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Influential Job-Related Characteristics for the Job Satisfaction and Turnover Possibility of Dental Hygienists (치과위생사의 직무만족과 이직가능성에 영향을 미치는 직무관련특성 요인)

  • Lee, Chun-Sun;Park, So-Yong;Park, Hye-Min;You, Youn;Shin, Eun-Kyung;Chae, Song-I;Han, Seong-Ok;Oh, Hye-Young
    • Journal of dental hygiene science
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    • v.12 no.6
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    • pp.666-674
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    • 2012
  • The purpose of this study was to examine the job-related characteristics of dental hygienists affecting their job satisfaction and turnover possibility. The subjects in this study were 297 dental hygienists who worked in dental hospitals and clinics in the metropolitan area. The dental hygienists who worked for three to less than five years, who were unmarried and who didn't benefit from any incentive systems expressed a greater satisfaction, and those who were married, whose workplaces were established jointly with other dental institutions in the form of a network and whose workplaces offered incentives were more likely to change their employment. As for influential factors for job satisfaction and turnover possibility, the respondents whose workplaces were established jointly with other dental institutions were less satisfied, and a larger number of patients and better communication led to higher satisfaction. Those who worked in general hospitals were more likely to change their employment, and better welfare benefits, more appropriate length of working hours and a larger number of patients led to lower turnover responsibility. The findings of the study ascertained that working environments were one of the factors to impact on job satisfaction and turnover possibility, and both of hospitals and dental hygienists should make an effort to improve working environments.

A Study on the Stressors of Dental Hygienists and Student Hygienists during the Clinical Practice by Medical Center Type (임상실습 시 병원형태별 치과위생사와 실습학생이 경험하게 되는 스트레스 요인에 관한 연구)

  • Jang, Sung-Yeon;Kwon, Soon-Bok;Yang, Seung-Kyeong
    • Journal of dental hygiene science
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    • v.12 no.6
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    • pp.682-688
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    • 2012
  • This study investigates the stressors of dental hygienists and student hygienists during the bedside training by the medical center type. The survey is based on some dental hygienists who are working for dental college hospitals, general hospitals, dental hospitals and dental clinics in Seoul and Gyeonggi area which the Clinical Practice of dental hygienics students is under way in. Included are the students who are studying dental hygienics at Kyungbok University and have taken the bedside training in dental college hospitals, general hospitals, dental hospitals and dental clinics. A statistical analysis shows the following results using SPSS program. By medical center type, dental hygienists described the clinical practice of students as relatively satisfying. It also found that there is a positive correlation between stress zones, and they feel most stressed in the "Role and Activity" zone. Student hygienists felt relatively satisfied with the bedside training, and there is a positive correlation between stress zones except "Practice". It found students, who have taken the bedside training in all types of medical centers except dental clinics, felt most stressed in "Environment". It also found that students who have taken the bedside training in dental clinics felt most stressed in "Role and Activity". In conclusion, most of the dental hygienists are satisfied with students' clinical practice by pattern of hospital. Positive correlation was shown between stress factors. Behavior and attitude and ideal and value are high in stress in college dental hospitals, role and activity and treatment fields are high in stress in dental hospital, and interpersonal relationships are high in stress in dental clinics.

Bias Voltage Dependence of Magnetic Tunnel Junctions Comprising Double Barriers and CoFe/NiFeSiB/CoFe Free Layer (CoFe/NiFeSiB/CoFe 자유층을 갖는 이중장벽 자기터널접합의 바이어스전압 의존특성)

  • Lee, S.Y.;Rhee, J.R.
    • Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.120-123
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    • 2007
  • The typical double-barrier magnetic tunnel junction (DMTJ) structure examined in this paper consists of a Ta 45/Ru 9.5/IrMn 10/CoFe7/$AlO_x$/free layer/AlO/CoFe 7/IrMn 10/Ru 60 (nm). The free layer consists of an $Ni_{16}Fe_{62}Si_8B_{14}$ 7 nm, $Co_{90}Fe_{10}$ (fcc) 7 nm, or CoFe $t_1$/NiFeSiB $t_2$/CoFe $t_1$ layer in which the thicknesses $t_1$ and $t_2$ are varied. The DMTJ with an NiFeSiB-free layer had a tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) of 28%, an area-resistance product (RA) of $86\;k{\Omega}{\mu}m^2$, a coercivity ($H_c$) of 11 Oe, and an interlayer coupling field ($H_i$) of 20 Oe. To improve the TMR ratio and RA, a DMTJ comprising an amorphous NiFeSiB layer that could partially substitute for the CoFe free layer was investigated. This hybrid DMTJ had a TMR of 30%, an RA of $68\;k{\Omega}{\mu}m^2$, and a of 11 Oe, but an increased of 37 Oe. We confirmed by atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy that increased as the thickness of NiFeSiB decreased. When the amorphous NiFeSiB layer was thick, it was effective in retarding the columnar growth which usually induces a wavy interface. However, if the NiFeSiB layer was thin, the roughness was increased and became large because of the magnetostatic $N{\acute{e}}el$ coupling.

