• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.617-623
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• 2012

This study was performed to measure the accuracy of different gypsum materials by a white light dental scanner. A master model with the prepared lower full arch tooth was used. The type IV and scannable stone were used for 20 stone casts (10 casts each) duplicated a master model of mandible. The distance between the reference points were measured and analyzed by the Delcam $Copycad^{(R)}$ (Delcam Plc, UK) 3D graphic software. The t-student test for paired samples were used for statistical analysis. The mean differences to master model for type IV stone and scannable stone model were 0.29~0.56 mm, and 0.17~0.35 mm, respectively. There were statistical differences in dimensional accuracy for full arch impression between the master model and type IV/scannable stone (p<0.05). Two different gypsum materials showed clinically acceptable accuracies of full arch digital impression produced by them. Besides, in both gypsum materials, the differences to the master model detected appear to provide enough accuracy for clinical application.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.591-599
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to analyzed the major factor variables against oral health behaviors and oral health state and quality of life (QOL) for some residents in Gyeongsangnam-do area. This study was based on the PRECEDE model as a theoretical model for diagnosis in health education needs. Total data 697 were analyzed by PASW 18.0 program. Results for this study were as follows: Firstly, t-test results in sex had statistically significant in predisposing, reinforcing, oral health behavior, health${\cdot}$QOL factor, education had statistically significant in predisposing, reinforcing, health${\cdot}$QOL factors, also, number of teeth had statistically significant in health${\cdot}$QOL factor. Secondly, ANOVA results in age had statistically significant in predisposing, enabling, health${\cdot}$QOL factor, area had statistically significant in health${\cdot}$QOL factor, also, economic had statistically significant in reinforcing, oral health behavior. Thirdly, in CATREG analysis, oral health behavior as the response variable results in had statistically significant in sex, predisposing, reinforcing, enabling factor and its explanation was 28.3%. Lastly, in CATREG analysis health${\cdot}$QOL as the response variable results in had statistically significant in age, number of tooth, enabling, oral health behavior factor and its explanation was 17.9%. So, results from this data we could contribute to identify oral health behavior patterns in Gyeongsangnam-do area residents.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.624-633
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• 2012

This study was executed to provide the basic data that can be helpful for a program aiming at the enhancement of life quality or establishment of policy related to public health by analyzing the importance of health state among the middle-aged adults when it came to the decision of life quality. For 160 adults who were older than 40 years old, a survey was conducted and the results were derived by using t-test, one way ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. Followings are the outcome of the study. According to such results, it was known that the level of general life quality and oral health related life quality were shown to be different depending on symptoms of depression and xerostomia. Therefore, it suggests that prevention and early intervention of depression and xerostomia will make a great contribution to improve the life quality among the middle-aged adults.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.101-109
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• 2012

To investigate changes of components in salt-fermented anchovy sauce by long fermentation, various chemical properties were examined. The moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, and crude ash contents of the anchovy sauce by fermentation were 67.48~69.35%, 5.47~7.40%, 0.27~0.47% and 23.82~24.12%. The moisture and pH was decreased slightly, but the contents of crude protein, crude lipid, acidity and amino-N degree were increased gradually by long fermentation. And contents of crude ash, VBN and salinity showed almost no change. Total free amino acid contents of 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 year fermented samples were 8,762.2 mg%, 9,484.6 mg%, 10,085.8 mg%, 10,650.7 mg% and 10,123.7 mg% respectively. Major free amino acid of samples were glutamic acid, leucine, lysine, alanine, valine, isoleucine in ordor. The samples were caused by their composition of the free amino acids rations, in which were umami, sweet and bitter taste in the extracts of anchovy during long fermentation. In Hunter values, fermented samples were generally lower in L, b values whereas higher in a, ${\Delta}E$ values. And absorbance at 453 nm was increased gradually by fermentation. Sensory evaluation result of samples, 6 years sample was the highest than the others in overall acceptance.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.278-285
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• 2008

An efficient transformation method for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] using meristematic tissues of germinating seeds has been established. The embryonic axes were excised from germinating seeds of Korean soybean cultivar, Iksannamulkong and 0.5-2 cm long segment containing meristematic tissues were prepared by cutting hypocotyl region. The explants were inoculated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 harboring a binary vector with the bar gene as a selectable marker gene and a ${\beta}-glucuronidase$ (GUSINT) reporter gene, and then co-cultured for 7 days on co-cultivation medium (CCM). The meristematic tissues were cultured on shoot induction medium (SIMP6) supplemented with 0.4 mg/l $N_6-benzylaminopurine$ (BAP) and 0.1 mg/l indolebutyric acid (IBA) in the presence of 6 mg/l L-phosphinotricin (PPT) for 2 weeks and the surviving explants were transferred to shoot elongation medium (SEMP6). Transformation was confirmed by Southern blot analysis and the transformation efficiencies ranged from 1.48 to 2.07%. The new modified transformation method was successfully implemented for obtaining several transgenic lines with SMV-CP gene. It is expected that this method could efficiently be used for the transformation of recalcitrant soybean cultivars.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.83-86
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• 2010

