• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.105-114
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• 2008

This study investigates the saturation level of surface dryness, quantity of adhesive mortar, and the alien substance content of recycled aggregates for concrete to develop an adequate quality testing method for understanding the properties of recycled aggregates, which differ greatly from preexisting aggregates. For tests that measure the saturation level of surface dryness, where detail methods are applied differently according to the tester, various testing methods from across world were compared and analyzed. This study revealed that when measuring the saturation level of surface dryness of a certain sample, aggregates must be supplemented immediately whenever the height of the sample becomes lower than the measuring mold, and allowing the tamper to free fall on the sample will provide the most accurate results. When measuring the quantity of adhesive mortar of recycled aggregates for concrete, an acid solution was used, and since the quantity of adhesive mortar increases as the particle sizes gets smaller, the sample for testing should represent the entire granularity. Sulfuric acid solution is adequate for immersion, and the concentration should be 20% for best results. According to the alien substance content measurement, which was examined by the naked eye, the error range caused by the difference in particle size was neglectable, and therefore the sample should be $2.5{\sim}5.0mm$ in size concerning the accuracy and measuring time. Also, for coarse recycled aggregates, the sample should amount to 1kg for measuring alien substance content by the naked eye, which proves that assortment by the naked eye is the most adequate method for measuring the alien substance content of a recycled aggregate.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.105-118
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• 2023

In this study, we predicted the presence of fog with a one-hour delay using the XGBoost DART machine learning algorithm for Andong, which had the highest occurrence of fog among inland stations from 2016 to 2020. We used six datasets: meteorological data, agricultural observation data, additional derived data, and their expanded data. The weather phenomenon numbers obtained through naked-eye observations and the visibility distances measured by visibility meters were classified as fog [1] or no-fog [0]. We set up twelve machine learning modeling experiments and used data from 2021 for model validation. We mainly evaluated model performance using recall and AUC-ROC, considering the harmful effects of fog on society and local communities. The combination of oversampled meteorological data features and the target induced by weather phenomenon numbers showed the best performance. This result highlights the importance of naked-eye observations in predicting fog using machine learning algorithms.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.83-94
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• 2009

Background and Objectives: The skin barrier protects skin against a harmful environment. Its function includes an antimicrobial barrier as well as a physical barrier. Stress is harmful to the skin barrier and there are many studies on this, but there are few about the effect of stress during pregnancy on the skin barrier of offspring. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of stress during pregnancy on the skin barrier of offspring by examination with the naked eye, cortisol, weight, TEWL and histologic tests. Materials and Methods: Male hairless mice ten weeks old were coupled with females for three days. After twelve days the females were divided into two groups. We stressed one group and not the other group. The offspring from the non-stressed (N group) and stressed (S group) grew up until four weeks. The S group was exposed to chronic mild stress using the chronic stress model protocol modified method of Wilner and Towell for a week. We made examinations with the naked eye, assessment of cortisol, weight, TEWL, and histologic test to contrast the S group with the N group. Statistical analysis was performed by using Mann-Whitney and Friedman test. Statistical significance was achieved if the probability was less than 5% (p<0.05). Results: 1. By making an examination with the naked eye, S group showed papules, creases and dryness on their skin, but N showed no change compared with normal skin. 2. There was no statistically significant difference between S group and N group in cortisol (p>0.05). 3. There was no statistically significant difference between S group and N group in weight. N group had less weight than S group (p<0.05). 4. There was no statistically significant difference between S group and N group in TEWL (p>0.05). 5. There was no statistically significant difference between S group and N group in TEWL recovery (p>0.05). 6. In TEWL and TEWL recovery, there was statistically significant difference by time between S group and N group (p<0.005). Histologically, S group showed a thicker epidermis and epidermal crest than N group. Conclusions: We found that stress during pregnancy has negative effects on the skin barrier of offspring. Though there were no statistically significant differences between S group and N group in TEWL recovery, we found evidence that the recovery of skin barrier function is interrupted by stress during pregnancy by examination with both the naked eye and histology.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.630-639
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the classifying ability of the igneous rocks with the naked eye for 36 preservice science teachers. For this, we selected six specimens of igneous rocks that consisted of rhyolite, andesite, basalt, granite, diorite, and gabbro, and performed the questionnaire with them. Preservice science teachers needed the average of 3 tools to classify the rocks. Most of the selected tools were loupe, streak plate, hammer and Mohs’ hardness scale. Many preservice science teachers selected basalt and granite samples to classify igneous rocks among 6 kinds of the rocks which were exhibited. However, the results of the identification with the naked eye showed that the right answer rate was significantly different based on what rock sample had been selected. Nobody gave the right answer among 10 students who chose the rhyolite sample, but all of 36 students who picked the basalt sample answered correctly. And $62\%$ of 8 students who chose the andesite sample, 62% of 32 student choosing granite, $7\%$ of 13 students choosing diorite and $44\%$ of 9 students choosing gabbro were correctly answered. In identifying igneous rock samples with the naked eye, most subjects relied on vesicular texture to basalt, and they used textural, color and empirical characters to granite. But, some felt more or less difficulty to distinguish between intermediate and light colors and to recognize porphyry.