Effect of Pyroligneous Acid Liquor on the Maturity of Pig Manure Compost (목초액 처리가 돈분퇴비의 부숙도에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Jong-Eun;Hong, Joo-Hwa;Chang, Ki-Woon;Hwang, Joon-Young
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.38 no.2
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    • pp.101-107
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    • 2005
  • To investigate the effect of pyroligneous acid liquor (PAL) on the maturity of pig manure compost, PAL was treated to the compost piles. The treatments included applications of 100 and 300 times diluted PAL in addition to the control. The compost piles were stirred in three times at the 1st, 10th, and 25th day of composting. Temperature in the compost pile of control treatment increased from 28 to $60^{\circ}C$ within 10 days and remained nearly at the level until 30th day, then it began to decrease. On the other hand, temperature of the PAL-100 and PAL-300 treatments reached 65 to $70^{\circ}C$ within 8 days and became stabilized until 30th day, then the temperature decreased to about $28^{\circ}C$. However, the temperature of control was stabilized approximately at the 40th day. Initially, the pH of control treatment dropped from 8.2 to slightly above pH 8.0 during 4th day, but that of the PAL-100 treatment declined to 7.8. Among treatments, pH value of PAL-100 treatment was the lowest, which was about 7.3 after becoming stabilization. Also the germination index (GI) was increased at all treatments. The C/N ratio range of PAL-100 treatment was better balanced than others and was at 24.3. Moreover the round paper chromatogram of extracted solution of compost of PAL-100 treatment was the sharpest and clearest among treatments. The GI values of control, PAL-100, and PAL-300 in 60 days of composting were about 108, 120, and 118 in germination test using chinese cabbage, respectively. It can be concluded that the addition of diluted PAL solution is effective in composting of pig manure.

Evaluation of Drainage Improvement Effect Using Geostatistical Analysis in Poorly Drained Sloping Paddy Soil (경사지 배수불량 논에서 배수개선 효과의 지구통계적 기법을 이용한 평가)

  • Jung, Ki-Yuol;Yun, Eul-Soo;Park, Ki-Do;Park, Chang-Young
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.43 no.6
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    • pp.804-811
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    • 2010
  • The lower portion of sloping paddy fields normally contains excessive moisture and the higher water table caused by the inflow of ground water from the upper part of the field resulting in non-uniform water content distribution. Four drainage methods namely Open Ditch, Vinyl Barrier, Pipe Drainage and Tube Bundle for multiple land use were installed within 1-m position from the lower edge of the upper embankment of sloping alluvial paddy fields. Knowledge of the spatial variability of soil water properties is of primary importance for management of agricultural lands. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of drainage in the soil on spatial variability of soil water content using the geostatistical analysis. The soil water content was collected by a TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) sensor after the installation of subsurface drainage on regular square grid of 80 m at 20 m paddy field located at Oesan-ri, Buk-myeon, Changwon-si in alluvial slopping paddy fields ($35^{\circ}22^{\prime}$ N, $128^{\circ}35^{\prime}$). In order to obtain the most accurate field information, the sampling grid was divided 3 m by 3 m unit mesh by four drainage types. The results showed that spatial variance of soil water content by subsurface drainage was reduced, though yield of soybean showed the same trends. Value of "sill" of soil water content with semivariogram was 9.7 in Pipe Drainage, 86.2 in Open Ditch, and 66.8 in Vinyl Barrier and 15.7 in Tube Bundle.