This study was conducted to develop in vitro propagation techniques of new cultivar, 'Greenstar', bred by Highland Agriculture Research Center. The multiple shoot induction and plant growth of in vitro plant were analyzed by MS media concentration (1/2 MS, 1 MS and 2 MS medium), plant growth regulators and its proper concentration; CPPU [Forchlorfenuron(N-(2-chloro-4-pridyl)-3-phenylurea) (0, 0.5, 1.0 and $2.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$), thidiazuron [(TDZ), (0.01, 0.1, 0.5 and $1.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$), zeatin (0, 0.5, 1.0 and $2.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$), and BA [6-benzylaminiopurine(BA), (0, 0.5, 1.0 and $2.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$)] in MS (3% sugar and 0.8% agar with pH 5.7) media. The highest number of induced shoots, leaves and roots were shown in 1/2 MS medium concentration. On the 1/2 MS medium, shoot numbers, shoot length, leaf numbers and root numbers were 11.0, 1.9 cm, 24.7, and 8.0, respectively. On the absence of CPPU in the 1/2 MS medium, shoot length and root numbers was greater than CPPU treatment, but the highest number of shoots was induced by the $2.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of CPPU concentration in 1/2MS medium. TDZ, zeatin, and BA treatments were not effective on the induction of multiple shoot in vitro culture. As a result, in vitro culture of new Saxifraga fortunei, 'Greenstar' with $2.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of CPPU in 1/2 MS medium was most effective for the rapid multiplication.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.923-929
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• 1995

Four crystal structures of M3-A (M3Na9-xHx-A, M=Rb or K and x=1 or 0), Rb3Na8H-A(a=12.228(1) Å and R1=0.046), Rb3Na9-A (a=12.258(3) Å and R1=0.058), K3Na8H-A (a=12.257(3) Å and R1=0.048) and K3Na9-A (a=12.257(3) Å and R1=0.052), have been determined by single crystal x-ray diffraction technique in the cubic space group Pm3^m at 21 ℃. In all structures, each unit cell contained three M+ ions all located at one crystallographically distinct position on 8-rings. Rb+ ions are 3.12 and 3.21 Å away respectively from O(1) and O(2) oxygens, about 0.40 Å away from the centers of the 8-rings, and K+ ions are 2.87 and 2.81 Å apart from the corresponding oxygens. These distances are the shortest ones among those previously found for the corresoponding ones. Eight 6-rings per unit cell are occupied by eight Na+ ions, each with a distance of 2.31 Å to three O(3) oxygens. The twelfth cation per unit cell is found as Na+ opposite 4-ring in the large cavities of M3Na9-A and assumed to be H+ for M3Na8H-A. With these noble non-framework cationic arrangements, larger M+ ions preferably on all larger 8-rings and the compact Na+ ions on all 6-rings, the bond angles in the 8-rings of M3-A, 145.1 and 161.0 respectively for (Si,Al)-O(1)-(Si,Al) and (Si,Al)-O(2)-(Si,Al), turned out to be remarkably stable and smaller, by more than 12 to 17°, than the corresponding angles found in the crystal structures of zeolites A with high concentration of M+ ions. It is to achieve these remarkably relaxed 8-rings, the main windows for the passage of gas molecules, with simultaneously maximized cavity volumes that M3-A have been selected as one of the efficient zeolite A systems for gas encapsulation.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.393-404
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the associations between blood hemoglobin (Hgb) levels and the risk of death by specific causes. Methods: Using the National Health Insurance Services-National Health Screening Cohort (n=487 643), we classified serum Hgb levels into 6 sex-specific groups. Cox regression analysis was used to analyze the associations between Hgb levels and the risk of cause-specific death. Results: Hgb levels in male population showed a U-shaped, J-shaped, or inverse J-shaped association with the risk of death from ischemic heart disease, acute myocardial infarction, liver cancer, cirrhosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (all non-linear p<0.05; hazard ratio [HR]; 95% confidence interval [CI]) for the lowest and the highest Hgb levels for the risk of each cause of death in male population: HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.34; HR, 2.87; 95% CI, 1.48 to 5.57; HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.40; HR, 3.05; 95% CI, 1.44 to 6.48; HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.18 to 1.56; HR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.05 to 4.26; HR, 3.64; 95% CI, 2.49 to 5.33; HR, 5.97; 95% CI, 1.44 to 24.82; HR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.14 to 2.30; HR, 3.84; 95% CI, 1.22 to 12.13, respectively), while in female population, high Hgb levels were associated with a lower risk of death from hypertension and a higher risk of death from COPD (overall p<0.05; HR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.29 to 2.67 for the lowest Hgb levels for hypertension; overall p<0.01, HR, 6.60; 95% CI, 2.37 to 18.14 for the highest Hgb levels for COPD). For the risk of lung cancer death by Hgb levels, a linear negative association was found in male population (overall p<0.01; the lowest Hgb levels, HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.33) but an inverse J-shaped association was found in female population (non-linear p=0.01; HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.63; HR, 2.58; 95% CI, 1.21 to 5.50). Conclusions: Both low and high Hgb levels were associated with an increased risk of death from various causes, and some diseases showed different patterns according to sex.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.272-276
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• 2019

