• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.1879-1887
• /
• 2013

To investigate the level of genotoxicity over Bangkok atmosphere, $PM_{10}$ samples were collected at the Klongchan Housing Authority (KHA), Nonsree High School (NHS), Watsing High School (WHS), Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT), Chokchai 4 Police Station (CPS), Dindaeng Housing Authority (DHA) and Badindecha High School (BHS). For all monitoring stations, each sample covered a period of 24 hours taken at a normal weekday every month from January-December 2006 forming a database of 84 individual air samples (i.e. $12{\times}7=84$). Atmospheric concentrations of low molecular weight PAHs (i.e. phenanthrene, anthracene, pyrene and fluoranthene) were measured in $PM_{10}$ at seven observatory sites operated by the pollution control department of Thailand (PCD). The mutagenicity of extracts of the samples was compared in Salmonella according to standard Ames test method. The dependence of the effects on sampling time and on sampling location was investigated with the aid of a calculation of mutagenic index (MI). This MI was used to estimate the increase in mutagenicity above background levels (i.e. negative control) at the seven monitoring sites in urban area of Bangkok due to anthropogenic emissions within that area. Applications of the AMES method showed that the average MI of $PM_{10}$ collected at all sampling sites were $1.37{\pm}0.10$ (TA98; +S9), $1.24{\pm}0.08$ (TA98; -S9), $1.45{\pm}0.10$ (TA100; +S9) and $1.30{\pm}0.09$ (TA100; -S9) with relatively less variations. Analytical results reconfirm that the particulate PAH concentrations measured at PCD air quality monitoring stations are moderately low in comparison with previous results observed in other countries. In addition, the concept of incremental lifetime particulate matter exposure (ILPE) was employed to investigate the potential risks of exposure to particulate PAHs in Bangkok atmosphere.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.22 no.9
• /
• pp.1153-1160
• /
• 2013

While a range of natural organic matter (NOM) types can generate high levels of disinfection by-products (DBPs) after chlorination, there is little understanding of which specific compounds act as precursors. Use of eight model compounds allows linking of explicit properties to treatability and DBP formation potential (DBPFP). The removal of model compounds by various treatment processes and their haloacetic acid formation potential (HAAFP) before and after treatment were recorded. The model compounds comprised a range of hydrophobic (HPO) and hydrophilic (HPI) neutral and anionic compounds. On the treatment processes, an ozone oxidation process was moderate for control of model compounds, while the HPO-neutral compound was most treatable with activated carbon process. Biodegradation was successful in removing amino acids, while coagulation and ion exchange process had little effect on neutral molecules. Although compared with the HPO compounds the HPI compounds had low HAAFP the ozone oxidation and biodegradation were capable of increasing their HAAFP. In situations where neutral or HPI molecules have high DBPFP additional treatments may be required to remove recalcitrant NOM and control DBPs.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.5-17
• /
• 1996

The purpose of this study was to identify the differences of the outcomes of visiting nursing service (VNS) between the two types by the organizational structure of health centers. Type I referred to 3 health centers with departmentalization for VNS and type II of 3 health centers providing VNS under the subunit of a department. Data were collected from 38 visiting nurses at the six health centers for their perceived formalization, decision-making authority and job satisfaction, 293 clients for the satisfaction level with VNS served and their records analysis for level of quality care and frequency by the contents of VNS through the questionares during the period from June, 1 to August 30, 1993. Data were analyzed using $\chi^2$, F. t or/and Scheffe test. The result were as follows: 1) There were no significant differences in perceived formalization and decision -making authority of visiting nurses between the two types of health centers. 2) There were significant differences in the level of quality care and frequency of the VNS contents between the two types of health centers. 3) There were no significant differences in perceived clients' satisfaction and job satisfaction of the visting nurses between the two types of health centers. From this study, Not only organizational differentiation with the development of job standards and supportive system but also personnel development are suggested when new health care service in health centers begins.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.46 no.5
• /
• pp.470-481
• /
• 2013

This study provides standardized scientific criteria for education materials on nutrition and diet that could be used in schools, workplaces, and health and medical facilities. The study was conducted from April 2011 to October 2011. Literature reviews, institutional visits, and telephone interviews were conducted for the first draft of the accreditation criteria. Expert meeting and advisory councils were conducted in order to obtain feedback after development of the first draft of accreditation criteria. In order to verify the validity and reliability of the first draft on certification criteria, a survey was sent out to 143 professionals, including professors, researchers, health and medical experts, teachers, nutrition teachers, dietitians, and clinical nutritionists. After several modifications, the final accreditation criteria were established for 1) printed materials (authority, credibility, objectivity, organization, editing, real-life usability, activities and participation, and public interest), 2) web-sites (authority, credibility, objectivity, design, real-life usability, accessibility, currency, and public interest) and 3) materials with activities (credibility, organization, design, convenience of utilizing, safety, and public interest). Out of several criteria, contents (authority, credibility. and objectivity) and publicity (public interest) areas are mandatory requirements. For the accreditation, books for learning and materials with activities are required to meet more than six evaluation components, and the other materials are required to meet more than five evaluation components, including the required area. Accreditation criteria developed in this study could be used as a standard for development or selection of good education materials for nutrition and dietary life.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.29-42
• /
• 2005