Effect of antioxidation and antibacterial activity on crude extract and Characterization of American Cockroaches (Periplaneta americana L.) in Korea (국내 서식 미국바퀴(Periplaneta americana L.)의 특성 및 추출물의 항산화·항균 효과)

  • Kim, Jung-Eun;Kim, Seon-Gon;Kang, Sung-Ju;Kim, Chun-Sung;Choi, Yong-Soo
    • Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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    • v.53 no.2
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    • pp.135-142
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    • 2015
  • The American cockroaches, Periplaneta americana L. was the most important worldwide pest species. It has been an public health problems. We were determinated life cycle and extraction of crude extracts by chemical reagents from cockraches (P. americana L.). The extracted crude solution has been antibacterial activity to gram negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, $6.44{\pm}1.03mm$), gram positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, $1.88{\pm}0.40mm$), and fungus (Candida albicans, $5.61{\pm}0.57mm$) using radial diffusion assay. We were analysed of up-regulation of Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) stimulation, indicating that antioxidantial protein from various classes are simultaneously expressed in a single insect upon infection or injury. The gene from Periplaneta americana L. were cloned, analysed sequence, and measured protein expression by Real Time PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction).

On Listening, Reflection and Meditation in Vedānta (베단따의 '듣기·숙고하기·명상하기'(문·사·수)에 관하여)

  • Park, Hyo-yeop
    • Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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    • v.116
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    • pp.155-180
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    • 2010
  • The three means of listening, reflection and meditation (${\acute{s}}raava{\d{n}}a$, manana and $nididhy{\bar{a}}sana$) which are central devices of practice in $Ved{\bar{a}}nta$ philosophy should be understood not as a continuative step but as a methodological extension on condition of having one and the same purpose. In other words, the three means should be interpreted in a listening-oriented manner, in which the process has to be methodologically extended to reflection and meditation only when the direct knowledge on the reality is not gained in listening. This kind of interpretation can be more justified by displaying significant characteristics of Indian philosophy implied in the three means. It can be easily said that $Ved{\bar{a}}nta$ belonging to the liberation-centric tradition is a project of 'regaining essential self' through which the self becomes essential self by knowing that self. In this case the listening-oriented interpretation coincides with the basic teachings of $Ved{\bar{a}}nta$, since listening alone can be a sufficient means for obtaining knowledge of the original self. Further, as the project of 'regaining essential self' is carried out by the three means, these can be called a sort of 'event' that is carried out according to the scenario of $Ved{\bar{a}}ntic$ metaphysics. In this case listening is a course of comprehending the scenario of event participated by oneself, and that participant can accomplish the project by way of listening the scenario alone judged as somewhat more effective for liberation. However, in the later $Ved{\bar{a}}nta$ there arises a meditation-oriented interpretation of which three means are regarded not as a methodological extension but as a continuative step, because of the emphasis on meditation under the lasting influence of other philosophical systems. This is a result of epistemic desire that tries to convert what is heard to what is specially perceived or what is given to what is accepted. It may be said that this interpretation emphasizing the phased transition from the indirect to the direct of knowledge is an attempt to rationalize the repetitive delay of event as the actual failure of project. Furthermore, an assertion of the later $Ved{\bar{a}}nta$ which refers the fourth means called $sam{\bar{a}}dhi$ is based on the logic that the self-realization is possible apart from and outside the text, and accordingly it is incompatible with an assertion of the early $Ved{\bar{a}}nta$ that the self-realization is a reproduction as it is of the scenario guided by the absolute text. After all, the standard interpretation on the three means in $Ved{\bar{a}}nta$ have to be the listening-oriented, but not be the meditation-oriented or the $sam{\bar{a}}dhi$-oriented.

Une étude sur les textes théâtrals de Young-Sun Yun: L'écriture théâtrale sur la mort et le deuil (윤영선 희곡 연구: 죽음과 애도의 글쓰기)

