• 한국의사학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.11-31
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• 2016

Objectives : The goal of this paper is to research what affected diagrams of lung originated from Ming Tang Zang Fu Tu during the time they were changed in. Methods : Diagrams of lung in Traditional Chinese and Japanese medical books had been collected as many as possible. Besides being grouped by Huang Longxiang (黃龍祥)'s classification, they were analysed by 4 form factors, e.g. shape, number, veins and petiole of leafs. Results : Reliability of this methods had been checked on by the correspondence with Huang's 14 standard books, before 29 diagrams of lung were selected from 33 books including 13 books that Huang had already made his proposal. The lobes in most of diagrams resembled 6 lanceolate or long oval leafs, or a maple leaf with 5 indentations. In most of diagrams, veins of leafs were described variously, more or less than 9 nodes often drew in petioles. Conclusions : Suwen (素問), Nan Jing (難經) and Wang Bing would had steadily worked on 29 diagrams of lung, since diagram of lung stemmed from Ming Tang Zang Fu Tu, went out into the world in Zhen Jiu Ju Ying (鍼灸聚英). But they were not drawn through dissection during same periods.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.253-266
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• 2013

Objective : There was no attempt to understand Moving Energy between two kidneys(腎間動氣) and Kidney on Left & Life Gate on Right(左腎右命門) by integration progress. So I have faced to study based on two parts with concerning as clues. One is 'Life Right (左 右)' and the other is 'Between(間)'. Methods : Revealing the source of the origin, Nanjingbenyi(難經本義) is given on the basis. Take a close look at publications related to Nanjing(難經) which is about Kidney on Left & Life Gate on Right and Moving Energy between two kidneys. Take a close look at Kidney, the Life Gate and Moving Energy between two kidneys. Look see the three-dimensional uplift movement of Gi(氣). Results : In Neijing(內經) and Nanjing, the basic point of view for Kidney is the same. That is explained in line with attributes of convergence(收斂). 'Life Gate(命門)' is a term to express the divergence feature(發散機能) of kidney. Moving Energy between two kidneys is used to mean the mainspring of human body activity. The Gi in human body loses altitude turning left(左旋而下降) and gains height turning right(右旋而上升). Conclusion : Watching on functional aspect, there are two names for kidney. One is 'Kidney(腎)' which collects the losing altitude turning left and the other is 'Life Gate' which rises turning right. Moreover, the fundamental power that effectuate the uplift movement is Moving Energy between two kidneys. This kind model is a way that can be understood syntagmatically the Kidney on Left & Life Gate on Right and the Moving Energy between two kidneys without any gainsaying the original of Nanjing.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2017

Objectives Some major Chinese medical classics like Huangdineijing (黃帝內經) and Nanjing (難經) assert that a normal person breaths 13,500 times every day. It's just half of real breathing cycles of human. So I tried to find a reasonable explanation to solve this conflict between truth and literal description. Materials and methods To find breath count descriptions in Chinese ancient books, I used Kanseki Repository (http://kanripo.org/). To find precedent research on this topic, I used China National Knowledge Infrastructure (http://cnki.net). Results 33 books refers to human breath cycles for a day, and most of them introduce 13,500 as human breathing frequency of one day. Some recent papers on Laoguanshan (老官山) Western Han dynasty manuscripts show new clues on this topic. Conclusion I assume that 13,500 cycles, the incorrect human breathing frequency of a day, might be originated from adjusting the meaning and usage of the word "Xi (息)".

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.23-36
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• 2015

Objectives : This research had been designed to survey Li Chan 's viewpoint of physiological characteristics of tripple energizers and discover his own medical distinction in them. Methods : First, look up contents related with it's physiological characteristics in his book, Introduction to Medicine. Second, investigate which books they had derived from. Third, decide whether the contents were originative or not. Results & Conclusions : Even though his viewpoint of it's characteristics mostly followed Neijing (內經) and Nanjing (難經), he partially changed and added some theories in his book. For example, he regarded that tripple energizers played a role in not only 6 vowels but also 5 viscera, developed man's essence-spirit and made his joints strong. These came from Wang Haogu (王好古)'s CiShiNanJi (此事難知), Suwen (素問) ShengQiTongTianLun (生氣通天論) and so on.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2009

