• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.228-237
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• 2004

ASE (accelerated solvent extraction) was used to develop an analytical method for reducing the sample preparation time in pesticide residues analyses of agricultural produce. The conditions of ASE were as follows: preheat 1 min, heat 5 min, static 1 min, solvent flush% 60 vol., nitrogen purge 60 sec, 4 cycles, 1,500 psi pressure, and $100^{\circ}C$ temperature. When n-hexane:acetone (4 : l, v/v) was used as, an extraction solvent, the extraction and purification efficiency of ASE did not show the considerable difference compared with solvent extraction, and the reduction of extraction solvent did not affect the performance of extraction. It was proved that ASE method can reduce, sample preparation time as the extraction and purification steps were combined, and the extraction solvent was significantly reduced.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.245-256
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• 2008

The current legislation in South Korea clearly states that the tolerance threshold on the adventitious presence of GMO in environment-friendly agricultural products is 3.0% and no GM seed should be detected in their planting seed batches. To date, in Korea, there is no approved GM crop for commercial cultivation in field. However, several GM crops including rice, Chinese cabbage, potato and wild turf grass are currently under risk assessment for their environmental release. Also Korean government (Rural Development Administration, RDA) announced that 11 institutes including universities have been currently certified to carry out a risk assessment of GM crops. Meanwhile, the cultivated area and certified quantities of environment-friendly crops (organic, pesticide-free and low-pesticide) are sharply increasing every year according to the report of National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service (NAQS). In detail, in 2007, the certified quantities of environment-friendly agricultural products were elevated up to 100-fold for organic, 171-fold for pesticide-free and 2,324-fold for low-pesticide crops when compared with those in 1999. The total certified quantity of environment-friendly cereal crops in 2007 was equivalent to 6.4% of total production of cereal crops. Moreover, 24% of total production of root and tuber crops such as potato and sweet potato were certified for environment-friendly agricultural products. In these circumstances, I strongly suggest that current legislations on GM crop's safety management should be revised to include strategies for the coexistence of GM with non-GM crops, especially environment-friendly crops before GM crop is approved to be cultivated for commercialization. Since all types of crops are grown in an open environment, the adventitious presence of GM crops among non-GM crops is inevitable if appropriate measures for coexistence are not established for species by species such as isolation distance, workable management measures to minimize admixture.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the feed value and silage quality according to storage period and film layers in whole crop oat silage. The crude protein content was increased in all silage during the storage periods compared to those before silage, under prolonged storage period slightly and the number of film layers of silage, six layer were higher than four layers, but no significant. NDF and ADF contents were also increased in all silage of storage duration compared to those before silage, but they was similar level between storage duration and number of film layers. TDN content was decreased of the storage duration. However, it was similar under the storage duration and the number of film layers. The pH value was decreased during prolonged storage period and six layers was lower than four layers depending on the film layers. In the organic acid contents, lactic acid and acetic acid were increased under the prolonged storage duration, and butyric acid was higher significantly(p<0.05), six layers of the film were showed higher lactic acid and lower butyric acid(p<0.05). Therefore, oat silage should be used within 6 months it was when treated with 4 layers, if considering the long-term storage, it is desirable to treat it with 6 layers or more.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.307-313
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the residual characteristics of fungicide azoxystrobin and difenoconazole in Prunus mume fruits, and establish pre-harvest residue limits (PHRL) based on dissipation and biological half-lives of fungicide residues. The fungicides were sprayed onto the crop at recommended dosage once and 3 times in 7 days interval, respectively. The samples were harvested at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 days after treatment. These residual pesticides were extracted with QuEChERS method, clean-up with $NH_2$ SPE cartridge, and residues were analyzed by HPLC/DAD and GLC/ECD, respectively. Method quantitative limits (MQL) of azoxystrobin were 0.03 mg $kg^{-1}$ and of difenoconazole were 0.006 mg $kg^{-1}$. Average recovery were $93.2{\pm}2.49%$, $85.5{\pm}1.97%$ for azoxystrobin at fortification levels at 0.3 and 1.5 mg $kg^{-1}$, and $100.8{\pm}6.74%$, $87.6{\pm}9.92%$ for difenoconazole at fortification levels at 0.06 and 0.3 mg $kg^{-1}$, respectively. The biological half-lives of azoxystrobin were 5.9 and 5.2 days at recommended dosage once and 3 times in 7 days interval, respectively. The biological half-lives of difenoconazole were 9.3 and 8.0 days at recommended dosage once and 3 times in 7 days interval, respectively. The PHRL of azoxystrobin and difenoconazole were recommended as 5.32 and 1.64 mg $kg^{-1}$ for 10 days before harvest, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.12
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• pp.1785-1791
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• 2012