  • Ahn, chiwoon
    • Journal of Korean Theatre Studies Association
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    • no.52
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    • pp.117-157
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    • 2014
  • Cette ${\acute{e}}tude$ est pour l'objectif de rechercher sur $l^{\prime}{\acute{e}}criture$ $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}trale$ de la mort et le deuil dans les $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}tres$ chez Young-sun Yun(1954-2007) ${\grave{a}}$ travers des textes dramatiques ${\acute{e}}crits$ par $lui-m{\hat{e}}me$, qui ${\acute{e}}tait$ aussi le metteur en $sc{\grave{e}}ne$ depuis 1994 dans le $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}tre$ contemporain en $Cor{\acute{e}}e$. Cette $th{\grave{e}}se$ est $commenc{\acute{e}}$ ${\grave{a}}$ ${\acute{e}}crire$ pas pour apprendre ses textes mais pour comprendre la ralation entre les textes et les ${\exp}{\acute{e}}riences$ de l'auteur. Ici, pour cela, j''ai $analys{\acute{e}}$ ses 4 $pi{\grave{e}}ces$ $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}trales$ produites ${\grave{a}}$ cette ${\grave{e}}poque$, dont (1994), (2000), $d{\acute{e}}biteur$, mon $p{\grave{e}}re$ est $progress{\acute{e}}$ de cancer>(1996), (2005), en referrant les rapports entre $l^{\prime}{\acute{e}}criture$ dramatique et de la mort et le deuil de $p{\grave{e}}re$. Cette ${\acute{e}}tude$ $pr{\acute{e}}suppose$ un certain situation psychologue de l'auteur sur la mort et le deuil de personnage '$p{\grave{e}}re$'. L'auteur dramatique et le metteur en $sc{\grave{e}}ne$ du $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}tre$ Young-sun Yun propose certaines orientations de la mort de son $p{\grave{e}}re$ dans ses texts dramatiques: le sentiment de victime sous le pouvoir absolu de son $p{\grave{e}}re$. Chez lui, ${\acute{e}}crire$ le texte dramatique, c'est transmettre les amertumes d'esprit et une forme de $r{\acute{e}}flextion$ vis-${\grave{a}}$-vis de la relation avec son $p{\grave{e}}re$ surtout le $probl{\grave{e}}me$ $inachev{\acute{e}}$ de deuil. c'est-${\grave{a}}$-dire fournir des sentiments coupables et des $anxi{\acute{e}}t{\acute{e}}s$ qui $r{\acute{e}}sident$ au fond de son coeur, tout au long de sa vie. Pour cette objecif, il est ${\acute{e}}vident$ qu'il faudra toujours partir du texte et y revenir. J'ai $essay{\acute{e}}$ de ne pas $r{\acute{e}}duiser$ $l^{\prime}{\acute{e}}tude$ des textes au respect myope des paroles des personnage et rester la $r{\acute{e}}flextion$ pshchologique sur la mort et le processu de deuil. J'ai $essay{\acute{e}}$ d'appuyer mes remarques sur les sources $autoris{\acute{e}}es$: psychanalytiques en la $mati{\grave{e}}re$. C'est pourquoi j'ai cru devoir $pr{\acute{e}}senter$ cette recherche de l'analyse sous la forme d'une $synth{\grave{e}}se$ des principaux concepts de la $th{\acute{e}}orie$ de la pshchologie moderne qui permettent l'analyse des textes dramatiques.(Dany Nobus, David K. Switzer, Fritz Riemann, Giles Deleuze, Sigmund Freud, Julia Kristeva) Et auiss j'ai $essay{\acute{e}}$ de explorer l'imaginaire des paroles dans les textes en ses rapports avec l'auteur et les personnages et entre les personnages. Ainsi conçu, j'ai $analys{\acute{e}}$ les formes de paroles en ce qui concerne la mort de $p{\grave{e}}re$ et le deuil. Cette $mani{\grave{e}}re$ s'est $r{\acute{e}}v{\acute{e}}l{\acute{e}}e$ efficace pour montrer comment des traces de sentiment se transforment dans des textes. Dans les pluparts des personnages chez les textes de Young-sun Yun, on peut voir si $d{\acute{e}}finitivement$ leur cicatrices personnelles, $sensibilit{\acute{e}}s$ $m{\hat{e}}l{\acute{e}}s$, ce 'je-ne-pourrai-rien-contre-mon-$p{\grave{e}}re$' ou 'je-ne-sais-quoi-et-presque-$apr{\grave{e}}s$-la mort-de-mon pere'. Pour $d{\acute{e}}pouiller$ cet aspect, j'ai $montr{\acute{e}}$ qu'il n'y avait pas de $v{\acute{e}}rit{\acute{e}}s$ objectives, mais que la $subjectivit{\acute{e}}$ doit trouver le jeu triangulaire entre l'inconscient de l'auteur par les paroles des textes et par les rapports entre le symbolisant et le $symbolis{\acute{e}}$ dans les $repr{\acute{e}}sentation$ socio-culturelle en $Cor{\acute{e}}e$ d'aujourd'hui.

