• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.08a
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• pp.77.6-78
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• 2008

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.1070-1075
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• 2013

Streptococcus mutans is the primary etiological agent of dental caries. The antimicrobial peptide $\small{D}$-Nal-Pac-525 was designed by replacing the tryptophans of the Trp-rich peptide Pac-525 with $\small{D}$-${\beta}$-naphthyalanines. To assess the effect of $\small{D}$-Nal-Pac-525 on cariogenic bacteria, the activity of $\small{D}$-Nal-Pac-525 on the growth of S. mutans and its biofilm formation were examined. $\small{D}$-Nal-Pac-525 showed robust antimicrobial activity against S. mutans (minimum inhibitory concentration of 4 ${\mu}g/ml$). Using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, it was shown that $\small{D}$-Nal-Pac-525 caused morphological changes and damaged the cell membrane of S. mutans. $\small{D}$-Nal-Pac-525 inhibited biofilm formation of S. mutans at 2 ${\mu}g/ml$. The results of this study suggest that $\small{D}$-Nal-Pac-525 has great potential for clinical application as a dental caries-preventing agent.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.169-178
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• 2009

In this study, we suggest Korean nonlinear fitting formula (KNFF) to maximize speech intelligibility for digital hearing aids based on NAL-NL1 (NAL-nonlinear, version 1). KNFF was derived from the same procedure which is used for deriving NAL-NL1. KNFF consider the long-term average speech spectrum of Korean instead of English because the frequency characteristic of Korean is different from that of English. New insertion gains of KNFF were derived using the SII (speech intelligibility index) program provided by ANSI. In addition, the insertion gains were modified to maximize the intelligibility of high frequency words. To verify effect of the new fitting gain, we performed speech discrimination test (SDT) and preference test using the hearing loss simulator from NOISH. In the SDT, a word set as test material consists of 50 1-syllable word generally used in hearing clinic. As a result of the test, in case of moderate hearing loss with severe loss on high frequency, the SDT scores of KNFF was more improved about 3.2% than NAL-NLl and about 6% in case of the sever hearing loss. Finally we have obtained the result that it was the effective way to increase gain of mid-high frequency bands and to decrease gain of low frequency bands in order to maximize speech intelligibility of Korean.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.33 no.9C
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• pp.704-711
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• 2008

This paper proposes a new de-interlacing method which results in efficient visual improvement. In the proposed algorithm, the distance weight was considered and the previously developed the EDI (Edge Dependent Interpolation) algorithm and the NAL (New Adaptive Linear interpolation) algorithm were used as a basis. The do-interlacing method was divided into two main parts. First, the edge direction was found by using information of closer pixels. Then, missing pixels were interpolated along with the decided edge direction. In this paper, after predicting the edge through the EDI algorithm, missing pixels were interpolated by using the weighted distance based on the NAL algorithm. Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm be superior to the conventional algorithms in terms of the objective and subjective criteria.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.08a
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• pp.79.2-79.2
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• 2008

• ETRI Journal
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.281-291
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• 2010

Scalable video coding (SVC) has been standardized as an extension of the H.264/AVC standard. This paper proposes a practical real-time transport protocol (RTP) packetization scheme to transport SVC video over IP networks. In combined scalability of SVC, a coded picture of a base or scalable enhancement layer is produced as one or more video layers consisting of network abstraction layer (NAL) units. The SVC NAL unit header contains a (DID, TID, QID) field to identify the association of each SVC NAL unit with its scalable enhancement layer without parsing the payload part of the SVC NAL unit. In this paper, we utilize the (DID, TID, QID) information to derive hierarchical spatio-temporal relationship of the SVC NAL units. Based on the derivation using the (DID, TID, QID) field, we propose a practical RTP packetization scheme for generating single RTP sessions in unicast and multicast transport of SVC video. The experimental results indicate that the proposed packetization scheme can be efficiently applied to transport SVC video over IP networks with little induced delay, jitter, and computational load.

• Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.317-320
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• 2001

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.67-72
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• 2014

To investigate the alteration of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activity after myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI) and further explore the effect of naloxone postconditioning on MIRI. Forty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: sham operation (sham, n=8); ischemia reperfusion (IR, n=8); IR+naloxone 0.5 mg/kg (Nal L, n=8); IR+naloxone 1.0 mg/kg (Nal M, n=8); IR+naloxone 2.0 mg/kg (Nal H, n=8). Pathological changes of myocardial tissue were visualized by HE staining. The expression of p-JNK, and the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes were investigated with Western blotting and the TUNEL assay, respectively. Irregular arrangement and aberrant structure of myocardial fibers, cardiomyocytes with granular or vacuolar degeneration, and inflammatory cells infiltrating the myocardial interstitial regions characterized MIRI in the IR group. Signs of myocardial injury and inflammatory infiltration were less prominent in the Nal-treated groups. The expression of p-JNK in the sham group and in all Nal-treated groups was significantly lower than that in the IR group (p<0.01). The apoptosis index of cardiomyocytes in the IR group was significantly higher than in the sham group (p<0.01). The apoptosis indices of cardiomyocytes in all Nal-treated groups were significantly reduced to 55.4%, 26.2%, and 27.6%, respectively, of the IR group (p<0.01). This study revealed that Naloxone postconditioning before reperfusion inhibits p-JNK expression and decreases cell apoptosis, thus alleviating MIRI.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.77-88
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• 1992

Effective strains of cowpea bradyrhizobia JB7 $nal^rspe^r$ and CB756 $str^rrif^r$, antibiotic-resistant variants of JB7 and CB756, respectively, were used to examine changes of rhizosphere populations and nodule occupancy. Populations of each strain increased gradually in the rhizosphere, reaching a maximum of about $10^8$ cells per root system. Nodule number increased as the density of inoculum increased from $10^2$ cells to $10^8$ cells per seed. Inoculation with liquid suspension resulted in the formation of more nodules than the peat slurry or granule inoculation. When JB7 $nal^rspe^r$ and CB756 $str^rrif^r$ were introduced in equal numbers in inoculum mixtures the former consistantly occupied the majority of nodules with all three groundnut cultivars used. There was no difference in yield between nitrogen treatments and inocultation treatments.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.426-431
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• 1991

The present study examines the effect of naloxone, mu-opioid receptor antagonist, on prolactin (PRL) gene expression and secretion induced by estradiol (I) treahent in vivo. Adult rats were ovariectomized (OW) and implanted with Silastic capsules containing either vehicle (oil) or E. Three days later, NAL (2 mg/kg BW) or saline urere injected 30 min prior to sacrifice. To examine PRL secretion in vitro, the pituitaries were incubated in the superfusion system for 3 hrs. Superfusates were collected at 10 min intenrals on ice and subjected to PRL radioimmunoassay. Endogenous release of PRL in OU( + I rats was signifcantlv higher than that in OVX rats (mean $\pm$ SE; 24.5 $\pm$ 3.1 vs 14.5 $\pm$ 2.9 ns/10 min). A single injection of NAL clearly inhibited PRL release in Nitro from pituitaries derived from OW + I rats, but not from OW group. PRL myNA was determined by RNA-blot hybridisation assay with nicktranslated PRL CDNA. E stimulated PRL mRNA about 3 fold over that shown in OW group. Treahent of NAL suppressed the I-stimulated PRL myNA in OVX + I group, but not in OVX group. These data clearly showed that the NAL-induced inhibition of PRL secretion was well correlated with changes in PRL mRNA level and this inhibitory process appears to be mediated in I-dependent manner.