This study aimed to characterize and compare makgeolli (a Korean rice wine) made using different raw materials. Five cultivars of rice and wheat flour were used as starch materials for makgeolli and assessed for their moisture, crude lipid, crude protein, and crude dietary fiber content. Overall, wheat flour was higher in crude lipid and crude protein and lower in moisture than rice. Makgeolli characteristics were assessed for pH, total acids, organic acids, free sugars, color and appearance. We found no significant differences in pH and total acids between makgeolli made from rice and wheat flour. In addition, the major free sugar in the makgeolli made from rice and wheat flour was glucose, although the content of total free sugars was lower in the wheat flour makgeolli (67.75 mg/mL) than the rice makgeolli (76.41~84.53 mg/mL). In terms of organic acids content, the total organic acid content was highest in the wheat flour makgeolli, while the major organic acids of the makgeolli made from rice and wheat flour were lactic acid and succinic acid, respectively. There were no significant differences in color values among rice makgeolli, but the rice makgeolli was higher in sensory scores (indicating preference) than the wheat flour makgeolli. As the degree of milling increased, moisture, crude lipid, and crude protein in the rice decreased. Acetic acid in the makgeolli also decreased, while there were no significant differences in pH, total acids, free sugars, color values, and sensory scores (except fruitiness). Traditional nuruk (TN) and cultured nuruk (CN) were compared as fermentation starters. Nuruk is a Korean traditional starter for fermentation of makgeolli and a raw material for makgeolli making. The pH in the makgoelli made with TN and CN were 4.29~4.65 and 4.02~4.23, respectively. Total organic acid content was higher in the TN makgeolli (3.5~6.3 mg/mL) compared to the CN makgeolli (2.3~4.3 mg/mL). The content of free sugars in the makgeolli made with CN was higher (59.44~73.34 mg/mL) than that with TN (56.45~59.75 mg/mL). The Hunter color test showed that makgeolli made with TN was lighter and higher in red and yellow color compared to CN. Overall sensory acceptability was higher in the CN makgeolli compared to the TN makgeolli.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.549-555
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• 2014

The geographical origin of commercial red ginseng concentrate was studied using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The ginsenoside content of domestic and Chinese red ginseng concentrates was determined. Four types of suspected origin samples could be selected this technique. The LC-MS/MS data were statistically analyzed on the basis of canonical function analysis and principal component analysis. Domestic and Chinese samples could be discriminated via canonical function analysis using posterior probability. In addition, the mixture ratio (Korean or Chinese origin) of the unknown origin specimen could be predicted based on the relationship between the mixing concentration of red ginseng concentrates and principal component 1.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.115-123
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• 2013

