• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.269-273
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• 1974

This present investigation was concerned with the content of ash, Mg, Ca, K and N'a of bone, cartilage, incisor teeth and molar teeth in rats of different weights. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. Cartilage is the most adequate model for the study in vivo of mechanisms concerned with normal calcification. 2. The percentage of inorganic material in cartilage rose from approx 13% of the dry weight in 5g rat to 46% in the tissue from rats weighing 134g 3. There was no marked change in the content of ash, Ca, Mg, K and Na after eruptions due to the increasing weight.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.70-74
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• 2016

A new method to utilize spent mushroom substrates (SMS) for ethanol production was investigated. Analysis of the chemical properties of SMS revealed that they were decomposed by the mushrooms during cultivation. In particular, the free sugar content in SMS was reduced to half of that in mushrooms. Of the tested SMS, the Pleurotus eryngii SMS was determined to be suitable for saccharification. Upon pretreatment with a 1% alkaline solution, Pleurotus eryngii SMS achieved 80.7% of its maximum saccharification ratio. The optimum pretreatment conditions for enzyme saccharification were 1% NaOH solution at $120^{\circ}$ for 60 min. Further studies are required to determine ethanol production using Pleurotus eryngii SMS.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.103-110
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• 2019

Cu(In,Ga)₃Se₅ (β-CIGS) has a band gap of 1.35 eV, which is an optimum value for high solar-energy conversion efficiency. The effects of Cu and Ga content on the cell performance were investigated previously. However, the effect of Se content on the cell performance is not well understood yet. In this work, β-CIGS films were fabricated by three-stage co-evaporation of elemental sources with various Se fluxes at the third stage instead of at all stages. The average composition of five samples was Cu_1.05(In_0.59,Ga_0.41)3Se_y, where the stoichiometric y value is 5.03 and the stoichiometric Se/metal (Se/M) ratio is 1.24. We varied the Se/metal ratio in a range from 1.18 to 1.28. We found that the best efficiency was achieved when the Se/M ratio was 1.24, which is exactly the stoichiometric value where the CIGS grains on the CIGS surface were tightly connected and faceted. With the optimum Se/M ratio, we were able to enhance the cell efficiency of a β-CIGS solar cell from 9.6% to 12.0% by employing a Na₂S post deposition treatment. Our results indicate that Na₂S post deposition treatment is very effective to enhance the cell efficiency to a level on par with that in α-CIGS cell.

• Mycobiology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 2005

Pot greenhouse experiments were carried out to attempt to increase the salinity tolerance of one of the most popular legume of the world; cowpea; by using dual inoculation of an Am fungus Glomus clarum and a nitrogen-fixer Azospirillum brasilense. The effect of these beneficial microbes, as single- or dual inoculation-treatments, was assessed in sterilized loamy sand soil at five NaCl levels ($0.0{\sim}7.\;2ds/m$) in irrigating water. The results of this study revealed that percentage of mycorrhizal infection, plant height, dry weight, nodule number, protein content, nitrogenase and phosphatase activities, as well as nutrient elements N, P, K, Ca, Mg were significantly decreased by increasing salinity level in non-mycorrhized plants in absence of NFB. Plants inoculated with NFB showed higher nodule numbers, protein content, nitrogen concentration and nitrogenase activities than those of non-inoculated at all salinity levels. Mycorrhized plants exhibited better improvement in all measurements than that of non-mycorrhized ones at all salinity levels, especially, in the presence of NFB. The concentration of $Na^+$ was significantly accumulated in cowpea plants by rising salinity except in shoots of mycorrhizal plants which had $K^+/Na^+$ ratios higher than other treatments. This study indicated that dual inoculation with Am fungi and N-fixer Azospirillum can support both needs for N and P, excess of NaCl and will be useful in terms of soil recovery in saline area.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.119-128
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• 1973

Tocopherol, Se and garlic powder were dieted to hatched chick breeding. The Se content of certain organs is influenced by garlic powder supply. The high Se content for the testis was a function of the vitamin E uptake. Effect of low dose of Se on the growth and survival of rat were examined under the diet of $2\;{\mu}g/ml$ of Se in drinking water either in the form of $Na_2SeO_3$ or $Na_2SeO_4$. The females were dead in early ages while the males were not influenced by dieting the selenite did not make males dying rapidly at early ages and males were less growth depressed. The previously known fact that garlic act as a tonics may be attributable to its high contents of Se and sulfur-containing amino acids which are closely related to vitamin E. Further details on the dietary mechanisms of the Se, vitamin E, and garlic powder are described in this paper.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.207-212
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• 1970

