and sub brands would be recommendable. From the launching time, masstige needs the effects to create a sensation and bring it into vogue and offer emotional value to the consumers.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.90-102
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• 2004

The purpose of this research is to identify the phases of the fashion merchandising process and the range of the fashion designer's work as well as performing degree at each stage according to the brand types of domestic women's apparel. The preliminary research was conducted with the chief designers of five woman's apparel manufactures located in Seoul and the questionnaires were collected from 192 fashion designers. They were measured by the five point Likert-type scales. For a data analysis, the Pearson's Correlation, ANOVA, Sheffe Test, MANOVA were used with SPSS V. 11.0. The results are as follows; 1. The steps which fashion designers of domestic apparel brand take in fashion merchandising process have been identified in 7 stages- Environment Information, Target Market Planning, Design Planning, Design Development, Price Settlement, Presentation & Line Release, Production. 2. The task achievement level of fashion designers in fashion merchandising process differs in brand types as well as in fashion merchandising stages. In NB, the designer's work was conducted in order of Design Planning(M=4.58)$\to$Presentation & Line release(M=4.31)$\to$ Environment Information(M=3.83)$\to$Target Market Planning(M=3.13). In DB, in order of Price Settlement (M=4.80)$\to$Production(M=4.33)$\to$Design Development(M=4.27)$\to$Design Planning(M=3.77)$\to$Presentation & Line release(M=3.20)$\to$Environment Information (M2.70). In GB, in order of Production(M=4.38)$\to$Design Planning(M=4.22)$\to$Price Settlement(M4.16)$\to$Environment Information(M=3.83)$\to$Merchandising Target Market (M=3.72)$\to$Design Development(M=3.65). 3. Considering the other factors such as sales, the amount of owning shops, item amounts that are related to the company size, this study shows that only the brand type affects designer's task achievement.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.76-92
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to analyze the general wearing attitude & brand Image Perception for Golf Wear in wearer's mind, and to investigate the brand preference on the image characteristics of golf wear, and to find out the wearer's purchasing point for golf wear, for developing the possibility and strategy of the golf wear market for the apparel marketers and manufacturers. For this study, the data obtained from 210 respondents were analyzed by the descriptive statistics, Pearson's simple correlation, Crossing Analysis, parato graph. The results from the study were as follow : The respondents who were specially wearing for golf game were 23.3%(49 persons) among the 210 respondents. The 210 respondents evaluated highly the features of golf wear, such as design(51%), quality(44.3%), materials(36.2%), color(35.2%), size(21.0%), as the purchasing point for golf shirts, otherwise, the 210 respondents evaluated lowly the social aspects of golf wear, such as, fashion conformity, brand loyalty and promotion. And the most important material features for the golf wear was the elasticity, speed dryness by the 210 respondents The most frequent brand by 207 respondents described in the free style was Daks(11.1%) and Ping(11.1%). The 205 respondents described in the free style evaluated Daks(14.6%) as the most preference brand. The reason for the most preference brand was based with the comfort and pleasure of design, quality, color, size, materials.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.65-77
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• 2021

This paper conducted an empirical study to identify the causal relationship of factors affecting the purchase intention of automobiles from the customer's point of view. This study sets the purchase intention as a result variable and constructs a causal model with brand image, product attributes (exdogenous variable), and customer value (endogenous variable) as a cause that affects purchase intention. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, the symbolic image of the brand was found to have a very significant effect on customer value (p=0.01), and the external attribute of the product also had a significant effect on customer value (p=0.1). Second, customer value was found to have a very significant effect on purchase intention (p=0.01), and the functional image of the brand also had a significant effect on purchase intention (p=0.1). Third, there is a strong positive (+) correlation between the functional image of the brand and the symbolic image of the brand, the intrinsic attribute of the product, and the external attribute of the product, and also between the symbolic image of the brand and the intrinsic attribute of the product and There was also a positive (+) correlation between extrinsic attributes. Therefore, in order to increase customer value, automobile manufacturing companies have a functional value of products from a customer-oriented perspective. It is judged that every effort should be made to maintain a lasting relationship by grasping the values of customers, which are social values, emotional values, situational values, and cognitive values.