Food safety management should be based on scientific evidences. FAO and WHO presented risk analysis as one of four principles in food safety management. WTO also admits the self safety regulation only when it is made on the basis of risk assessment. Without scientific analysis, tracing and eliminating the cause of food poisoning is impossible. Research and development plays a key role to produce scientific evidences. The Korean government ran over 40 programs in 11 agencies from 2008 to 2010. However, there is no statistics on food safety R&D at present. In this research, food safety projects conducted from 2008 to 2010 are listed up by means of analysing National Science and Technology Information Service (NTIS). The analytical criteria are the name of programs, national standard classification of science and technology, and keywords. As result, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, and Rural Development Administration play major role in the food safety R&D. The portion of more than one year projects should rise up in order to achieve the data for risk assessment, which is strongly required to improve. Besides, the research should be deeper so as to publish more SCI papers. The R&D portfolio should be changed in direction to raise up the portion of biological hazards such as norovirus. In order to do so, a large number of food safety programs should be emerged. The categories of food safety management and the hygiene/quality management of the agricultural and livestock products in the national standard classification of science and technology should be emerged because they are set up reflecting agencies' interests in spite of few differences between them.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.219-226
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• 2019

This study was conducted to understand the overall status of the monitoring program for pesticide residues in foods of South Korea. Further propositions for its improvement were made, and from this study, the status on this program can be summarized as follows. In South Korea, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) is responsible for overall control of pesticide residue monitoring. Depending on the time of monitoring (sampling at distribution or production step), the government agency responsible for monitoring is different: MFDS, Regional Offices of Food and Drug Safety and local governments are responsible for monitoring of foods at the distribution step, while the National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service (NAQS) and local governments are responsible for monitoring of foods in the production step (partially at sale and distribution steps). According to purpose of monitoring, domestic monitoring programs could be divided into two types: MFDS's "Residue Survey" and NAQS's "National Residue Survey" are conducted mainly for risk assessment purposes and various monitoring programs by the Regional Offices of Food and Drug Safety and local governments are conducted mainly for regulation purposes. For imported foods, monitoring should be conducted at both steps of customs clearance and distribution: the MFDS and the Regional Offices of Food and Drug Safety are responsible for the former, and for the latter, local governments are also responsible. However, it appeared that systematic and consistent monitoring programs are not being conducted for imported foods at the distribution step. Based on the information described above and more detailed information included in this paper, the following proposals for improving the monitoring program were forwarded: i) further clarification of monitoring program purpose, ii) strengthening of the monitoring program for imported foods, iii) providing the public with monitoring results by publication of an annual report and database. It is thought that exhaustive review on the pesticide residue monitoring program and efforts for its improvement are needed in order to assure both food safety and the success of the recently begun positive list system (PLS).

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.311-317
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between economic traits of Korean cattle (Hanwoo) and genetic variation in fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5) gene within QTL region of carcass weight and marbling score traits on BTA 14. We sequenced for detection of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with 24 unrelated Hanwoo samples and identified four SNPs (-1141A>G, 949A>G, 969A>G and 1085C>G). Relationship between the genotypes of 583 Hanwoo individuals by PCR-RFLP and economic traits were analyzed by the mixed regression model implemented in the ASReml program. As the result of statistical analysis, SNP1 (-1141A>G) showed significant effect (p<0.003) on marbling score (MS) and SNP2 (949A>G) showed significant effect (p<0.034) on eye muscle area (EMA). Further studies are required to validate the significant SNPs in a bigger population, but the SNPs (-1141A>G and 949A>G) of FABP5 could be a genetic marker to estimate molecular breeding value (MEBV) for carcass traits in Hanwoo.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.1523-1528
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• 2012

In a previous proteomic study, heat shock protein beta 1 (HSPB1) was detected as differentially expressed protein in longissimus thoracis between low (grade 3) and high (grade 1++) meat quality groups by 2DE gel electrophoresis. The present study investigated an association of HSPB1 expression at the level of gene and protein with Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBS) measured in 20 Hanwoo steers. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) between expression values and WBS showed that WBS was affected by HSPB1 expression (p<0.05). The expression (at both gene and protein level) of the HSPB1 was 2 times higher in the low WBS group than that in the high WBS group (p<0.01). This result suggests that the HSPB1 gene may be a candidate gene associated with tenderness in longissimus thoracis of Korean cattle.