• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.59 no.9
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• pp.1626-1631
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• 2010

The characteristics of electric current for the voltaic cell are important for electric power applications. In this paper, an electrical equivalent model consist of three resisters and a capacitance for the Cu/NaCl solution/Zn electrochemical cell is proposed. The capacitance which exists in the Zn electrode/electrolytic interface increased according to Zn electrode area, but cannot affect almost in electric current. Complex impedance plot was used to analysis the interface effect for Zn/electrolyte. This result shows that the interface is similar with the electric transmission line. The short current measurements were conducted to investigate the effects of hydrogen peroxide, the watery sulfuric acid and NaCl aqueous solution. As the hydrogen peroxide increased, the electric current increased because the hydrogen gas being converted with the water. Also electric current increased significantly with increase of the hydrogen ion with the watery sulfuric acid and increased with increase of $Na^+$ ion and $Cl^-$ion in the NaCl electrolyte.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.59 no.11
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• pp.2026-2031
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• 2010

The electrical characteristics of galvanic cell which is composed of the cathode electrode(graphite, carbon and copper) and the anode electrode(Zn and Mg) were investigated. For this research as electrolyte 2~12 wt% NaCl aqueous solution were used. At graphite cathode electrodes which use Zn and Mg with the anode electrode, the open circuit voltage was 1.3V most highly. The maximum output power increased as the electrolyte concentration increased, due to a increase in ion density. When Zn and Mg with the anode electrode, the maximum output power respectively was evaluated as 2.2mW and 5.5mW about the graphite cathode electrode in the NaCl 4wt%. The research results indicated that the output power of cell which is composed with graphite with the cathode and Mg with the anode was most excellent and the efficiency of the cell could be enhanced by increasing the electrolyte concentration.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.1002-1006
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• 2010

In this study, magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn) and aluminium (Al) as anode electrode and the solution of NaCl dissolved with 2~20 wt% as electrolytes were used for the metal-air cell. The open circuit voltage, short circuit current and I-V characteristics upon different kinds of anode electrode and electrolyte concentration were investigated. The open circuit voltage, initially about 1.45 V, rises to 1.6 V during the first 10 minutes indicating the necessity of an induction time to activate the catalyst on the air cathode. The short circuit current increases with an increased concentration of NaCl, causes an increase in the conductivity of the electrolyte solution, but the open circuit voltage did not under undergo influence of electrolyte. From NaCl 20 wt% electrolyte, the maximum output power of the magnesium electrode materials was measured with 177mW. It is found that the power characteristics of metal-air cell could be improved by using magnesium electrode materials in the NaCl electrolyte.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.784-788
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• 1999

In this work, we analyzed the viscoelastic characteristics of electrochemically polymerized polypyrrole(PPy) thin film in various electrolyte solutions, $Na_2SO_4,\;Na_2CO_3$ and SDS + $NaClO_4$, using QCA. The characteristics of redox reaction of electrochemically polymerized PPy thin film for 180 sec in each electrolyte, was investigated in 0.1 M $NaClO_4$ electrolyte solution by cyclic voltammetry method. We used one side of quartz crystal electrode as a working electrode and measured the resonant frequency, resonant resistance and current as analytical parameters. As the results, we suggest that electrochemically polymerized PPy thin film in various electrolyte solutions shows tendency changing from elastic characteristics to viscoelastic one in the order of $ClO_4{^{-}}\;+\;DS^-,\;SO_4{^{-2}}$ and $CO_3{^{-2}}$.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.137-146
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• 2014

Objectives: Feasibility of electrochemical oxidation of the aqueous non-biodegradable wastewater such as cationic dye Rhodamine B (RhB) has been investigated in an electrochemical reactor with solid polymer electrolyte (SPE). Methods: Nafion 117 cationic exchange membrane as SPE has been used. Anode/Nafion/cathode sandwiches were constructed by sandwiching Nafion between two dimensionally stable anodes (JP202 electrode). Experiments were conducted to examine the effects of applied current (0.5~2.0 A), supporting electrolyte type (0.2 N NaCl, $Na_2SO_4$, and 1.0 g/L NaCl), initial RhB concentration (2.5~30.0 mg/L) on RhB and COD degradation and $UV_{254}$ absorbance. Results: Experimental results showed that an increase of applied current in electrolysis reaction with solid polymer electrolyte has resulted in the increase of RhB and $UV_{254}$ degradation. Performance for RhB degradation by electrolyte type was best with NaCl 0.2 N followed by SPE, and $Na_2SO_4$. However, the decrease of $UV_{254}$ absorbance of RhB was different from RhB degradation: SPE > NaCl 0.2 N > $Na_2SO_4$. RhB and $UV_{254}$ absorbance decreased linearly with time regardless of the initial concentration. The initial RhB and COD degradation in electrolysis reaction using SPE showed a pseudo-first order kinetics and rate constants were 0.0617 ($R^2=0.9843$) and 0.0216 ($R^2=0.9776$), respectively. Conclusions: Degradation of RhB in the electrochemical reactor with SPE can be achieved applying electrochemical oxidation. Supporting electrolyte has no positive effect on the final $UV_{254}$ absorbance and COD degradation. Mineralization of COD may take a relatively longer time than that of the RhB degradation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.814-819
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• 2010