The passenger security screening is a mandatory procedure for boarding the aircraft according to ICAO standard as well as national law of each country. The enhanced threat of terrorism have had the security procedure strengthened since 9/11 events. However the effectiveness of passenger screening is not satisfactory and the service level for passenger is getting worse because of tightened security measurements. This research studied the responsibility issue for the enhancement of the effectiveness and service quality in passenger security screening. The study concluded that a desirable responsibility assignment for passenger screening is to the airport authority at normal time and to the government authority at the time of high threat.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
• /
• v.3
• /
• pp.79-88
• /
• 1976

In Ecorea Lrynasty, the authority all officers a compulsary obligatic.~ to learn the Nyo-I~.'z~\ulcorneruzngd er the custody of a super1 iscr o; Letters wino -1 a\ulcorner the ~ejponsible officer to train ci~ril senants. The Nyo-Kjli ilg was possible to interpret the pious love of ci I illans to the~re lders as a mutual ethics between the parental ber~ec;~lc nce and the filial piety of inferiors which n-as far superior to the traditional cthic; that was laid on an firm obligation of inieri~rs to tEei:- elders. The filial piety as a lovc for elders mean2 a mutual harrn~n:a~n d show\ulcorner a berieiolent conduct as an influence of a political morality. Thc heaer-o!erLt conduct was developed as a political morality of Confucius originated from the filial piety of Confucius based on a moral policj . Such a kenerolent conduct is to become a main spring to effect a mutual tie betn-een the king and his people as a national system of the Confucian theory. In i*

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.478-486
• /
• 2011

This study is to analyze the symbolic images appeared in modern fashion design adopted dualistic meanings in uniforms. Uniforms signify order, conformity and discipline in public life. The dualistic meanings in uniforms appeared modern times are as follows: public authority vs individual non-authority, heterosexual identity vs homosexual identity, time-space uniformity vs mixed diversity. The symbolic images appeared in modern fashion design adopted dualistic meanings in uniforms such as military uniforms, school uniforms, nurses' uniforms, sports uniforms and etc. are erotic image, hybrid image, and kitsch image.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.23-26
• /
• 2012

This study was conducted on 85 non-racing pleasure horses raised in Busan race park of Korea Racing Authority to investigate the prevalence of stereotypic behavioral problems in horses. the observation had been continued from March to October of 2010, and the study animals included warm-bloods, Jeju ponies and donkeys. Although there was no temperament problem detected, a wide range of well-known stable vices were observed in 15 horses. The most frequently observed stereotype was cribbing (8.2%), and it was followed by weaving (1.2%), biting (1.2%), eating too fast (1.2%), pawing (1.2%) and scraping the teeth on something (1.2%) with the equal prevalence rate. These behavioral disorders were only detected in warm-bloods, while those were absent in Jeju ponies and donkeys. In addition, primary behavioral disorders were more dominant than mimicking behaviors.

• Korean Security Journal
• /
• no.3
• /
• pp.251-272
• /
• 2000

Attempts have also been made to locate security in the so-called 'policingdivision of labour' In order to understand this, it is necessary to identify some of the links which exist between public police organizations and the private security sector. Such links can be divided into six types : 1) Interpersonal links, 2) Joint operations, 3) Exchange of services, 4) Granting of special powers, 5) Public bodies hiring private personnel, 6) New organizational. Van Reenen provides a useful outline of the different dimensions of future Glibalization of policing. Developments, he suggests, are likely to proceed in four directions : 1) Co-operation : at this level, the nature and powers of national police systems are not required to change, co-operation occurring between self-standing forces. 2) Horizontal integration : this arises when officers obtain authority to operate in another country, or where government officials from one country get authority over the police in another country. 3) Vertical integration : this exists when a police organization is created which can operate within the area of the EC as a whole. 4) Competition : the internationalization of policing in Europe presents itself, more and more, as a market in which different policing systems trade their products.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
• /
• no.35
• /
• pp.209-216
• /
• 2013

2002년 한국의 국가기록원과 몽골국가기록원 간에 협력협정이 체결된 후 10년간 수많은 협력활동이 있었다. 다수 몽골국가기록원 직원이 한국에서 직무연수를 받았으며 2006년과 2007년에 한국국가기록원, UNESCO 등과 공동으로 기록유산보존을 위한 기술적 협력활동이 수행되었다. 이 학술회의에서는 한국의 기록물의 물리적 보존 기술이 소개되었다. 또한 몽골국가기록원 소장 한국관련 기록의 번역 사업이 추진되었다. 2008년에는 새로운 국가기록보존서고를 건축하는데 필요한 전반적인 자문을 받았다. 2010년 이후에도 한국-몽골 간에 기록전문가 훈련 파견 및 교류활동이 지속되었다. 몽골정부는 서고 신축에 이어 현대적인 정보기술에 의한 기록보존을 위해 노력하고 있다.