The fellowing results are obtained by experiment on the variation of enzyme activity during pickling anchovy (Engraulis japenicus) in vinegar. 1) Protease activity increased during brine-salting. It decreased for a short time by tile addition of acetic acid and gradually changed at an invariable ratio during pickling. 2) Lipase activity decreased during brine salting but increased temporarily by the addition of vinegar, after this no fixed tendency could he observed during pickling whereas acid value abviously increased. 3) VBN (Volatile basic nitrogen) and NaCl content quickly increased during brine salting. During pickling VBN increased slowly while NaCl content scarcely varied. 4) The bacterial plate count decreased suddenly when the anchovy were placed in brine but it increased during brine salting and decreased again when anchovy were pickled and the number of count remained the same thereafter. 5) To maintain preservation effects, the acidity of the vinegar must be maintained more than $2\%$ in the muscle. 6) Based on this experimental condition, it transpires that 8 days of immersion In brine produces sufficient salt concentration in the muscles. From the results of VBN, acidity, amino nitrogen, lipase activity, and organoleptic tests, the quality of pickle was still preserved after 47 days and taste of the pickle seemed best on the thirty second day of the storage.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.682-688
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• 2016

Food waste has recognized one of useful sources for potentially agricultural application to supply organic matter and nutrients in arable soil. However, there was little information on application of food waste compost related to the maturity and NaCl content in arable soil. This study evaluated the effect of food waste compost application on yield and fertility in soil under flooding and upland condition. The yields in rice and pepper cultivation decreased with increasing the rate of food waste compost application in soil (p<0.05). Maximum yields of rice ($49.0g\;plant^{-1}$) and pepper ($204g\;plant^{-1}$) were shown at 10 and $30Mg\;ha^{-1}$ of food waste compost application, respectively. The N, P, and K contents in grain and plant residues increased by the application of food waste compost, there was no difference on Na/K ratio in plant tissue among the treatments. Application of food waste compost resulted in the increase of pH, EC, TC, available P contents in soil after crop harvest, especially, which was shown the increase of the CEC and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) contents in irrespective of water condition. In conclusion, application of food waste compost in soil was effective on the supply of the organic matter and nutrient. However, it might need caution to apply food waste compost for sustainable productivity in arable soil because of potential Na accumulation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.381-384
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• 2008

The artificial lightweight aggregate was manufactured using stone-dust(SD) and bottom ash(BA) from crushed aggregate manufacture process and thermoelectric power plant respectively. The properties of artificial lightweight aggregate according to mixing ratio of SD and BA was that the density was decreased and the absorption was increased with increasing BA content, because bottom ash was contained many unburned carbon and $Fe_2O_3$ which generates gas by oxidation during a sintering process. The appropriate mixing ratio of SD and BA was estimated at about 5:5. The properties of artificial lightweight aggregate according to addition flux admixture was that it had lower density with increasing of $Na_2SO_4$ content. In this study, we could developed the artificial lightweight aggregate as the bulk density was $1.52g/cm^3$ and water absorption 7.3% under the condition that mixing ratio of SD:BA was 5:5, $Na_2SO_4$, $Fe_2O_3$ 1%, sintering temperature $1,150^{\circ}C$ and sintering time 15mins.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.20-24
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• 2003

Proline is known as an osmotrotectant to enhance tolerance against both salt and dehydration stresses. A P5CS ($\Delta^1$-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase) plays a major role in regulation of synthesis of proline. An overexpression of the mothbean P5CS gene in transgenic tobacco plant increased the levels of proline and osmotolerance. In an attempt to look for the possibility to use content of proline as well as a level of P5CS gene expression as molecular markers for salt tolerance, the amounts of proline and transcript levels of P5CS were measured as functions of either concentration of NaCl or length of treatment period among different species of zoysiagrass. Hybridzoysia showed the highest level of proline ($329\mu\textrm{g}$/g.f.w.) among five different species of zoysiagrass at 250 mM NaCl in 24 hours. The level of P5CS transcript was also the highest in the hybridzoysia at 250 mM NaCl in 24 hours. The transcriptions of P5CS gene were induced at the rates of 1.2, 1.2, 1.8, and 1.8, upon treatment of 250 mM NaCl in Z. japonica, Z. matrella, Z. sinica and hybridzoysia respectively. Based on a correlation between the level of P5CS transcript and the proline content among different species of zoysiagrass, a comparative structural analysis of the gene for P5CS from either Z. sinica or hybridzoysia may lead to an understanding of mechanism for salt tolerance shown differently among zoysiagrasses.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.369-375
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• 2018

This study investigated the effects of selected seaweeds on rice koji preparation (rice inoculated with Aspergillus luchuensis) and enzyme activity. Four types of rice koji were prepared using one of three seaweeds (0.5% laver, 0.5% kelp and 0.5% green laver) or a control for 72 h. The changes in the moisture content, water activity, pH, total mold cell count, amylase and protease activities were measured. During preparation, there was no significant difference in the moisture content among the four kojis, whereas the pH in the kojis made with either laver or green laver decreased rapidly compared with the control (P<0.05). This seemed to result from the seaweeds promoting the growth of mold cells. In terms of the activities of both amylase and protease, the koji with laver was superior. Subsequently, the amylase and protease activities of the koji made with laver were evaluated at various pHs (3 to 9), temperatures ($15-55^{\circ}C$) and NaCl concentrations (0-10%). The activities of both enzymes decreased notably at pH 9 and the protease activity decreased at temperatures above $45^{\circ}C$. Although the activities of both enzymes decreased at greater than 2.5% NaCl, activity was present at 10% NaCl.