• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2001

This study was tried to suppose the necessity for the participations of the guardians or parents into dental health educations and for developing an educational program on the control of denial health in order to improve the dental health of handicapped children. For this research, it was investigated by a survey on the actual condition of dental health with an object of handicapped children, and simultaneously by analyzing the relationships between the realities of child's dental caries and guardian's acknowledgments and managements with regard to the dental health of the children. The 209 children and their guardians being in special school for the handicapped were surveyed about the actual conditions of dental health from 15 May to 30 June 2000. 1. The average of DT, MT, FT and DMFT index were 2.46, 0.13, 1.18 and 3.78, respectively. 2. As the parents' educational level (p<0.05) and economical incomes were high, the proportions the DMFT index were low (p<0.05). As the father of the handicapped children had a duty, the DMFT index were lower than the opposite case that the father had no duty. However. in the case of their mother, the presence of the duty has not showed any relationships with the DMFT index. And it was revealed that there was a tendency that the lower age of the parents showed the lower proportions (p<0.05) and index (p<0.001). 3. There was no meaningful differences for the DMFT index in the comparison between the children who can brush themselves or not, even though the children who can brush themselves showed relatively and slightly lower DMFT index than the children who can't do it themselves. 4. More frequent observations on the children's dental conditions by the parent resulted in the lower DMFT index(p<0.01). 5. As the parent had relatively more knowledges about the dental disease. the DMFT index were low. Therefore, as it was considered form these results, the parent should be required more positive participations for the improvement of their children's dental health. For promoting this participations, it must be required the development of educational programs and political services for the parent or guardians in order to improve the attendance into the educations.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.144-153
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• 2007

One of the most recent issues facing the pesticides regulatory process is the assessment of the potential for pesticides to leach through soil and appear in groundwater. Since Jeju island depends on a hydrogeologically vulnerable aquifer system as its principle source of drinking water, it is important to identify which pesticides are the most likely to result in groundwater contamination. The objective of this study was to assess groundwater contamination risk of 21 pesticides (12 insecticides, 6 herbicides and 3 fungicides) in Jeju soils using groundwater ubiquity score (GUS). Considering GUS estimated in 21 representative series of Jeju soils, generally herbicides showed relatively higher leaching potentials and insecticides showed lower leaching potentials. Groundwater contamination risk was higher in the order of bromacil > metolachlor > alachlor > linuron pretilachlor > butachlor for herbicides, carbofuran > ethoprophos > diazinone > dimethoate > penthoate > mecarbam > methidathion > endosulfan > fenitrothion > parathion > chlorpyrifos > terbufos for insecticides, and metalaxyl > chlorothalonil > triadimefon for fungicides. Among the tested pesticides alachlor, metolachlor, bromacil, ethoprophos and carbofuran were classified as the pesticides of very high or high groundwater contamination potential. Although the ranking of the leaching potential was essentially determined on the base of the intrinsic properties of the chemicals and environmental properties, variation of the relative groundwater contamination potentials of each pesticides in different soils were not significant. Therefore, the above ranking of groundwater contamination risk would be applied in most of Jeju soils. To lower the possibility of pesticide contamination of groundwater, the use of those pesticides classified as high or very high leaching potential should be strictly regulated in Jeju Island.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.122-126
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• 2007

Expenditure on meat and meat products has been increased in Korea due to the increase of income and the change of diet. From raising farm animals to eating the meat, various hazardous elements can make their ways into the meat and meat products. Recently the issues on food safety and hygiene are drawing a lot of attention, and the current system for managing the safety of foods is still needed to be improved. This survey was aimed to monitor the current situation of country-of-origin labels and hygiene for the meat markets at 4 regions Korea. The survey was performed by collecting samples from whole- sale and retail stores in the nation, which were selling beef. The markets were divided into groups as to territory and the size of the market (Large size, Medium size, and Small size). In terms of size distribution, small butcher shops occupied the highest percentage. On the itemized suitability test of unpacked and packed beef, all the market of 4 regions showed good agreements. However, such labels indicating the methods of cooking and storage were not properly posted on the products. Especially for Ho-nam region, corrections are needed. The results of monitoring sanitation conditions for the butcher shops at 4 regions in Korea showed relatively low suitability. Especially, there were serious lack of knowledge about wearing the sanitation clothing, caps, and shoes. The problem with food safety is so complicated that producer, consumer, food manufacturer, the press, the government, and scholar should solve altogether. It is necessary to educate farmers, food handlers, consumers, etc. and provide them with an accurate information and knowledge.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.21-28
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• 1985

