• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.95-101
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• 2015

In this article, we report the fabrication of Li-rich oxide nanoparticles for Li-ion batteries. Li-rich oxides are promising cathode materials because their capacity is much higher than commercial cathode materials. However, they have several disadvantages such as low rate capability due to their low ionic and electronic conductivity. This study focuses on the fabrication of nanoparticles to enhance the rate capability of Li-rich oxide. Two types of surfactants were introduced to disperse the particles and form the nano-sized particles. The Li-rich oxide nanoparticles showed improved rate capability than pristine sample.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.153-159
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• 2007

Nano-Particles are influenced on the environmental protection and human health. The relationships between transient vehicle operation and nano-particle emissions are not well-known, especially for diesel passenger vehicles with DPF. In this study, a diesel passenger vehicle was measured on condition of DPF regeneration and no regeneration on a chassis dynamometer test bench. The particulate matter (PM) emission from this vehicle was measured by its number, size and mass measurement. The mass of the total PM was evaluated with the standard gravimetric measurement method while the total number and size concentrations were measured on a NEDC driving cycle using Condensation Particle Counter (CPC) and EEPS. Total number concentration by CPC was $1.5{\times}10^{1l}N/km$, which was 20% of result by EEPS. This means about 80% of total particle emission is consist of volatile and small-sized particles(<22nm). During regeneration, particle emission was $6.2{\times}10^{12}N/km$, was emitted 400 times compared with the emission before regeneration. As for the particle size of $22{\sim}100nm$ was emitted mainly, showing peak value of near 40nm in size. This means regeneration decreased the mean size of particles. Regarding regeneration, PM showed no change while the particle number showed about 6 times difference between before and after regeneration. It seems that the regeneration influences on particle number emissions are related to DPF-fill state and filtration efficiency.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.94-97
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• 2004

Micro/nano-sized L $a_{0.6}$S $r_{0.4}$Co $O_{3-}$$\delta$/ particles are considered to improve oxygen permeability in highly selective inorganic oxygen separation membrane. A L $a_{0.7}$S $r_{0.3}$G $a_{0.6}$F $e_{0.4}$ $O_{3-}$$\delta$/ membrane with perovskite structure is fabricated by a conventional solid-state reaction. As the oxygen permeation flux of the L $a_{0.7}$S $r_{0.3}$G $a_{0.6}$F $e_{0.4}$ $O_{3-}$$\delta$/ membrane was lower than commercial gas separation membranes, we coated the L $a_{0.6}$S $r_{0.4}$Co $O_{3-}$$\delta$/ particles to enhance the oxygen permeation flux. It has been demonstrated that the effective area of reactive free surface is an important factor in determining the effectiveness of the introduction of coating layer for oxygen permeation. The introduction of micro/nano L $a_{0.6}$S $r_{0.4}$Co $O_{3-}$$\delta$/ particles was very effective for increasing oxygen flux, as the flux was as much as 2 to 6 times higher than that of an uncoated L $a_{0.7}$S $r_{0.3}$G $a_{0.6}$F $e_{0.4}$ $O_{3-}$$\delta$/ membrane.\delta$/ membrane.>/ membrane.brane.

• Journal of Information Display
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.109-112
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• 2010

The solid phase compositions and dielectric properties of silicon nitride ($SiN_x$) films prepared using the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) technique at a low temperature ($200^{\circ}C$) were studied. Controlling the source gas mixing ratio, R = $[N_2]/[SiH_4]$, and the plasma power successfully produced both silicon-rich and nitrogen-rich compositions in the final films. The composition parameter, X, varied from 0.83 to 1.62. Depending on the film composition, the dielectric properties of the $SiN_x$ films also varied substantially. Silicon-rich silicon nitride (SRSN) films were obtained at a low plasma power and a low R. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of these films revealed the existence of nano-sized silicon particles even in the absence of a post-annealing process. Nitrogen-rich silicon nitride (NRSN) films were obtained at a high plasma power and a high R. These films showed a fairly high dielectric constant ($\kappa$ = 7.1) and a suppressed hysteresis window in their capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.59-63
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• 2014