The Sa-am acupuncture is the acupuncture method created during Chosun Dynasty. It is a unique acupuncture method that was created solely in Korea. Its theories are based on the 69th article of "Classic of Difficult Issues", or Nanjing (難經), which says "tonify its mother when deficiency occurs, and purgate its son when excess occurs" (虛則補其母, 實則瀉其子); the concept of "controlling the viscera which restrains the target" "抑其官" was added to this theory to form the principle of Sa-am acupuncture. It is significant that it turns to the basic principles of the Five Viscera and Six Bowels rather than the 體針 or 阿是針 of the existing acupuncure. Sa-am acupuncture was established in the middle of Chosun Dynasty and was popularized to the practitioners of Korean Medicine through transcripts and printed books. The medical books of at the time of Japanese imperialism that introduced Sa-am acupuncture are "經絡學總論", "舍岩鍼灸訣", "經濟要訣", "靑囊訣", "察病要訣", "濟世寶鑑", "經驗寢具編", and "舍岩 靑囊訣". The magazine that mentions the Sa-am acupuncture is "韓方醫藥". The books on Traditional Medicine that is related to Sa-am acupuncture were of great help in reconstruction of Sa-am acupuncture after the liberation of Korea and explaining the principle of Sa-am acupunture in various angles.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2015

Objectives : This study was done to find the philological origin of the concept of pulse of the vital gate being assigned left or right according to sex distinction, and study its theoretical features that had been applied to clinical diagnosis. Methods : Medical books such as Maijue(脈訣), Leizheng Huorenshu(類證活人書), Maijuezhizhang(脈訣指掌), Yixuerumen(醫學入門), which directly mentions or having been considered to mention such concept of pulse of the vital gate, were inquired to find the philological origin of the concept. And after the philological origin was confirmed, combination between this concept and traditional pulse theory was also discussed. Results & Conclusions : The philological origin of the concept was confirmed as having the Taoist origin. In this study it was discussed through the contents of Xiyuedouxiansheng Xiuzhenzhinan(西嶽竇先生修眞指南). A term that is called 'the vital pulse(命脈)' appears in this book, and it could be said that the concept of 'the vital pulse' which is assigned on left or right according to sex distinction in the book like this had lead the pulse assignment of the vital gate into such a form that considers the sex distinction. After being accepted in medical theory, this concept also had been united with traditional pulse theory that appears in Nanjing(難經) and Maijing(脈經) to become a applicable theory in clinical diagnosis.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.127-142
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• 2015

Objectives : Through the comparative study on cases of acupuncture therapy in Sanhanlun(傷寒論), it would be expected to comprehend the theory of acupuncture for external contraction(外感). Methods : It has been done to analyse provisions of Sanghanlun, Hwangdineijing(黃帝內經), Nanjing(難經) related with acupuncture, and to compare the symptoms reported in Hwangdimingtangjing(黃帝明堂經) to Shanghanlun. Results : Most symptoms of the acupuncture points in Shanghanlun correspond with those in Hwangdimingtangjing. Visceral manifestation theory could explain the reason why some acupuncture points in Shanghanlun were selected, but Meridian theory could in 1 case only. Some provisions show that acupuncture was treated to increase the effect of medicines and the others to replace medicines. Conclusions : The main principle to select acupuncture in Shanghanlun were the effectiveness of each point and visceral manifestation. Acupuncture was tried to increase or replace the effect of medicines.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.261-274
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• 2004

Object : In this thesis we researched the transformation of five symptoms of final life stage from ${\ll}$Sumun(素問)${\gg}$, ${\ll}$Yingshu(靈樞)${\gg}$ and ${\ll}$Nanjing(難經)${\gg}$ and pulse diagnosis method. Method : We studied medical books from Mawangdui Han dynasty tomb Results and Conclusion : 1. The symptoms of final life stage according to Yinyanmaisihou(陰陽脈死候) is suggested by observation of symptoms introducting Yinyan five-elements theory. 2. The symptoms of final life stage according to Yinyanmaisihou(陰陽脈死候) and "Qijue(氣絶)" from ${\ll}$Lingshu(靈樞) Jingmai(經脈)${\gg}$ made use of twelve merdian bian(遍) diagnosis method and ${\ll}$Lingshu(靈樞) Zongshi(終始)${\gg}$, ${\ll}$Sumun(素問) Zhenyaojingzhonglun(診要經終論)${\gg}$ made use of twelve merdian biaoben(標本) diagnosis method. Afterward oriental medical biology which suggests agreement between outside and inside symptoms needs to be examined by use of science and medical theory to apply medical treatment .

