• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.337-342
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• 2009

This work was conducted to investigate the manure excreta and chemical compositions of layers. Two hundred 1-d-old ISA Brown layers were used in this work, and ten of 200 layers were selected for measurement of manure excreta with feeding phase. Means of the manure excreta per bird, the moisture content of poultry, and the dried manure were $124.7\;{\pm}\;27.5\;g$/bird/day, $76.9\;{\pm}\;1.9%$, and $29.1\;{\pm}\;3.9\;g$/bird/day, respectively. N, $P_2O_5$, and $K_2O$ of manure (55 weeks) were $1.39\;{\pm}\;0.139$, $0.62\;{\pm}\;0.11$ and $0.68\;{\pm}\;0.09%$, respectively. pH, $BOD_5$, $COD_{Mn}$, and suspended solids (SS) were $8.19\;{\pm}\;0.71$, $50,266\;{\pm}\;621\;mg/L$, $62,832\;{\pm}\;803\;mg/L$, and $121,725\;{\pm}\;16,165\;mg/L$, respectively. Heavy metal contents in the manure were $0.003\;{\pm}\;0.0013\;ppm$ for Hg and $0.008\;{\pm}\;0.0012\;ppm$ for Pb, the latter of which was highly low compared with the standard (150 ppm), but no Cd was detected. The results of this work show the average excretion amounts and chemical compositions of layer's manure, which is used as an organic fertilizer.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.133-141
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• 2007

There are produced more than 600,000 tons of seaweeds every year along the coast of the Korea. Jeonnam province, south-west coast area, of Korea is producing 93% of total amounts of seaweeds. The laver, sea mustard, and tangleweed maintain stability in the output and has been exported as a simple product processing through drying or salting. It was evaluated the low value-added products and limited the expansion for the consumption of seaweeds. The seaweeds contains 40-60% carbohydrate and structurally different compared with land plant. The dietary fiber from seaweeds has been known the function of facilitating the bowl movement, excretion the heavy metal in the body, lowering the blood cholesterol level, anti-coagulant of blood, and anticancer. Especially, brown algae including sea mustard, seaweed fusiforme, and tangleweed contains alginic acid, laminarin, mannitol, fucoidan which are lowering the blood cholesterol level, lowering blood pressure, and fusion of blood clot. Agar-agar, carrageenan, and porphyran compound in red algae are known to antimutagenicity and anticoagulant function. In spite of potential of seaweed as a main bio-resource, there are lack of research to facilitate the consumption with its functional properties and consumers are unsatisfied with simple processing products. Also, the seaweed by-product dump into the sea and cause pollution of the seawater. Therefore, there are needed the scheme to promote the consumption of seaweeds. The development of value-added products, finding functional properties from seaweeds, development the functional feed for animal using seaweed by-products, and utilization of unused algae for food or other industrial uses will increase fisherman's income as well as serve as an aid for the people health due to its functional properties. Using by-product of seaweed and unexploited seaweed are needed to development of bio-degradable food packaging material and functional feed for animal.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.227-236
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory actions of Hericium erinaceus mycelia in BALB/C mice injected with lopopolysaccharide (LPS), called endotoxin. Mice (6 weeks of age) weighing approximately $24.73\pm0.11$ g were divided into 5 groups and were fed on the experimental diets containing Hericium erinaceus mycelia powder (HMP) for 1 week. Experimental groups were NC (normal control), HMP-C (HMP control), LC (LPS control), HMP 3%, and HMP 10%. Endotoxin shock was induced by intraperitoneal injection of LPS (100 mg/kg BW). NC and HMP-C groups were injected with saline solution (100 mg/kg BW). Food efficiency ratio were significantly (p<0.05) decreased in the HMP supplementation groups. Total fat and $\beta$-glucan excretion were higher in HMP supplementation groups than NC and LC groups, while plasma TG level was not different among groups. Plasma ALT levels were significantly (p<0.05) lower in the HMP supplementation groups than in LC group at 8 hr after LPS injection, while tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ and interleukine-6 levels of plasma were not different among groups. Hepatic superoxide dismutase, glutathione-reductase (GSH-red), and glutathione-peroxidase activities were higher in the HMP supplementation groups than in LC group at 4 hr after intraperitoneal injection of LPS. Hepatic GSH levels and protein expression of GSH-red was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the HMP supplemented groups than in LC group at 1 hr, 4 hr and 8 hr after LPS injection. From the above results, it is concluded that Hericium erinaceus mycelia may ameliorate hepatic oxidative stress by LPS through the elevation of hepatic glutathione level and antioxidant enzyme activities, which support the hepatoprotective effect of Hericium erinaceus mycelia.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.428-436
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• 2008

This study was carried out to compare the effects of whey protein concentrate, its hydrolysates and macropeptide fractions obtained from papain treatment of whey protein on lipid levels and appetite-related hormones in obesity model rats induced by high fat diet. Four week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed high fat (18% w/w) and low protein (10% w/w) diet for 4 weeks and then divided into four groups (n=8/group). Rats were fed high fat diets containing various nitrogen sources; 10% whey protein concentrate (10WPC), 25% whey protein concentrate (25WPC), 25% whey protein hydrolysates (25WH), and 25% whey macropeptide fractions (25WP, MW$\geq$10,000), respectively for 6 weeks. There were no significant differences in body weight gain and food intake among groups. A significant decrease of total lipid, triglyceride in serum was observed in 25WH and 25WP groups. Total lipid and triglyceride contents of the liver were significantly decreased in 25WPC, 25WH and 25WP groups compared with 10WPC group. However, in the liver, there were no differences in the contents of total lipid and triglyceride among 25WPC, 25WH and 25WP groups. The daily amounts of feces were significantly increased in 25WH and 25WP groups and the excretion of total lipid and triglyceride were significantly increased in 25WH group. Serum glucose and insulin concentration were significantly decreased in 25WH group. The concentration of serum ghrelin was significantly decreased in the 25WPC, 25WH and 25WP groups compared with 10WPC group. However, there was no significant difference in the concentration of serum leptin among groups. These results suggest that whey protein hydrolysates and macropeptide fractions may show beneficial effects on the lipid profile in serum and liver, appetite regulation and insulin resistance in obesity model rats induced by high fat diet.