• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2010

The thermal treatment for carbon nanotube was applied to remove the water, metal catalyst and other impurities in carbon nanotube. The surface of carbon nanotube was changed into open structure with acid treatment by mixed solution of $HNO_3$ and $H_2SO_4$. The dispersion property of the functionalized and modified carbon nanotube was assessed with naked eyes by dispersing it in DMF. Carbon nanotube mixd polyurethane film was made to estimate the dispersion property by reflectance of the film with UV-Vis spectrometer. Also the internal structure of carbon nanotube was observed with SEM and TEM and thermal pyrolysis property of the carbon nanotube was measured by TGA and DSC. The surface modification of carbon nanotube by thermal and acid treatments improved the dispersion property of carbon nanotube/polyurethane mixed materials.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.279-284
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• 2017

The formation mechanism and photocatalytic properties of a multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/$TiO_2$-based nanotube (TNTs) composite are investigated. The CNT/TNT composite is synthesized via a solution chemical route. It is confirmed that this 1-D nanotube composite has a core-shell nanotubular structure, where the TNT surrounds the CNT core. The photocatalytic activity investigated based on the methylene blue degradation test is superior to that of with pure TNT. The CNTs play two important roles in enhancing the photocatalytic activity. One is to act as a template to form the core-shell structure while titanate nanosheets are converted into nanotubes. The other is to act as an electron reservoir that facilitates charge separation and electron transfer from the TNT, thus decreasing the electron-hole recombination efficiency.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.264-268
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• 2018

Vertically-aligned $TiO_2$ nanotube electrodes have attracted considerable attention for applications in solar cells, catalysts, and sensors, because of their ideal structure for electron transport and electrolyte diffusion. Here, we prepare vertically-aligned $TiO_2$ nanotube electrodes using a two-step anodization process. The prepared $TiO_2$ nanotube electrodes exhibit uniform pore structures with an inner diameter of ~80-90 nm and wall thickness of ~20-25 nm. In addition, they exhibit an anatase crystal phase after a high-temperature annealing. The annealed $TiO_2$ nanotube electrodes are applied in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) as photoanodes. The fabricated DSSC exhibits conversion efficiencies of 3.46 and 2.15% with liquid- and gel-type electrolytes, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 2014

The $TiO_2$ nanotube/Ti electrode are used as an anode in thin-film lithium microbatteries is known to have high oxidation-reduction potential of 1.8 V (vs. $Li/Li^+$). It can prevent from dendrite growth of lithium during charging. The $TiO_2$ nanotube/Ti electrode was prepared by anodizing at constant voltages for thin-film lithium microbatteries. The capacities of $TiO_2$ nanotube/Ti anode prepared by anodizing at 10 V, 20 V and 30 V were observed to be $23.9{\mu}Ah\;cm^{-2}$, $43.1{\mu}Ah\;cm^{-2}$ and $74.0{\mu}Ah\;cm^{-2}$. We identified it was found that the capacity of $TiO_2$ nanotube/Ti increases with increasing anodizing voltage and the anatase structure of $TiO_2$ nanotube/Ti compared with amorphous structure has batter cycle performance than amorphous $TiO_2$ nanotube/Ti.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.227-234
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• 2003

In this study, an equivalent continuum model for single wall carbon nanotube is proposed. The model links interatomic potentials and atom structure of a materials to a constitutive model on the continuum level. The Young's modulus and shear modulus were predicted by the model. The predictions were in good agreement with the prior experimental results available in the literatures. Also, the strain energy of the carbon nanotube was predicted as a function of the radius of the carbon nanotube.

