• 어항어장
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• s.77
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• pp.24-28
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• 2006

• Digital Contents
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• no.6 s.37
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• pp.24-31
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• 1996

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.137-142
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• 1993

The possible tumor-promoting activities of sodium chloride (NaCl) and dimethyl itaconate (DMI), one of the quinone reductase inducers, were examined on stomach of male Wistar rats treated with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). Administrations of NaCl and DMI after the initiation by MNNG resulted in various sized masses in the rat forestomach. Histopathologic studies showed that the combination of NaCl and DMI made an enhancing effect on the MNNG-induced carcinogenesis, resulting in papilloma in 5 weeks and squamous cell carcinoma in 20 weeks in submucosal area of forestomach. We also used an in vivo shortterm method for evaluating possible tumor-promoting activity with ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) as a marker. The markable inductions of the ODC activities by MNNG, NaCl, and DMI were found in the pyloric mucosa of rat stomach in time-dependent manners. A single administration of MNNG induced ODC activity up to 288 pmol $CO_2$/hr/mg protein at 24 hr after the administration. NaCl caused induction of ODC with a maximum of 179 pmol $CO_2$/hr/mg protein at 8 hr after the administration. ODC was induced up to 539 pmol $CO_2$/hr/mg protein at 16 hr after the administration of DMI. Additional treatment of NaCl and NaCl plus DMl caused 2 fold and 7 fold increases, respectively, in the ODC activity of the MNNG-alone group at 24 hr after the administration. These results suggest that NaCl and DMI have promoting activities in the rat gastric carcinogenesis initiated by MNNG.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.169-174
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• 2007

In this study, we examined the characteristics of alkali gelatinization of corn starch. Here, the degree of corn starch gelatinization increased exponentially with the NaOH concentration of the starch slurry. The alkali gelatinization initiation point (AGIP) was obtained from the intersection point of gelatinization slope line, which resulted from the regression of the logarithmic degree of gelatinization, and was markedly changed. The effects of temperature and corn starch concentration on alkali gelatinization were studied with a 10%(w/w) corn starch suspension. We found that this corn starch suspension gelatinized in 24.1 meq/g starch of NaOH at $40^{\circ}C$, and in 9.8 meq NaOH/g starch at $60^{\circ}C$. Moreover, a 40%(w/w) corn starch suspension gelatinized with 9.5 meq NaOH/g starch, even at $40^{\circ}C$. These results indicate that the amount of alkali added for the gelatinization of corn starch has an inverse relationship with the temperature and concentration of corn starch.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.24 no.3 s.174
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• pp.603-612
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• 2000

Corrosion characteristics on the 12Cr alloy steel of turbine blade was electro-chemically investigated in 3.5wt% NaCI and 12.7wt% Na2S04 solution, respectively. Electro-chemical polarization test, Huey test and Oxalic acid etching test were previously conducted to estimate corrosion susceptibility of the material. And, using the horizontal corrosion fatigue tester, corrosion fatigue characteristics of 12Cr alloy steel in distilled water, 3.5wt% NaCI solution, and 12.7wt%(1M) Na2S04 solution were also fracture-mechanically estimated and compared their results. Parameter considered was room temperature, 60'C and 90'C. Corrosion fatigue crack length was measured by DC potential difference method.Obtained results are as follows,1) 12Cr alloy steel showed high corrosion rate in 3.5wt% NaCI solution and Na2S04 solution at high tempratue.2) Intergranular corrosion sensitivity of 12 Cr alloy was smaller than austenitic stainless steel.3) Corrosion fatigue crack growth rate in 3.5wt% NaCI and 12.7wt%(IM) Na2S04 solution is entirely higher than in the distilled water, and also increased with the temperature increase.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.577-585
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate eating behavior, nutritional status and health conditions of college students attempting a weight control. The subjects are 88 students of the Daegu area. Their weight, height, triceps, and mid-arm circumference were measured and their dietary intake and eating behavior were obtained by using questionnaires. The 24-hour recall was obtained from the subjects. The results are summarized as follows: The average height, weight and BMI of the attempt and no-attempt male and female students were 171.2cm, 70.7kg and 24.1; 170.4cm, 79.9kg and 27.5; 159.3cm, 60.9kg and 24.0; 157.7cm 60.1kg and 24.2, respectively. Energy intake of the attempt and no-attempt male and female group was 63.9%, 61.8%, 76.2% and 83.9% of RDA respectively. Protein intake of each group was 97.5%, 83.9%, 60.1% and 67.3% of RDA respectively. The following items registered a negative correlation weight and carbohydrate, weight and Na intake, weight and vitamin C intake, PIBW and Na intake, TSF and fiber intake, TSF and Na intake, TSF and vitamin C intake, MAMC and Na intake, and MAMC and vitamin C intake. A relative magnitude of factors affecting weight control was analyzed by Stepwise multiple regression analysis. Overall results about relative influence of independent variables to the dependent variable(weight control) indicated that the BMI (p<0.01) was the most significantly correlated with weight control in all subjects. The results of this study suggest that the extensive nutrition education in the weight control program should be emphasized to prevent obesity early.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.55-59
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• 2015