Nano-sized nickel substituted cobalt ferrite powders, $Ni_xCo_{1-x}Fe_2O_4$ ($0.0{\leq}x{\leq}1.0$), were fabricated by the sol-gel method, and their crystallographic and magnetic properties were studied. All the ferrite powders showed a single spinel structure, and behaved ferrimagnetically. When the nickel substitution was increased, the lattice constants and the sizes of particles of the ferrite powders decreased. The M$\ddot{o}$ssbauer absorption spectra of $Ni_xCo_{1-x}Fe_2O_4$ ferrite powders could be fitted with two six-line subspectra, which were assigned to a tetrahedral A-site and octahedral B-sites of a typical spinel crystal structure. The increase in values of the magnetic hyperfine fields indicated that the superexchange interaction was stronger, with the increased nickel concentration in $Ni_xCo_{1-x}Fe_2O_4$. This could be explained using the cation distribution, which can be written as, $(Co_{0.28-0.28x}Fe_{0.72+0.28x})[Ni_xCo_{0.72-0.72x}Fe_{1.28-0.28x}]O_4$. The two values of the saturation magnetization and the coercivity decreased, as the rate of nickel substitution was increased. These decreases could be explained using the cation distribution, the magnetic moment, and the magneto crystalline anisotropy constant of the substituted ions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.02a
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• pp.571-571
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• 2012

We discovered the formation of C60 aggregates in solution by means of photoluminescence spectroscopic study on C60 in solutions. From the in-depth investigation of temperature dependence of the luminescence of C60 in toluene, benzene and CS2 solutions, we reported that the C60 aggregates are formed during cooling at the freezing temperature of these solvents. Furthermore, the C60 aggregates can be changed to stable structures by irradiating with UV pulse-laser (Nd:YAG laser, 355nm). As a consequence, we could obtain nano-scale photo-polymerized C60 clusters, which appear as round-shaped nano- scale particles in high resolution transmission electron-microscopy (HRTEM) images. However, the yield of the nano-scale C60 clusters obtained by this method is too small. So we designed and developed a system to obtain C60 cluster of macroscopic quantity by using ultrasonic nebulizer. In this system, C60 solution was vaporized to several micro-sized droplets in vacuum, resulting in the formation of C60 aggregates by evaporating solvent (toluene). The system was invented to produce nano-scale carbon clusters by the irradiation of UV light upon C60 aggregates in vacuum. We have characterized the products, C60 cluster, obtained from the system by using UV absorption spectra and HPLC spectra. Although the products have a possibility of inclusion various forms of C60 cluster, results support that the product formed from the system by using vaporizer method establishes a new method to obtain C60 cluster in macroscopic quantity. In the presentation, the details of the system and the results of characterization are reported.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.1594-1597
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• 2008

Carbon nanotube (CNT) cathodes were fabricated using nano-sized silver powders as a bonding material. The effects of powder size on the field emission properties for the CNT cathode were investigated The better emission properties of CNT cathodes using smaller particles are due to a low sintering temperature of the bonding materials.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.88-93
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• 2007

Nano-sized Sn particles were coated with Ni-P layer using an electroless deposition method and their anodic performance was tested for lithium secondary batteries. Uniform coating layers were obtained, of which the thickness was controlled by varying the $Ni^{2+}$ concentration in the plating bath. It was found that the Ni-P layer plays two important roles in improving the anodic performance of Sn powder electrode. First, it prevents the inter-particle aggregation between Sn particles during the charge/discharge process. Second, it provides an electrical conduction pathway to the Sn particles, which allows an electrode fabrication without an addition of conductive carbon. A pseudo-optimized sample showed a good cyclability and high capacity ($>400mAh\;g^{-1}$) even without conductive carbon loading.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.174-178
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• 2001

The microstructure and mechanical properties of $Si_3N_4/BN $nanocomposites synthesized by chemical processing were investigated. The nanocomposites containing 15 vol% hexagonal BN (h-BN) were fabricated by hot-pressing $\alpha-Si_3N_4$powders covered with turbostratic BN (t-BN). The t-BN coating on $\alpha-Si_3N_4$particles was prepared by heating $\alpha-Si_3N_4$ particles covered with a mixture of boric acid and urea in hydrogen gas. TEM observations of this nanocomposite revealed that nano-sized h-BN particles were homogeneously dispersed within $Si_3N_4$grains as well as at grain boundaries. The strength and thermal shock resistance were significantly improved in comparison with the $Si_3N_4/BN$ microcomposites.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.440-445
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• 2018

To control the electrical properties of a SiC heating element, we sintered $SiC-ZrB_2$composites by using the spark plasma sintering method. The addition of $ZrB_2$ particles with lower electrical conductivity to the SiC matrices with comparatively higher electrical resistivity lowers the electrical resistivities of the composite material. The $ZrB_2$ particles aggregate to form large particles and 3-1, 3-2, and 3-3 networks, i.e., conduction paths. In our study, about $1-{\mu}m$-sized $ZrB_2$ powders start to form the conduction path at about 10 vol.% of addition, namely the threshold volume. The Joule heating experiment shows that 20 vol.% $ZrB_2$-added SiC heating element has outstanding heating efficiency.