• Carbon letters
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• v.27
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• pp.12-17
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• 2018

We fabricated a Li-S battery with post-treated carbon nanotube (CNT) films which offered better support for sulfur, and investigated the effect of the surface properties and pore structure of the post-treated CNT films on Li-S battery performance. Post-treatments, i.e., acid treatment, unzip process and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) treatment, effectively modified the surface properties and pore structure of the CNT film. The modified pore structure impacted the ability of the CNT films to accommodate the catholyte, resulting in an increase in initial discharge capacity.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.67 no.6
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• pp.565-578
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• 2018

This research article reported the nonlinear finite solutions of the nonlinear flexural strength and stress behaviour of nano sandwich graded structural shell panel under the combined thermomechanical loading. The nanotube sandwich structural model is derived mathematically using the higher-order displacement polynomial including the full geometrical nonlinear strain-displacement equations via Green-Lagrange relations. The face sheets of the sandwich panel are assumed to be carbon nanotube-reinforced polymer composite with temperature dependent material properties. Additionally, the numerical model included different types of nanotube distribution patterns for the sandwich face sheets for the sake of variable strength. The required equilibrium equation of the graded carbon nanotube sandwich structural panel is derived by minimizing the total potential energy expression. The energy expression is further solved to obtain the deflection values (linear and nonlinear) via the direct iterative method in conjunction with finite element steps. A computer code is prepared (MATLAB environment) based on the current higher-order nonlinear model for the numerical analysis purpose. The stability of the numerical solution and the validity are verified by comparing the published deflection and stress values. Finally, the nonlinear model is utilized to explore the deflection and the stresses of the nanotube-reinforced (volume fraction and distribution patterns of carbon nanotube) sandwich structure (different core to face thickness ratios) for the variable type of structural parameter (thickness ratio, aspect ratio, geometrical configurations, constraints at the edges and curvature ratio) and unlike temperature loading.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.1006-1011
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• 2004

Carbon nanotubes have outstanding properties which make them useful for a number of high-technology applications. Especially, single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT), working under physical conditions (in aqueous solution) and converting electrical energy into mechanical energy directly, can be a good substitute for artificial muscle. The carbon nanotube structure simulated in this paper is an isotropic cantilever type with an adhesive tape which is sandwiched between two SWNTs. For predicting the geometrical and physical parameters such as deflection, slope, bending moment and induced force with various applied voltages, the analytical model for a 3 layer bimorph nanotube actuator is developed by applying Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. The governing equation and boundary conditions are derived from energy Principles. Also, the brief history of carbon nonotube is overviewed and its properties are compared with other functional materials. Moreover, an electro-mechanical coupling coefficient of the carbon nanotube actuator is discussed to identify the electro-mechanical energy efficiency.

• Journal of Information Display
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2006

A 10" carbon nanotube field emission display device was fabricated with a novel structure with a hopping electron spacer (HES) by screen printing technique. HES plays a role of preventing the broadening of electron beams emitted from carbon nanotubes without electrical discharge during operation. The structure of the novel tetrode is composed of carbon nanotube emitters on a cathode electrode, a gate electrode, an extracting electrode coated on the top side of a HES, and an anode. HES contains funnel-shaped holes of which the inner surfaces are coated with MgO. Electrons extracted through the gate are collected inside the funnel-shaped holes. They hop along the hole surface to the top extracting electrode. In this study the effects of the addition of HES on emission characteristics of field emission display were investigated. An active ozone treatment for the complete removal of residues of organic binders in the emitter devices was applied to the field emission display panel as a post-treatment.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2010

Si nanowire/multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposite arrays were synthesized. Vertically aligned Si nanowire arrays were fabricated by Ag nanodendrite-assisted wet chemical etching of n-type wafers using $HF/AgNO_3$ solution. The composite structure was synthesized by formation of a sheath of carbon multilayers on a Si nanowire template surface through a thermal CVD process under various conditions. The results of Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and high resolution transmission electron microcopy demonstrate that the obtained nanocomposite has a Si nanowire core/carbon nanotube shell structure. The remarkable feature of the proposed method is that the vertically aligned Si nanowire was encapsulated with a multiwalled carbon nanotube without metal catalysts, which is important for nanodevice fabrication. It can be expected that the introduction of Si nanowires into multiwalled carbon nanotubes may significantly alter their electronic and mechanical properties, and may even result in some unexpected material properties. The proposed method possesses great potential for fabricating other semiconductor/CNT nanocomposites.