Multi-Vector Document Embedding Using Semantic Decomposition of Complex Documents (복합 문서의 의미적 분해를 통한 다중 벡터 문서 임베딩 방법론)

  • Park, Jongin;Kim, Namgyu
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.19-41
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    • 2019
  • According to the rapidly increasing demand for text data analysis, research and investment in text mining are being actively conducted not only in academia but also in various industries. Text mining is generally conducted in two steps. In the first step, the text of the collected document is tokenized and structured to convert the original document into a computer-readable form. In the second step, tasks such as document classification, clustering, and topic modeling are conducted according to the purpose of analysis. Until recently, text mining-related studies have been focused on the application of the second steps, such as document classification, clustering, and topic modeling. However, with the discovery that the text structuring process substantially influences the quality of the analysis results, various embedding methods have actively been studied to improve the quality of analysis results by preserving the meaning of words and documents in the process of representing text data as vectors. Unlike structured data, which can be directly applied to a variety of operations and traditional analysis techniques, Unstructured text should be preceded by a structuring task that transforms the original document into a form that the computer can understand before analysis. It is called "Embedding" that arbitrary objects are mapped to a specific dimension space while maintaining algebraic properties for structuring the text data. Recently, attempts have been made to embed not only words but also sentences, paragraphs, and entire documents in various aspects. Particularly, with the demand for analysis of document embedding increases rapidly, many algorithms have been developed to support it. Among them, doc2Vec which extends word2Vec and embeds each document into one vector is most widely used. However, the traditional document embedding method represented by doc2Vec generates a vector for each document using the whole corpus included in the document. This causes a limit that the document vector is affected by not only core words but also miscellaneous words. Additionally, the traditional document embedding schemes usually map each document into a single corresponding vector. Therefore, it is difficult to represent a complex document with multiple subjects into a single vector accurately using the traditional approach. In this paper, we propose a new multi-vector document embedding method to overcome these limitations of the traditional document embedding methods. This study targets documents that explicitly separate body content and keywords. In the case of a document without keywords, this method can be applied after extract keywords through various analysis methods. However, since this is not the core subject of the proposed method, we introduce the process of applying the proposed method to documents that predefine keywords in the text. The proposed method consists of (1) Parsing, (2) Word Embedding, (3) Keyword Vector Extraction, (4) Keyword Clustering, and (5) Multiple-Vector Generation. The specific process is as follows. all text in a document is tokenized and each token is represented as a vector having N-dimensional real value through word embedding. After that, to overcome the limitations of the traditional document embedding method that is affected by not only the core word but also the miscellaneous words, vectors corresponding to the keywords of each document are extracted and make up sets of keyword vector for each document. Next, clustering is conducted on a set of keywords for each document to identify multiple subjects included in the document. Finally, a Multi-vector is generated from vectors of keywords constituting each cluster. The experiments for 3.147 academic papers revealed that the single vector-based traditional approach cannot properly map complex documents because of interference among subjects in each vector. With the proposed multi-vector based method, we ascertained that complex documents can be vectorized more accurately by eliminating the interference among subjects.

Effects of Dietary Zinc Supplements on Growth, Feed Efficiency, Organ Weight, Blood Biochemical Profiles, and Activity of Digestive Enzymes in Growing Korean Native Chicks (아연 보충급여에 따른 한국재래계의 성장, 사료이용성, 장기무게, 혈액생화학적 성상, 장기무게 및 소화효소 활성도에 미치는 영향)

  • Jeon, Dong-Gyung;Kim, Min-Jeong;Yoon, Il-Gyu;Ahn, Ho-Sung;Moon, Eun-Seo;Sohn, Sea-Hwan;Lim, Yong;Jang, In-Surk
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.46 no.2
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    • pp.117-125
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    • 2019
  • The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of zinc (Zn) sources (zinc oxide and Zn-methionine) on performance, organ weights, blood biochemical profiles, and digestive enzymes of the pancreas and small intestine in Korean native chicks (KNC). A total of 144 KNC (n=6) were fed a basal diet (CON, 100 ppm of Zn), a basal diet supplemented with 50 ppm of Zn with ZnO (ZNO), or a basal diet supplemented with 50 ppm of Zn with Zn-methionine (ZMT) for 28 days. There was no significant difference in body weight, gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio among the three groups. The relative weights of the liver, spleen, and intestinal mucosa were unaffected by the dietary source of Zn, whereas pancreas weight in the ZNO group decreased (P<0.05) compared with that in the CON and ZMT groups. Blood biochemical components including aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase were unaffected by dietary Zn supplementation. Pancreatic trypsin activity in the ZNO and ZMT groups was significantly (P<0.05) enhanced compared with that in the CON group. However, the activities of ${\alpha}$-amylase and carboxypeptidase A were not altered by dietary Zn supplementation. The activities of maltase and sucrase were unchanged, whereas the activity of leucine aminopeptidase tended (P=0.08) to be increased by dietary Zn supplementation. In conclusion, the supplementation with 50 ppm of ZnO or Zn-methionine resulted in an activation of protein digestive enzymes in the pancreas and small intestine without affecting animal performance in KNC.