• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2002

It is a great role that the character of man or woman could be distinguished by hair on the aspect of ornament. Hair will be support of beautifulness of human being in various permanent wave by many kinds of its drugs. Hair is based upon the skin which enroll the body of high living animals and have multiple membrane structure. This study used rat and the effects of commercial permanent wave products to skin which are composed with thioglycolic acid and bases. Results are as follows. Permanent wave penetrated to 4 hours later with steady state in skins and was not significant changeable after 20hr later. In case of neutralizer with thioglycolic acid lag time and permeability coefficient in healthy skin is 3.38hr and $0.094^{\mu}g/cm^{2}$ ${\cdot}$ hr, it old skin is 3.48hr and 0.129$^{\mu}g/cm^{2}$ ${\cdot}$ hr, and it wounded skin is 4.72hr and $0.158^{\mu}g/cm^{2}$ ${\cdot}$ hr. In conclusion, lag time and permeability coefficient in old skin and wounded skin are faster than healthy skin. In vivo which was studied by general time and method of permanent wave. We notified that fine rinkle and rash of skin were changeable in the case of treating with permanent wave drugs than normal skin. We can see even rash and eruption by the naked eye.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.578-581
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• 2015

A rigid spino-pelvic fixation to anchor long constructs is crucial to maintain the stability of long fusion in spinal deformity surgery. Besides obtaining immediate stability and proper biomechanical strength of constructs, the S2 alar-iliac (S2AI) screws have some more advantages. Four Korean fresh-frozen human cadavers were procured. Free hand S2AI screw placement is performed using anatomic landmarks. The starting point of the S2AI screw is located at the midpoint between the S1 and S2 foramen and 2 mm medial to the lateral sacral crest. Gearshift was advanced from the desired starting point toward the sacro-iliac joint directing approximately $20^{\circ}$ angulation caudally in sagittal plane and $30^{\circ}$ angulation horizontally in the coronal plane connecting the posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS). We made a S2AI screw trajectory through the cancellous channel using the gearshift. We measured caudal angle in the sagittal plane and horizontal angle in the coronal plane. A total of eight S2AI screws were inserted in four cadavers. All screws inserted into the iliac crest were evaluated by C-arm and naked eye examination by two spine surgeons. Among 8 S2AI screws, all screws were accurately placed (100%). The average caudal angle in the sagittal plane was $17.3{\pm}5.4^{\circ}$. The average horizontal angle in the coronal plane connecting the PSIS was $32.0{\pm}1.8^{\circ}$. The placement of S2AI screws using the free hand technique without any radiographic guidance appears to an acceptable method of insertion without more radiation or time consuming.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.200-205
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• 2017

Modern sports are developing into sports science that incorporates science and various analytical simulation systems for improving records are being developed, and they are helping to improve actual game records. Therefore golf which is one of various sports events, has been popularized among the hobbyists and the general public and there is an increasing demand for correcting the movement attitude of the person. In response to these demands, many systems have been developed to analyze and correct golf swing postures. The golf swing accuracy analysis system analyzes the moments that can not be seen with the naked eye and guides them to understand easily. It can improve the golf swing motion through immediate feedback due to the visual effect. Using the knowledge of golf swing motion collected from golf swing video, we improved reliability. In addition, it provides the ability to visually check and analyze your golf swing video, allowing you to analyze each segment based on various golf swing classification methods.

• Proceedings of the Polymer Society of Korea Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.175-175
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• 2006

Considering the number of chemosensors that have been developed for the sensing of metal ions, only a few chemosensors for fluoride anion have been described in the literature that are based on fluorescent or chromogenic responses. We performed colorimetric anion sensing based on the binding of anion analytes with hydrogen donor group in polymer backbone resulting in naked-eye color change and fluorescent quenching. Our challenges using hydrogen donor moiety was designed effectively are continuing in order for high selectivity and sensitivity for ultimate applications such as fluid solution sensing in biomolecules and gas vapor sensing.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.43-59
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• 2007

Purpose : Astragalus membranaceus is a herb which has effectiveness of energy increase, protection against pathogenic and organ immune response control. Endometriosis has been thought to be related with immune response in uterus. Therefore in this study, the effects of Astragalus membranaceus on endometriosis were investigated. Methods : The endometrial tissue was autografted to rat's small intestine. Rats with surgically induced endometriosis was administerd with Astragalus membranaceus extracts for 40 days orally or rectally. We observed the size of ectopic uterine implants at the mesenteric with the naked eye and examined the concentrations of estradiol, progesterone, $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 in serum. Also, we inquired out the efficiency between oral and rectal administration groups. Results : The size of ectopic uterine implants of oral and rectal treated groups were much smaller than those of control groups. The concentration of estradiol, progesterone. $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-2 were significantly decreased in oral administration experimental group compared with the control group. The concentration of progesterone were significantly decreased in rectal administration experimental group compared with the control group. The efficiency of oral administration group was better than that of rectal administration group in the serum concentration of estradiol, $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-2. Conclusion : Our data suggest that Astragalus membranaceus reduce the size of ectopic uterine implants at the mesenteric wall and inhibit the growth of ectopic uterine implants. Judging from the above results, it can be suggested that Astragalus membranaceus should be a useful agent for inhibiting the proliferation of uterine endometrial tissue. May be, oral administration of Astragalus membranaceus is more effective than rectal administration for inhibiting the proliferation of endometriosis.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.119-138
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• 2014

