• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.21-38
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• 2019

Korean agricultural industry has weakened as demand for domestic agricultural products has declined due to accelerating market liberalization, aging and shrinking of rural population, and stagnating rural households' incomes. On the other hand, as the forth industrial revolution unfolds in earnest, tremendous changes are expected, and those changes won't be confined to certain industries but would shaken the world we know of entirely. Smart farm, which is one example of the fourth industrial revolution, is increasingly being recognized as a new growth engine for the future as smart farm and the science and technology behind it, not the size of arable land, will determine competitiveness of the agricultural industry and drive agricultural productivity and managerial efficiency. In consideration that John W. Kingdon's Multiple Streams Framework has recently been presented as an important theoretical model in the policy field, this study analyzed problem stream, policy stream, and political stream in the process of forming the smart farm policy, and looked into what role the government played as policy entrepreneur in policy window. The smart farm policy was put on policy agenda by the government and was approved when the government announced the Smart Farm Plan together with relevant ministries at the 5th Economy-Related Ministers' Meeting held in April 2018. This suggests that change of the government is the most critical factor in political stream, and explicitly indicates the importance of politics in formation of an agricultural policy. In addition, actual outcome of the policy and how policy alternatives that will enhance people's understanding will support it seem to be the key to success. It also shows that it is important that policy alternatives be determined based on sufficient discussion amongst stakeholders.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.89-97
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• 2018

This is a comparative study on the policy of Korea and Japan for improving upland farming mechanization. Purpose of the study is to set a policy direction of improving efficiency of farm management by using agricultural machinery. Research topic is the agricultural mechanization policy at the national level. The research attempts to classify mechanization policies into framework plan, R&D, rent and lease program, upland farm promotion policies. Major features of the comparative analysis are followed. First, there is a similarity between policies of Korea and Japan in terms of the aim of framework plan and other policies settings. However, Japanese policies focus more on the joint management of farming than Korean policies. Japanese policies take an entire system covering from farm to market into account. Second, Japanese policies have much attention to the agricultural organizations such as corporate, cooperatives that are eligible for using agricultural machinery. This is different from Korean policy. Thus, upland farming mechanization policy needs to set priority, and to have systemic approach. Also, upland farming mechanization policy has to be facilitated in accordance with producer organizations and their marketing strategies.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.515-532
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• 2002

Planning Support System (PSS), an alternative framework of computer-aided planning system combining geographic information system (GIS), urban models, and visualization tools, has been actively researched and applied in many developed countries. This paper introduces a PSS-based land use change model, What if\ulcorner PSS, by applying it to Chongju City, Korea. This model application study used the spatial database, Restricted Development Zone (RDZ), and other hypothetical land supply- and demand-related policies of Chongju City. The collaborative PSS model supported land use planning process by helping users to speedily and easily create and test policy-oriented scenarios. The study found that the fully operational PSS model was readily applicable and useful to Korean local land use planning. The paper discusses the conceptual model framework, data requirement, application process, model output, and practical usage. This study would be considered as a prototypical approach of PSS-based land use plan making for Korean cities.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.77-93
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• 2021

This study is based on a review of how and in which stages evidence can be used, in practice, in the policy process and proposes an information analysis framework capable of inducing continuous interaction among stakeholders and an operation procedure that allows experts to reconcile conflicts through the analyzed information. In particular, it focuses on the strategic planning process carried out in the policy formation stage of the R&D policy process, which promotes the creation of knowledge related to science and technology required to improve national competitiveness and solve social and environmental problems. Conflicts are negotiated and resolved by ensuring rationality in the policy process, following the operation procedure and inducing communication between the stakeholders participating in national R&D strategic planning related to the issue of population aging throughout utilizing the provided useful information. Our results showed that the proposed operating procedures and information analysis framework had a positive effect on the communication-oriented shift. Thus, in order to promote conflict management, an agreed operating procedures and information analysis framework should be established between stakeholders, thereby reducing a conflict of opinions in advance. This article realizes the true meaning of movement of evidence-based policies. In addition, the framework is helping support evidence-based R&D policies by strengthening rational behavior.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-29
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• 2018

With the constant growth of R&D investment, it has been increasingly necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of R&D performance and there is a high emphasis on ensuring the accountability and effectiveness of R&D programs. The evaluation of performance of a firm is especially necessary in times of economic downturn to justify R&D investment. However, there is a marked shortage of clear guidelines as to where and how particular metrics are used to measure the output and outcome of R&D activity in firms. Many firms have difficulties in selecting appropriate indicators for their R&D and financial performances. To fill this gap, this article discusses and presents the findings from the literature in such a way that they become useful for researchers or managers who are in charge of measuring the R&D and business performances arising from innovation activities. Finally, based on the findings about metrics of R&D performance, this article proposes the hypothetical framework to investigate the relationship between technology forecasting, strategic technology planning, and business performance. The framework of this article will assist policy makers, universities, research institutes/national laboratories, and companies to enhance their decision making process in technology development.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.18-29
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• 2017

