• 대한한의학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.22-34
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate changes of the marker compounds and anti-inflammatory effect of Gamisoyo-san decoction (GMSYS) depending on storage temperature and periods. Methods: GMSYS was stored at room temperature or refrigeration for 12 months. According to storage temperature and periods, pH and sugar content of GMSYS were measured. To determine the marker compounds of GMSYS, high-performance liquid chromatography analysis was performed. To estimate the anti-inflammatory effect of GMSYS, LPS-induced pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines were measured in RAW 264.7 cells. Results: There was no change in pH and sugar content depending on storage temperature and periods of GMSYS. The contents of gallic acid and mangiferin in both of room temperature and refrigerated decoctions reduced with increasing storage periods. Chlorogenic acid was time-dependently decreased in case of stored at room temperature. GMSYS significantly inhibited the LPS-induced production of nitric oxide, prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) and IL-6 in RAW 264.7 cells. These effects equally maintained up to 3 months at both of room temperature and refrigeration. Since 4 months, the inhibitory effect of GMSYS on LPS-induced $PGE_2$ production was time-dependently reduced, and the decrease in $PGE_2$ inhibitory effect of decoction stored at refrigeration was lower than that of stored at room temperature. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the anti-inflammatory effect of GMSYS are maintained up to 12 months, but it shows optimal efficacy up to 3 months. It is recommended to store in a refrigeration for short periods since some components decrease as storage periods becomes longer.

• 해양환경안전학회:학술대회논문집
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• 해양환경안전학회 2007년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.15-21
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• 2007

본 연구는 최근 우리나라에 영향을 미친 태풍 우사기(USAGI)와 나리 (NARl) 내습시 낙동강 진우도 해안쓰레기량을 조사하고 그 종류 및 구성 성분을 평가하고, 수치모형실험을 통한 태풍 내습 파랑분포와의 상관성을 비교하였다. 그 결과에 따르면, (1) 태풍 내습시 낙동강 하구 진우도 해안쓰레기의 퇴적량은 $5,769.86kg/day/km^2$의 해안쓰레기가 퇴적되는 것으로 산정되었다 이는 평상시보다. 약 14.42배 많은 양이다 (2) 진우도 전면해역에서의 태풍 내습시 파고분포는 4.1- 3.5m였으며, 진우도 전면해역이 도요등 전면해역보다 파고비가 약 1.0배에서 2.5배 상승하여, 파랑에너지의 집중도가 크고, 보다 많은 양의 부유물질(쓰레기)의 밀집이 예상된다.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.543-552
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this descriptive study was to investigate the pattern of physical restraints used in ICUs and to identify influencing factors of application and removal of restraints. Method: The subjects of this study were 90 restrained patients out of 215 patients over 6 years old who were admitted to 6 ICUs in SMC during a 2 weeks period. The data was collected through a questionnaire of characteristics, guidelines and nursing care of restraint uses. The data were analyzed by non-parametric statistic with the use of the SAS program. Results: The restraints were applied to 31.4% of subjects. Mean time of physical restraint was $36.76{\pm}55.7$ hours. There were significant difference with mean time and frequency according to duty shift. GCS, restless behavior and discomfort factors, medical devices, and life sustaining devices had significant relation with application of restraints. In addition, the mean time of restraints used were related significantly with GCS, restless behavior, and discomfort factors. Conclusion: The used of restraints were dependent on mainly the nurses' decision. Thus ICU nurses have to develop the guidelines to applying restraints and removal of restraints in regard to patients rights and ethics. Continuous monitoring and evaluation of application of the restraints is essential in professional nursing.

• Composites Research
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.72-78
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• 2013

불연속 탄소섬유-에폭시 복합재의 저항발열 특성에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 1, 3, 5 wt.% 불연속 탄소섬유가 함유된 복합재 시험편을 초음파 처리와 캐스트 몰딩(cast molding)을 이용하여 제조하였다. 시편에 DC 전류 인가시 발생되는 저항열에 의한 시편의 표면온도 변화를 적외선 카메라를 이용하여 측정하였다. 발열온도를 예측하기 위해서 유한요소해석을 수행하였는데, 실측된 온도와 부합함을 확인하였다. 탄소섬유의 함량과 인가전압이 증가할수록 발열저항에 의해서 발생된 열은 증가함을 확인하였다. 복합재 내에서 균일한 온도분포를 얻기 위해서는 탄소섬유의 분산상태가 중요하며, 대기온과 습도 등 실험환경이 발열온도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.454-464
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• 2018

OECD 분석에 의하면 현재 무형자본이 가장 잘 발달되어 있는 곳은 선진국이다. 무형자본이 경제성장에 긍정적인 영향을 준다는 사실은 이미 많은 연구를 통해 증명되었다. 하지만 같은 무형자본이라 하여도 종류에 따라 경제성장에 미치는 기여도가 다를 수 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 점에 착안하여 무형자본의 특성을 세 가지로 분류하고 차이점을 분석하여 이로부터 시사점을 찾고자 하였다. 무형자본의 종류는 전산화된 정보, 지적재산, 그리고 사업적 역량으로 크게 세 가지로 나누어지는데 본 논문에서는 이 분류를 암묵성의 정도, 생산 및 전파의 속도, 그리고 부가가치의 정도에 따라 새로이 살펴보았다. 본 논문은 Polanyi의 암묵성 정도에 따른 지식 분류, Nonaka-Takeuchi 모델, 그리고 스마일 커브를 이용하여 무형자본의 특성과 차이점을 분석하고, 이를 통해 무형자본 자체에 투자를 늘리는 것도 중요하지만 무형자본 중에서도 가장 암묵적인 특성을 가진 무형자본에 투자하는 것이 경제성장에 더욱 큰 영향을 준다는 점을 도출하였다.