• KCID journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2014

In this study, Agricultural Infrastructures of Shincheon-gun in North Korea are investigated using Kompsat-2 and RapidEye satellite imagery. Target agricultural infrastructures are agricultural landuse, irrigation and drainage canals, dammed pools for irrigation and pumping stations. KOMPSAT-2 satellite imagery are use to investigate agricultural hydraulic structures and agricultural landuse are investigated by RapidEye Imagery. Geometric correction are performed using 28 GCP and QUAC method are used for atmospherical correction in all imagery. ISODATA clustering and naked-eye classification method are used for extracting agricultural hydraulic structures and Object-based analysis is applied to classifying the agricultural landuse. Extraction results of agricultural hydraulic structures and agricultural are presented and we suggest the applicability of satellite imagery to investigate agricultural infrastructures in North Korea.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.17B no.6
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• pp.445-458
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• 2010

A Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp(CCFL) is used as a LCD Monitor's backlight widely. The most common way to check CCFL's defects is an examination with the naked eye. This naked eye examination can cause examination inconsistencies and industrial disasters. A shooting environment and detection algorithms are important for finding CCFL defects automatically. This paper presents CCFL defect detection algorithms using images captured under the shooting environment with sidelight which is one of the shooting environment we have suggested. The experimental result shows 4.65% of overdetection and 5.37% of unsuccessful defect detection of CCFL.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 2017

In this paper, we investigate the observations of Venus in daytime that are recorded in the Goryeosa (History of the Goryeo Dynasty, A.D. 918-1392). There are a total of 167 accounts of such observations in this historical book, spanning a period of 378 yr (from 1014 to 1392). These include six accounts where the days of the observation are not specified and two accounts where the phase angles are outside the calculation range of the equation used in our study. We analyze the number distribution of 164 accounts in 16 yr intervals covering the period from 1023 to 1391. We find that this distribution shows its minimum at around 1232, when the Goryeo dynasty moved the capital to the Ganghwa Island because of the Mongol invasion, and its maximum at around 1390, about the time when the dynasty fell. In addition, we calculate the azimuth, altitude, solar elongation, and apparent magnitude of Venus at sunset for 159 observations, excluding the eight accounts mentioned above, using the DE 406 ephemeris and modern astronomical algorithms. We find that the average elongation and magnitude of Venus on the days of those accounts were ${\sim}40^{\circ}$ and -4.5, respectively, whereas the minimum magnitude was -3.8. The results of this study are useful for estimating the practical conditions for observing Venus in daylight with the naked eye and they also provide additional insight into the corresponding historical accounts contained in the Goryeosa.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.469-474
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• 1999

The object of study is analysis to joint crack behavior of cracked joint concrete pavement. In the new constructing concrete pavement, joint crack behavior was compared general joint depth D/4 with joint depth D/3 and D/5 that it's environmental effects changed temperature and humidity. After joint saw cutting joint section was predicted crack at joint depth D/5 test section from the result for monitoring development of crack. In the setting of data logger system of the joint section, it's data compared see with the naked eye. In the research, development of crack at the joint section should effect to joint saw timing latter than joint depth. This performance could be the minimum of deterioration to the early curing. In this research, At new constructing of joint concrete pavement of highway, the monitoring system be setting after finished paving and joint sawing. The system and see with the naked eye could be analysis to pavement behaviors from collecting data at the test section. This system could be monitoring shot term and long term. In this report, joint section of crack behavior analysis used to collected data during a month after paving and joint sawing.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.82-88
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate a point of difference between normal and inferior Korean red ginseng (Naeback red ginseng = red ginseng with white part of clear boundary in phloem and/or xylem of ginseng body, saengnaeback red ginseng red ginseng with white part of indistinct boundary). White part with clear or indistinct boundary in center of ginseng body was observed in inferior red ginseng (naeback and saengnaeback red ginseng), and the differences in the internal color intensity was also found with naked eye. In hunter color values of normal and inferior parts of red ginseng in accordance with particle size, L value was increased with a diminishment in particle size, while a and b value were decreased. Absorbance at visible spectrum did not differ from water and 70% ethanol extract from normal and inferior parts of red ginseng, but absorbance in UV spectrum of extract from naeback part showed higher than those of normal and saengnaeback part. In comparison of intrastructure by electron microscope, the horizontal and vertical section of cortex and pith layer from normal part showed the very dense state, but small holes were found in naeback part of red ginseng by naked eye and electron microscope. The specific surface area of normal, naeback and saengnaeback part appeared 3.02, 3.33 and 6.55 ㎡/g, respectively. From above results, we consider saengnaeback red ginseng is red ginseng in the intermediate process which normal red ginseng changes to naeback red ginseng.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1159-1164
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• 2014

A simple, highly sensitive and selective method based on the rhodamine B-covered gold nanoparticle with dual-readout (colorimetric and fluorometric) detection for $\small{L}$-cysteine is proposed. A mechanism is that citrate-stabilized AuNPs were modified with RB by electrostatic interaction, which enables the nanometal surface energy transfer (NSET) from the RB to the AuNPs, quenching the fluorescence. In the presence of $\small{L}$-cysteine, it was used as a competitor in the NSET by the strongly Au-S bonding to release RB from the Au surface and recover the fluorescence, and the red-to-purple color change quickly, which was monitored simply by the naked eye. Under the optimum conditions, the detection limit is as low as 10 nM. The method possessed the advantages of simplicity, rapidity and sensitivity at the same time. The method was also successfully applied to the determination of $\small{L}$-cysteine in human urine samples, and the results were satisfying.