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.351-363
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• 2020

Objectives : The purpose of this paper is to describe how Wu Kun(吳昆) understood Huangdineijing 『黃帝內經』 and implemented his understanding when writting Yifangkao 『醫方考』. Methods : From Yifangkao 『醫方考』, we collected all paragraphs including "經曰", "內經曰" while excluding the ones with "論曰" to filter out Sanghanlun 『傷寒論』's perspective. The contents of Huangdineijing·Suwen 『黃帝內經·素問』 and Huangdineijing·Lingshu 『黃帝內經·靈樞』, cited in Wu Kun's Yifangkao 『醫方考』 were extracted, identified from which part it comes and sorted into headings under RyuPyeon Huangjenaegyung 『類編黃帝內經』. Results : The most cited traditional chinese medical classic in Yifangkao 『醫方考』 was Huangdineijing·Suwen 『黃帝內經·素問』 Yinyangyingxiangdalun 「陰陽應象大論篇」 which was cited 41 times. Zhizhenyaodalun 「至眞要大論篇」 had a total of 39 citations followed by Shengqitongtianlun 「生氣通天論篇」 and Liuyuanzhengjidalun 「六元正紀大論篇」 which were cited 13 times and 11 times each. In addition, it was confirmed that other 28 chapters from Huangdineijing·Suwen 『黃帝內經· 素問』, 3 chapters from Huangdineijing·Lingshu 『黃帝內經·靈樞』, 3 chapters from Nanjing 『難經』 and one chapter from Zhenjiujiayijing 『鍼灸甲乙經』 were also cited. Also the analysis of the classification of the Huangdineijing·Suwen 『黃帝內 經·素問』 showed that 57 citations were classified as 'treatment', 41 citations were classified as 'Yin and Yang and Five phases', 39 citations were calssified as 'Cause and Mechanism of Disease'. Conclusion : 1. Yifangkao 『醫方考』 have explained prescriptions by implementing principles from 5 kinds of traditional chinese medical classic including Huangdineijing·Suwen 『黃帝內經·素問』, Huangdineijing·Lingshu 『黃帝內經·靈樞』 etc. 2. According to table 3, Yifangkao 『醫方考』 have cited Huangdineijing·Suwen 『』 to explain how each compounds were used and how the Korean medical principle of Yin and Yang was applied in the prescriptions. 3. It can be suggested in formula study there is utility to understand principles of traditional chinese medical classic to comprehend prescriptions.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.113-132
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• 2016

Objectives : In this study, the Abdominal Diagnostic Method of Kitao Shunpo(北尾春圃) about Movement Qi between kidneys in Sanghauidam(桑韓醫談) and Jeonggisinron(精氣神論) are investigated for the purpose of understanding the definite technique of the method and the position in the context of abdominal diagnosis in Japan. Methods : The materials related to the abdominal diagnosis to Movement Qi between kidneys were selected from Sanghauidam and Jeonggisinron written by Kitao Shunpo, and analyzed to know the characteristics of the method. Results : Kitao Shunpo suggested the theoretical background of the Abdominal Diagnostic Method that Original Qi(元氣) is made from Original Essence(元精) when a person is born, and mentality(神) and body essence(精), qi(氣) and blood(血) are formed from those. Movement Qi between kidneys(腎間動氣), that is to say innate Original Qi can be diagnosed in abdominal region by the method in Japanese Medicine. Kitao Shunpo decided deficiency and excess of Original Qi and prognosis in clinical treatment by the method, and suggested the standard pulse condition of the Movement Qi between kidneys. Conclusions : After the theory about Movement Qi between kidneys appeared in Nanjing(難經), many doctors have not made attention to diagnose that for a long time, until Kitao Shunpo with other Japanese doctors established the theoretical background of the Abdominal Diagnostic Method, and applied the theory to clinical treatment.