• 대기
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.441-458
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• 2008

A TP/WVP-3000A, ground-based microwave radiometer, that was first introduced to South Korea has been operated since August 22, 2007 at the National Center for Intensive Observation of Severe Weathers (NCIO). Using the dual-band, the radiometer provides temperature and humidity soundings from the surface up to 10 km height with the high-temporal resolution of a few minutes. In this study, the performance of the radiometer on the predictability of the high impact weathers was evaluated and various practical applications were investigated. To verify the retrieved profile data from the radiometer, temperature and relative humidity soundings are compared with those from the rawinsonde launched at the NCIO and Gwangju station. The root mean squared errors for temperature and relative humidity soundings were smaller under rainy weather conditions. The correlation coefficient between PWVs (Precipitable Water Vapors) obtained from the radiometer and Global Positioning System satellite at Mokpo station is 0.92 on average. In order to investigate the structure and characteristics of precipitation, stability indexes related to rainfall such as the Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE), K-index, and Storm RElative Helicity (SREH) were calculated using windprofiler at the NCIO from 14 to 16 September, 2007. CAPE and K-index tended to be large when the thermodynamic unstability was strong. On the other hand, SREH index was dominantly large when the dynamic unstability was strong due to the passage of the typhoon 'Nari'.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.41-53
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• 2020

The production of near- and off-shore fisheries in South Korea is decreasing due to rapid changes in the fishing environment, particularly including higher sea temperature in recent years. To improve the competitiveness of the fisheries, it is necessary to provide fish catch information that changes spatiotemporally according to the sea state. In this study, artificial intelligence models that predict the CPUE (catch per unit effort) of mackerel, anchovies, and squid (Todarodes pacificus), which are three major fish species in the near- and off-shore areas of South Korea, on a 15-km grid and daily basis were developed. The models were trained and validated using the sea surface temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, pressure,sea surface wind velocity, significant wave height, and salinity as input data, and the fish catch statistics of Suhyup (National Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives) as observed data. The 10-fold blind test results showed that the developed artificial intelligence models exhibited accuracy with a corresponding correlation coefficient of 0.86. It is expected that the fish catch models can be actually operated with high accuracy under various sea conditions if high-quality large-volume data are available.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.308-313
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• 2007

A survey of the occurrence of abiotic diseases on kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) trees was conducted at sixty-two kiwifruit orchards in twenty-one locations of Jeonnam and Jeju Provinces in Korea during the 2007 growing season. Various kinds of abiotic diseases were detected on the kiwifruit trees. Malformed fruits caused by incomplete pollination were commonly observed among the normally growing fruits on almost all of the kiwifruit trees examined. Fruits imbued with wire rust, fruits scratched or girdled by the wire and fruits injured by sunscald occurred in all of the examined orchards. Abnormal growth of girdled branches by the fence wire, dead trees killed by excessive soil moisture due to poor draining and leaf chlorosis by nutrient deficiencies were found in some orchards. Leaf spotting by herbicide and leaf scorch or blight by excessively high temperature were observed. Leaf blight on young shoots by late frost and bark split on trunks by freeze occurred in several open-field orchards. Flooding and strong wind damages by attack of typhoon 'Nari' were also found during the survey period. Cup-shaped leaves frequently occurred on young shoots in early spring and the incidence of the syndrome tends to increase annually in recent years, which are not etiologically defined until now.

• 생약학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.172-181
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• 2018

This study was designed to investigate the stability for chemical contents and biological activities of Mahwang-tang (MT) depending on the preservation temperature and periods. MT decoction pouches were preserved for 3 months at room temperature (RT, $23{\pm}1^{\circ}C$) and refrigeration ($4^{\circ}C$). To evaluate the stability of MT decoction, pH and sugar content were estimated. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis were performed to quantify the contents of marker compounds in MT. Anti-inflammatory effects of MT were evaluated to suppress the generation of nitric oxide, prostaglandin $E_2$ and cytokines (tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ and interleukin-6) in the RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Total antioxidant capacity of MT was determined by ABTS radical scavenging activity. The pH of storage method and period showed a tendency to decrease gradually with time. There were no changes in sugar content depending on the preservation temperature and periods of MT decoction. Among the major components of MT, cinnamaldehyde was reduced time-dependently for 3 months of storage at RT. The inflammatory effect and antioxidant capacity of MT were reduced time-dependently at both RT and $4^{\circ}C$. Our results suggest that the preservation period of MT decoction is recommended in refrigeration within 3 months or less rather than at RT.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.107-117
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• 2014

본 연구에서는2007년 제주지역을 강타한 태풍 '나리' 이후 홍수조절을 위해 한천유역에 설치된 저류지의 효과를 정량적으로 평가하였다. 이를 위해 2010년 태풍 '뎬무'의 내습 시, 한천 상 하류에 위치한 하천유량관측소의 자료와 저류지 유입량 자료를 이용하여 한천저류지 운영이 하류지역에 미치는 홍수저감 효과를 검토하였다. 분석결과, 하류지역에서의 실제 하천수위는 3.44m를 기록하였으나, 수위-유량 관계식, 유출전파속도, 저류지 유입량 등을 활용하여 저류지가 운영되지 않았을 경우의 하류지역 하천수위를 분석한 결과 4.16m로 예측되었다. 이와 같은 결과는 한천유역에 설치된 저류지의 홍수저감 효과를 분명하게 보여주는 것으로 향후 유사한 사상에 대해서도 적절한 기여를 할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.