Research about the proton nuclear reaction is actively achieving on the proton therapy including material development of fusion reactor. The proton induced gamma ray energy(2754, 1386 keV) spectrum of 27Al(p,3p+n)24Na reaction was measured with 100 MeV high energy proton beam. The proton beam in the experiment was derived from 100 MeV proton linear accelerator in the KOMAC. We measured the gamma ray intensity ratio of the decay level from the energy spectrum. The previous results have been compared with the current result. Strength of measured gamma rays will provide very important information though decide high energy gamma radiation detection efficiency.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.105-116
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• 1971

The effects of aconite root in rats and rabbits were studied following oral administration of the powder which was prepared by lyophilization of the decoction of the salted aconite roots. The $LD_{50}$ of the powder, the blood picture, total blood volume, uptake rate of ${42}^K$ and ${24}^Na$ in various organs, oxygen consumption, thyroid activity, and histopathological changes in various organs, were observed. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The $LD_{50}$ of the powder of decoction of the aconite root was 4.07g/kg of body weight in mice which is equivalent to approximately 40g/kg of the salted aconite roots. 2. The number of erythrocytes and leukocytes, hematocrit value, and the amount of hemoglobin in blood were increased in the rats administered daily dosages of 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0g/kg respectively. No significant differences were observed in the differential count of leukocytes. A slight tendency of hemoconcentration was recognized. 3. No changes in the erythrocyte volume, plasma volume and total blood volume were observed in the rats after administration of the powder for one, three, and six days. However, those were decreased in rats treated for ten days. 4. Generally, in various organs of rats the uptake rate of ${24}^Na$ showed a tendency of increasing but that of ${42}^K$ slowed a decreasing tendency. 5. The oxygen consumption was markedly decreased in rats administered the powder. 6. Iodine-131 uptake of thyroid gland was markedly decreased in the rabbits following administration of the powder. 7. In rabbits administered 0.5g/kg for 20 days, fatty changes of hepatic cells, cloudy swelling of the epithelial cells of proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney and the dilation of splenic sinuses were observed, however, milder changes were found in rabbits treated with 0.1g/kg for the same period.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 1983

Effects of SITS (4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyano-2, 2'-disulfonic stilbene) on a $Na^+$ transport, tissue oxygen consumption and Na-K-ATPase activity were studied in isolated frog skin preparations. $Na^+$ transport was estimated by measuring the short-circuit current(SC) across the skin; oxygen consumption was measured in separated epidermis as well as in intact skin; and Na-K-ATPase was assayed in $24,000{\times}g$ fraction of epidermal homogenates. The SCC across the skin Was rapidly and substantially reduced in the presence of 10 mM SITS in the medium bathing the outside(mucosal) surface of the skin. When the drug was added to the inside(serosal) bathing medium, there was about 20 min delay for inhibition of SCC and the effect was less pronounced. The above effect of SITS was independent of the presence of $Cl^-$ in the bathing medium. The oxygen consumption of the skin tissue was not affected by SITS, but the Na-K-ATPase activity of a subcellular fraction of the skin was significantly inhibited. These results suggest that SITS retards $Na^+$ transport across the frog skin primarily by interfering $Na^+$ entry across the mucosal membrance of the epithelial cell, although an effect on $Na^+$ pump can not be ruled out completely.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.215-224
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• 2020

Seawater adaptability of steelhead trout increases along with the increase in the size of the fish, independent of parr-smolt transformation. Three 96 h seawater challenge tests were conducted to determine the size at which seawater adaptability of steelhead trout develops. Plasma Na⁺ and Cl^- levels, moisture content, gill Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase activity, and mortality during the 96 h after direct transfer to seawater (32 ppt) were determined. Plasma Na⁺ and Cl^- levels in 50 g fish continuously increased during the 96 h after the transfer to seawater (p<0.05), but the levels in 100 and 150 g fish leveled off after 24 h (p<0.05). Both 100 and 150 g size steelhead trout maintained muscle moisture content (%) better than 50 g size fish (p<0.05). Gill Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase activity in the 100 g size group increased in a time-dependent manner after transfer to seawater (p<0.05), whereas activity in the 50 and 150 g sizes did not increase (p>0.05), for which a possible explanation was discussed. A mere 2.6% mortality in both the 50 and 150 g size groups was observed. In conclusion, the current results indicate that 50 g size steelhead trout did not show development of a high level of hypoosmoregulatory capacity, whereas fish in the 100 and 150 g size groups showed a high level in our experimental conditions. Therefore, the steelhead trout larger than a 100 g size is recommended for transfer to seawater culture.