We serveyed the actual condition of business of the departments of radiology of 45 health conters (except 3) in the area of Seoul, Kyungki and Inchon from March, 1984 to November, 1984. The results are summarized as follows : 1. T.O. of the radiologic technologist is three persons in each health center of Seoul area, and one person in each one of Kyungki and Inchon area. P.O. is 2-5 persons in Seoul area, 1-2 persons in Kyungki or Inchon area. 2. The number of all the radiologic technologists employed now is 75 persons, and among all of them, when analized by position class 7th is 54.7%, class 8th 28.0%, class 9th is 13.3%, and class 6th is 2.7%, and by sex, female is 68.0%, male is 32.0%, by educational background, for the most part, junior college graduates come to 73.3%, by age group 60% of them is in their twenties, 16.0% is in their thirties and forties, 8.0% is in their fifties, and by career after certificate 60% have the career of 1-5 years, 13.3% have the one of 6-7 years or mor than 21 years, and 6.7% have the one of 11-15 years of 16-20 years. 3. All the diagnostic x-ray equipment being kept is 62, and among them flxing equipment is 71.0%, portable equipment is 29.0% and by rating of X-ray equipment, maximum tube current 100 mA is 46.8%, maximum KV 100KVP is 72.6%, the most part. 4. Photofluorographic camera and hood are equipped in every health center. While, as to the radiographic cassettes, $14{\times}14"$ cassetts are equipped in every health center, but cassettes of other sizes are in half of them. 5. Bucky's table is equipped in 11.9% health centers, the automatic processor is in 21.4%, the photofluorographic film changer is 9.5%, the grid is 73.8%, the protective apron is in 88.1%, and the protective glove is in 57.1% health centers. 6. The number of the people who got the x-ray examination for one year (by the year 1989) is the most, 1,000-6,000 in direct radiography of the chest, or 15,0001-45,000 in the health centers of Seoul area, 5,000-20,000 in Kyungki and Inchon area in photofluorography of the chest. Moreover, other radiographies are being taken extremely limitedly in all health centers. 7. In processing types of x-ray film, automatic processing is used in 9 health centers (21.4%), manual tank processing is in 30 (71.4%), and manual tray processing in 3 (7.2%). 8. As for collimation of x-ray exposure field, "continual using restricted by a subject size" has the most part, 78.6% "restricted using at every radiography" has 19%, and the case of "never considered" has 2.4% response. 9. As for the dosimeter used for radiation control, film badge (35.7%) and pocket dosimeter (26.2%) are used, and in 38.1% health centers the dosimeter is not equipped at all. Consideration of the previous radiation exposure is being done in only one health center. 10. Reading of radiographs is mainly depended on the radiologists electively (45.2%) or on the genral practitioners(45.2%).

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.117-121
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• 2007

The number of internet users and the scale of electronic on-line trading are on the increase due to the development of information technology and the internet. The aim of this study was to monitor the accuracy of country-of-origin labels and the indicated contents of meat available by electronic on-line trading by using a structural interview sheet for 100 on-line meat product markets. The result of this investigation showed a 100% level of accuracy for business name and telephone number whereas the company address, meat manufacturer and supplier, and business registration were less reliable. We also investigated the accuracy of site policy, e-mail address, and fax number. The results showed that the accuracy of fax numbers was the lowest. The product name and the kind of meat actually in the product showed a 100% level of conformity, while the price (96.3%), place of origin (93.6%), capacity (90.4%), meat parts (80.9%) and contents of the product (73.4%) showed a relatively low level of conformity. Serious safety issues were exposed by the disturbingly low 20.2% accuracy of indicated expiration dates and 5.3% accuracy of indicated manufacturing dates. To ensure food safety, it is essential to improve consumer understanding and trust regarding food safety through continuous public relations. More education and information are needed to raise consumer awareness of the facts versus myths regarding food safety.