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy and safety of procedures using ultrasound equipment for acupuncture treatment. Methods: A pilot, prospective randomized, single blinded, crossover clinical study on the accuracy and safety of ultrasound-guided Gyeontonghyeol (BP-LE6) acupuncture treatment was conducted. Patients (n = 13) with shoulder pain were randomly divided into 2 groups. During Visit 1, ultrasound-guided BP-LE6 acupuncture was administered to the experimental group. In the control group, patients received BP-LE6 acupuncture (without checking ultrasound images) by manipulating the ultrasound probe as if administering ultrasound-guided acupuncture. Visit 2 was arranged within 7-14 days and the remaining procedures, other than those administered in Visit 1, were performed. In both the experimental group and control group, the number of needle insertions, and time required for the treatment to result in the patients feeling de-qi was recorded. The numeric rating scale (NRS) score for shoulder pain was recorded before and after the acupuncture treatment. Results: The number of needle insertions was $5.31{\pm}3.50$ times in the experimental group, and $6.62{\pm}3.38$ times in the control group, however, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p > 0.05). The mean time required to perform the procedure was $151.54{\pm}48.59$ seconds in the experimental group and $86.69{\pm}37.17$ seconds in the control group, which was statistically significantly different (p < 0.05). The changes observed in numerical rating scale scores between groups were not statistically significantly different. Conclusion: Although there was no statistically significant difference, administering acupuncture using ultrasound guidance may lead to accurate needling with a reduced number of needle insertion attempts. A large-scale clinical study of better design should be conducted in the future.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.269-277
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• 2005

Objectives: Previously, we sought to compile a list of genes expressed during early folliculogenesis by using cDNA microarray to investigate follicular gene expression and changes during primordialprimary follicle transition and development of secondary follicles (Yoon et al., 2005). Among those genes, a group of genes related to the cell size growth was characterized during the ovarian development in the present study. Methods: We determined ovarian expression pattern of six genes related to the cell size growth (cyr61, emp1, fhl1, socs2, wig1 and wisp1) and extended into CCN family (${\underline{c}}onnective$ tissue growth factor/${\underline{c}}ysteine$-rich 61/${\underline{n}}ephroblastoma$-overexpressed), ctgf, nov, wisp2, wisp3, including cyr61 and wisp1 genes. Expression of mRNA and protein according to the ovarian developmental stage was evaluated by in situ hybridization, and/or semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results: Among 6 genes related to the cell size growth, cyr61 and wisp1 mRNA was detected only in oocytes in the postnatal day5 mouse ovaries. cyr61 mRNA expression was limited to the nucleolus of oocytes, while wisp1 was expressed in the cytoplasm and nucleolus of oocytes, except nucleus. cyr61 mRNA expression, however, was found in granulosa cells from secondary follicles. The rest 4 genes in the cell size growth group were detected in oocytes, granulosa and theca cells. Cyr61 and Wisp1 proteins were expressed in the oocyte cytoplasm from primordial follicle stage. Especially, Cyr61 protein was detected in pre-granulosa cells, Wisp1 protein was not. By using RT-PCR, we evaluated and decided that Cyr61 protein is produced by their own mRNA in pre-granulosa cells that was not detected by in situ hybridization. cyr61 and wisp1 genes are happen to be the CCN family members. The other members of CCN family were also studied, but their expression was detected in oocytes, granulose and theca cells. Conclusions: We firstly characterized the ovarian expression of genes related to the cell size growth and CCN family according to the early folliculogenesis. Cyr61 protein expression in the pre-granulosa cells is profound in meaning. Further functional analysis for cyr61 in early folliculogenesis is under investigation.