Background: In Korea, the problem of physician workforce imbalances has been a debated issue for a long time. This study aimed to draw key lessons and policy implications to Korea by analyzing projection models of physician demand/supply among five countries. Methods: We adopted theoretical framework and analyzed detail indicators used in projection models of demand/supply comparatively among countries. A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar with key search terms and it was complimented with hand searching of grey literature in Korean or English. Results: As a results, Korea has been used a supply-based traditional approach without taking various variables or environmental factors influencing on demand/supply into consideration. The projection models of USA and Netherlands which considered the diversity of variables and political issues is the most closest integrated approach. Based on the consensus of stakeholder, the evolved integrated forecasting approach which best suits our nation is needed to minimize a wasteful debate related to physician demand/supply. Also it is necessary to establish the national level statistics indices and database about physician workforce. In addition, physician workforce planning will be discussed periodically. Conclusion: We expect that this study will pave the way to seek reasonable and developmental strategies of physician workforce planning.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.96-114
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• 2022

This study aimed to present a policy direction that could preemptively respond to urban development by analyzing past trends and predicting future changes in urban logistics in South Korea. In particular, the scope of the study was centered on changes in the national and regional logistics master plans presented in a framework that acted on logistics policy. So, the study examined the policy changes related to urban logistics from the past to the present based on the national logistics master plan and identified a national policy base to respond to the expected changes in the logistics environment in the future. Moreover, by combining this base with the contents of the urban logistics master plan of Seoul, we proposed a logistics policy that should be continued or newly added to the urban logistics master plan. Policy proposals were also presented by dividing the future logistics environment changes into policy, social, and technological changes. In particular, the policies were proposed in urban planning (10 policies), transportation planning and ITS (8 policies), logistics technology and ITS (6 policies), and laws and systems (8 policies). Regarding policy continuity, 15 policies needed to be continued, and 17 policies were to be introduced later.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.83-95
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• 2016

Strategies for parks and open spaces in the 21st century have moved from focusing on specific elements, such as quantitative growth and ecological and recreational aspects, to green infrastructure, which refers to a multi-functional network of open and green spaces offering a range of benefits. In the case of London, green infrastructure is realised as an integral part of urban infrastructure, involving physical and social infrastructure as well as practical spatial planning at the local level within statutory urban planning as part of a continuously developing green infrastructure framework with a theoretical basis. Taking this perspective, the present study looks at alterations to and developments in green infrastructure policies in the London Plan, the green grid framework as detailed in the city's strategic implementation of green infrastructure. Various trends and characteristics of the policies adopted in the London Plan and some implications are deduced, with three main results being identified. The first is a clear division of roles among the national government, Greater London Authority and borough councils, with local plans established under the guidance of the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) and the London Plan. Green infrastructure policies in the London Plan have been applied at a high rate in the boroughs' local plans, which leads to another, linked point. Secondly, green infrastructure policies and the green grid as an implementation framework have been consistently extended and developed through consolidating the London Plan, despite the change of government. Finally, in order to achieve the London Plan, the Mayor of London implemented policies by partnership and supporting programmes for London boroughs. Recently, the Seoul Metropolitan Authority introduced a parks and green spaces development policy, but the London case remains a good example; this is because green infrastructure policies in London were not a manifesto pledge but rather have been continuously and consistently advanced regardless of party politics and thus realised as long-term planning.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.84-101
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• 2014

The aim of this project is to develop an adaptive and collective National Marine Biotechnology Plan for the next decade(2014~2023) which is able to reflect current and future changing environment. This effective strategy targets to foster marine-derived active bio-materials, marine bioenergy production technology and many promising technologies in order to promote marine biotechnology industry as a next-generation growth engine. Marine biotechnology industry based on R&D activities since 1980 has been growing as an emerging industry. This new field enables to secure exclusive patent rights and to find new potential bio-active materials from the ocean that requires long-term aggressive R&D investments. The current policy direction is to raise appropriate level of R&D investment because the current Korea's national marine biotechnology R&D fund ratio is less than 2% of the total national biotechnology R&D budget. The result shows three major strategies. First, it recommended a research implementation system and supporting policy that includes establishment of open innovation framework for the 'Industry-Academia-Research Institute Collaborations', strategic research planning and enhanced policy making process. Second, it derived state-of-the-art or new technology in many areas. Third, it formulated more detailed execution plans for successful R&D support and set up performance indicator system in related R&D program.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.43-73
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• 2014

Cities in Korea have rapidly urbanized and they are not well prepared for natural disasters which have been increased by climate change. In particular, they often struggle with urban flooding. Recently, green infrastructure has been emphasized as a critical strategy for flood mitigation in developed countries due to its capability to infiltrate water into the ground, provide the ability to absorb and store rainfall, and contribute to mitigating floods. However, in Korea, green infrastructure planning only focuses on esthetic functions or accessibility, and does not think how other functions such as flood mitigation, can be effectively realized. Based on this, we address this critical gap by suggesting the new green infrastructure planning framework for improving urban water cycle and maximizing flood mitigation capacity. This framework includes flood vulnerability assessment for identifying flood risk area and deciding suitable locations for green infrastructure. We propose the use of the combination of frequency ratio model and GIS for flood vulnerability assessment. The framework also includes the selection process of green infrastructure practices under local conditions such as geography, flood experience and finance. Finally, we applied this planning framework to the case study area, namely YeonJe-gu an Nam-gu in Busan. We expect this framework will be incorporated into green infrastructure spatial planning to provide effective decision making process regarding location and design of green infrastructure.