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
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• v.33 no.49
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• pp.323.1-323.12
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• 2018

Background: Vitamin K antagonist (VKA) to prevent thromboembolism in non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients has limitations such as drug interaction. This study investigated the clinical characteristics of Korean patients treated with VKA for stroke prevention and assessed quality of VKA therapy and treatment satisfaction. Methods: We conducted a multicenter, prospective, non-interventional study. Patients with $CHADS_2{\geq}1$ and treated with VKA (started within the last 3 months) were enrolled from April 2013 to March 2014. Demographic and clinical features including risk factors of stroke and VKA treatment information was collected at baseline. Treatment patterns and international normalized ratio (INR) level were evaluated during follow-up. Time in therapeutic range (TTR) > 60% indicated well-controlled INR. Treatment satisfaction on the VKA use was measured by Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM) after 3 months of follow-up. Results: A total of 877 patients (age, 67; male, 60%) were enrolled and followed up for one year. More than half of patients (56%) had $CHADS_2{\geq}2$ and 83.6% had $CHA_2DS_2-VASc{\geq}2$. A total of 852 patients had one or more INR measurement during their follow-up period. Among those patients, 25.5% discontinued VKA treatment during follow-up. Of all patients, 626 patients (73%) had poor-controlled INR (TTR < 60%) measure. Patients' treatment satisfaction measured with TSQM was 55.6 in global satisfaction domain. Conclusion: INR was poorly controlled in Korean NVAF patients treated with VKA. VKA users also showed low treatment satisfaction.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.104-114
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• 1998

Purpose : Enteroviruses are the most common cause of aseptic meningitis. The epidemics of aseptic meningitis in 1993 and 1996 were mostly caused by echovirus type 9. Identification of the causative virus of aseptic meningitis in epidemics, is very important not only for diagnosis but also for epidemiologic purpose. The purpose of this study was to identify the causative virus and investigate the relationship between aseptic meningitis, prevailed in Masan and surrounding areas in Kyoungsangnamdo in 1997, and its clinical manifestations. Methods : One hundred twenty eight cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) and 239 stool specimens were obtained from 239 patients(213 children and 26 adult patients) with aseptic meningitis were admitted to Masan Fatima Hospitals from March to October 1997. Viral isolation and serotype identification was performed by cell culture and immunofluorescent test. Enteroviruses not typed by immunofluorescent test was confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). Results : 1) The peak incidence was noted in June. 2) The age of 239 patients(pediatrics-213 cases, internal medicine-26 cases) that were diagnosed ranged from neonate to 35 years, the age of the patients of pediatrics ranged from neonate to 15years(mean 4.9 years), the age of the patients of internal medicine (above 16 years) ranged from 16 years to 35 years(mean 24.2 years). 3) Fifty-three(41.4%) of 128 CSF specimens were positive for enteroviruses, and 163(68.2%) of 239 stool specimens were positive for enteroviruses respectively. 4) Serotypes of 53 enteroviruses isolated from CSF were 16(30.2%) of echovirus type 30, 6(11.3%) of echovirus type 6, 1 of echovirus type 4, 4 of untyped echovirus, 1 of coxsackievirus type B5, and 24 isolates of untyped enteroviruses. Of 163 enterovirus isolated from stool were 72(44.2%) of echovirus type 30, 21(12.9%) of echovirus type 6, 1 of echovirus type 4, 17(10.4%) of undetermined subtyped echovirus, 1 of coxsackievirus type B5, 2 of A24, 3 of undetermined subtyped coxsackievirus type B, and 46 isolates of untyped enterovirus. Conclusion : There were epidemics of aseptic meningitis in the central areas of Kyoungsangnamdo from March to October 1997. The main causative organism was thought to be the echovirus type 30, and echovirus type 4, 6, coxsackievirus B5 and A24 were also thought to contribute to the epidemics.