Porous carbon electrodes with wooden materials are manufactured by molding carbonized wood powder. Electrical properties of the interface for electrolyte and porous carbon electrode are investigated from viewpoint of NaCl electrolyte concentration, capacitance and complex impedance. Density of porous carbon materials is 0.47~0.61 g/$cm^3$. NaCl electrolytic absorptance of the porous carbon materials is 5~30%. As the electrolyte concentration increased, capacitance is increased and electric resistance is decrease with electric double layer effect of the interface. The electric current of the porous carbon electrode compared in the copper and the high density carbon electrode was improved on a large scale, due to a increase in surface area. The circuit current increased as the distance between of the porous carbon electrode and the zinc electrode decreased, due to increase in electric field. Experimental results indicated that the current properties of galvanic cell could be improved by using porous carbon electrode.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1994.07b
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• pp.1550-1552
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• 1994

In order to investigate the effect of electrolyte solutions on the activities of bow-tie water trees in XLPE insulated power cable, we have tried to observe the characteristics on water treeing ( bow-tie type ) using several electrolyte solutions such as $CH_3COOH$, $MgCl_2$,HCl and NaCl solution and tap water. Bow-tie tree density in $CH_3COOH$ and $MgCl_2$ solution was higher than in any other solution, and the growth of tree was stimulated in NaCl and $CH_3COOH$ solution, and diffusion of bow-tie trees into insulation in $MgCl_2$, HCl and NaCl solutions was faster than in $CH_3COOH$ solution and water. Also, although the increase of applied voltage caused bow-tie tree density to be high, it didn't affect the growth of tree maximum length noticeably.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.56-60
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• 2003

The optimal operation conditions of electrofloatation for oil-water separation of soil flushing effluent including electrolyte and pH were investigated. The reactor (200 ${\times}$ 10 ${\times}$ 15 cm) for the experiment was constructed by using acrylic plate. Diesel concentration was 1,000 mg/L in the 1 % mixed surfactant solution ($POE_5$: $POE_{14}$ 1: 1). Titanium coated electrode was used as cathode and stainless steel electrode as anode. Reaction time was 62 minutes (reaction time: 60 min., flotation time: 2 min.) and voltage was 6 V. The separation efficiency of electrofloatation was improved to 40% by electrolyte addition. Furthermore, NaCl (1N) added as electrolyte was showed enhanced efficiency compared to NaOH (1N). While, the effect of both NaCl and NaOH was sequentially increased in the range of 0.2∼1.0% (0.02∼0.1 M). The equilibrium time was found as 20 min. in the range of 0.4∼1.0% (0.04∼0.1M) for both of them.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.194-199
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• 2011

This study has been carried out to evaluate the performance of $PbO_2$ electrode for the purpose of degradation of N,N-Dimethyl-4-nitrosoaniline (RNO, indicator of OH radical), generation of ozone and decolorization of Rhodamine B (RhB) in water. The effect of the applied current (0.2~1.2 A), electrolyte type (NaCl, KCl and $Na_2SO_4$), electrolyte concentration (0.0~2.5 g/L) and solution pH (3~11) were evaluated. Experimental results showed that RhB and RNO removal were increased with the increase of current, NaCl dosage and decrease of pH. Ozone generation tendencies appeared with the almost similar to the RhB and RNO degradation, except of solution pH (Ozone generation was increased with increase of pH). Optimum current for RhB degradation and consumption of electric power was 1.0 A. The RhB degradation with Cl type electrolyte were higher than that with the sulfate type. Optimum NaCl dosage for RhB degradation was 1.0 g/L.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.201-208
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• 2009

Oxidation of phenol in aqueous media by electro-Fenton process using Ru-Sn-Sb/graphite electrode has been studied. Hydrogen peroxide was electrically generated by reaction of dissolved oxygen in acidic solutions containing supporting electrolyte and $Fe^{2+}$ was added in aqueous media. Phenol degradation experiments were performed in the presence of electrolyte media at pH 3. Effect of operating parameters such as current, electrolyte type (NaCl, KCl and $Na_2SO_4$) and concentration, $Fe^{2+}$ concentration, air flow rate and phenol concentration were investigated to find the best experimental conditions for achieving overall phenol removal. Results showed that current of 2 A, NaCl electrolyte concentration of 2g/l, 0.5M concentration of $Fe^{2+}$, air flow rate of 1l/min were the best conditions for mineralization of the phenol by electro-Fenton.