There are various ways to monitor active volcanoes, such as the method of observing the activity of a volcano with the naked eye, the method of referring to the past eruptive history based on the historic records and the method of monitoring volcanoes by using observation equipment. The most basic method from the observation equipment-using methods to monitor volcanoes is seismic monitoring. In addition to this, the ways to monitor volcanoes are as follows: resonance observation which may be effective to remove artificial noises from the seismic activities that are recorded in the seismograph, ground deformation by using precision leveling, electronic distance measurement, tiltmeter, GPS, and InSAR observation method, volcanic gas monitoring, hydrologic and meteorological monitoring, and other geophysical monitoring methods. These monitoring methods can make volcanic activities effectively monitored, determine the behavior of magmas in magma chambers and help predict the future volcanic eruptions more accurately and early warning, thus, minimize and mitigate the damage of volcanic hazards.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.107-116
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• 2012

In this paper we propose a method that can generate the risk probability map in the form of raster shape by using Markov Chain methodology applied to the object interpretation keys and quantified risk indexes. These object interpretation keys, which are primarily characteristics that can be identified by the naked eye, are set based on the objects that comprise the spatial information of a certain urban area. Each key is divided into a cell, and then is weighted by its own risk index. These keys in turn are used to generate the unified risk probability map using various levels of crime prediction probability maps. The risk probability map may vary over time and means of applying different sets of object interpretation keys. Therefore, this method can be used to prevent crimes by providing the ways of setting up the best possible police patrol beat as well as the optimal arrangement of surveillance equipments.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.312-318
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• 2013

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to compare the passivity of implant superstructures by assessing the strain development around the internal tapered connection implants with strain gauges. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A polyurethane resin block in which two implants were embedded served as a measurement model. Two groups of implant restorations utilized cement-retained design and internal surface of the first group was adjusted until premature contact between the restoration and the abutment completely disappeared. In the second group, only nodules detectable to the naked eye were removed. The third group employed screw-retained design and specimens were generated by computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing system (n=10). Four strain gauges were fixed on the measurement model mesially and distally to the implants. The strains developed in each strain gauge were recorded during fixation of specimens. To compare the difference among groups, repeated measures 2-factor analysis was performed at a level of significance of ${\alpha}$=.05. RESULTS. The absolute strain values were measured to analyze the magnitude of strain. The mean absolute strain value ranged from 29.53 to 412.94 ${\mu}m/m$ at the different strain gauge locations. According to the result of overall comparison, the cement-retained prosthesis groups exhibited significant difference. No significant difference was detected between milled screw-retained prostheses group and cement-retained prosthesis groups. CONCLUSION. Within the limitations of the study, it was concluded that the cement-retained designs do not always exhibit lower levels of stress than screw-retained designs. The internal adjustment of a cement-retained implant restoration is essential to achieve passive fit.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.923-926
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• 2008

Currently more high flow and high performance concrete is used for construction of buildings in the world. However, when high flow and high performance concrete put high performance water reducing agent in quantity to improve flow, it has a negative effect on concrete structures since segregation arises from it though flow will be improved. There are naked-eye observation, coarse aggregate washing test, L Flow test for permeation among reinforcing rods and measurement of viscosity to judge concrete segregation resistance. However, it is difficult to apply them to practical affairs since they are very complicated and troublesome. Therefore, the study analyzed EIS dividing slump flow value into slump value, how to valuate concrete segregation resistance more easily, on the basis of the existing reference materials to propose EIS. As the results, in the event of high flow concrete, it is desirable that EIS value is prescribed to be less than 2.5 at the time of managing segregation. Also, at the time of prescribing EIS with performance, it is judged that it is desirable to manage segregation as less than 2.2 (Grade 1), 2.2$\sim$2.4 (Grade 2) and more than 2.6 (Grade 3).

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.46 no.9
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• pp.563-573
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• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Simvastain, which is HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, on proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast. Materials & Methods : Twenty-four cell culture plates containing essential medium were seeded with UMR-106 cell lines, at density of 5 x $10^4$ cells per plate. Each plates were incubated with 5% $CO^2$incubator $37^{\circ}C$. Starting from 2 days after incubation, cell culture medias were replaced with Osteogenesis induction media every 2 days, for 12 days. In some plates, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, $100\muM$ of Simvastatin were added with Osteogenesis induction media, and classified as "test group". Those not added with Simvastatin were classified as "control group". Results : 1. When Alrizarin Red staining was observed with naked eye, control group showed normal deep red color, but test group show rapid decrease of red color as Simvastatin concentration increased more than $0.1\muM$. 2, When observed with microscope, compared to control group, amount of osteo matrix stained with Alrizarin Red decreased rapidly in Simvastatin concentration more than $0.1\muM$. 3. In optical density analysis, regarding control group as a basis, mineral deposition decreased rapidly when Simvastatin concentration increased more than $0.1\muM$. 4. In flow cytometry analysis, survival rate of UMR-106 cell showed no changes in both control group and test group. Conclusion : From the above results, we were able to identify that Simvastatin inhibited osteogenesis without effecting survival or cell number of osteoblasts.