• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.417-425
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• 2017

Indonesia is known as the largest oil palm producer in the world. However, along with the production, it generates wastes and pollution that caused the environmental problem in surrounding areas. Previous researchers reported that the high palm oil mill effluent (POME) concentration inhibited microalgae growth. However, the inhibition factor was not clearly explained by using kinetic model. This study presents kinetic models of Botryococcus braunii (B. braunii) cultivated on POME wastewater under different turbidity condition. Results showed that the growth model of Zwietering was closely suitable with experimental results. It was found that B. braunii was able to consume organic carbon from the POME wastewater on the logarithmic model. A modified kinetic model of Monod Haldane described the influence of turbidity and chemical oxygen demand on the cultivation. Turbidity of POME medium inhibited the growth rate at KI 3.578 and KII 179.472 NTU, respectively. The Lipid (39.9%), and carbohydrate (41.03%) were found in the biomass that could be utilized as biofuel source.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to find out the impact of financial leverage on firm's profitability in the listed textile sector of Bangladesh. Research design, data and methodology: A sample of 22 DSE listed textile firms has been used to conduct the study. In this study, firm profitability is measured by Return on Equity (ROE) and both short term debt and long term debt are used as the as proxies of financial leverage. Pooled Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Fixed Effect (FE), and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) models have been used to test the relationship between financial leverage and profitability of firms. Result: This study finds a significant negative relationship between leverage and firm's profitability using the Pooled OLS method. The result is also consistent with the fixed effect and GMM method. This result implies that firm's profitability is negatively affected by the firm's capital structure. Conclusion: The study concludes that maximum textile firms use external debt as a source of finance as they don't have sufficient internally generated funds. This study recommends that firm should give more emphasize on generating fund internally to meet up their financing needs.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2018

Corporate governance has received massive attention in academic research nowadays due to several recent corporate failures. Inefficiency of corporate governance mechanisms have driven the minds of the researchers and the policy makers to look with more insights into this area. Board composition, as part of corporate governance mechanism, plays a significant role to achieve company's goals or objectives and ensure transparency and accountability. The objective of this study is to find out the efficiency of board composition through board size, independent directors and female directors on firm performance in the listed manufacturing firms of Bangladesh. In this study, a sample of 162 firm years are considered as the sample during the period of 2011 to 2016. This study finds that large board is the significant explanatory variable in improving firm performance. This study also shows that board independence and female directors have no significant association with firm performance which implies that instrument of corporate governance mechanism particularly board composition is very weak. This study recommends that code of corporate governance, specially the role of independent directors and female directors, should be reformed in the light of cultural and institutional context along with the effective enforcement.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.293-299
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• 2013

최근 한반도의 Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC)법에 의한 다중지연시간창(Multiple Lapse Time Window; MLTW)법 해석에서 속도구조보다 진원 깊이의 영향이 훨씬 더 크다는 것이 보고되어, 깊이가 약 10 km에 해당되는 지진 41개와 79 지점의 관측점을 잇는 경로가 330개에 이르는 자료에 대하여 DSMC법을 이용, 이전에 연구된 5가지 속도구조를 재검증하였다. 그 결과, 표층 진원을 가정한 해석적 모델보다 10 km 진원의 DSMC법 적용 균일모델의 잔차가 크게 개선된 반면, 속도구조 모델 간의 잔차값 차이는 비교적 작음을 확인하였다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.448-457
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• 2005

The conventional activated sludge processes were operated as a combined organic substrate removal and nitrification. So, it was necessary to provide with oxygen for both carbon and ammonia removal. But, in the BNR processes, nitrification is separated from carbon removal that causes fast ammonia oxidation and reduced oxygen demands. And most of the substrate is utilized by denitrification organisms and phosphorus accumulating organisms. with these appearances, mathematical model for BNR processes different from IWA ASM can be simplified and applied. In this study, it was performed that the existing equations as McKinney model, nitrification model published by U.S. EPA and oxygen demands from stoichiometry and the relationship between NUR and OUR were applied to full-scale BNR processes and the results were compared with the measured. and it is possible to make out the optimum design parameter from those equations.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.57-61
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• 2005

Ethanol and aqueous extracts of Cassia auriculata were tested in vitro against fungi (Candida albicans and Microsporum canis) and bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteriditis, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis). M. canis showed dose-dependent susceptibility only towards ethanol leaf and bark extracts. C. albicans, were resistant to all types of plant extracts. Results were statistically smaller to antifungal drug ketoconazole and miconazole at equivalent concentration. Both ethanol and aqueous extracts of Cassia auriculata leaves and barks exhibit antibacterial activity against S. aureus and only the ethanol extracts of leaf and bark were detected against Bacillus subtilis. The results were compared to antibacterial drugs chloramphenicol, ampicillin, penicillin G, and enrofloxacin. The antibacterial activity was statistically similar to penicillin G. Based on the current findings, it can be concluded that this plant has antimicrobial activity, which is as potent as standard antimicrobial drugs.

• 한국독어학회지:독어학
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• 제4집
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• pp.351-372
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• 2001

Im Rahmen der Kognitionswissenschaft werden im Grunde zwei Modelle zur menschlichen Informationsverarbeitung vertreten: Symbolismus und Konnektionismus. Aus diesen beiden Modellen lassen sich ebenfalls zwei $Ans\"{a}tze$ zur Sprachverarbeitung, insbesondere zur morphologischen Verarbeitung ableiten. So sind beim konnektionistischen Ansatz $regul\"{a}re\;sowie\;irregul\"{a}re$ Flexionsformen einheitlich im $Ged\"{a}chtnis$ gespeichert und verarbeitet. Diese Vorstellung weicht sich radikal von den Grundannahmen des symbolorientierten Ansatzes, bei dem eine strikte Unterscheidung zwischen regelgeleiteten und gespeicherten Flexions­formen untemommen wird. Hierbei werden $regul\"{a}re$ Flexionsformen durch symbolische Regeln, die ein Affix mit einem Stamm oder einer Wurzel verbinden, abgeleitet: $irregul\"{a}re$ Flexionsformen sind dagegen im $Ged\"{a}chtnis$ gespeichert. Der wesentliche Unterschied zwischen konnektionistischem und symbolischem Modell besteht demnach darin, dass nur beim letzteren die mentale Existenz linguistischer Regeln angenommen wird. Zahlreiche Untersuchungen zur $Repr\"{a}sentation$ und Verarbeitung der Flexionselemente im Deutschen als Muttersprache deuten darauf hin, dass das symbolische Modell plausibler ist als das konnektionistische. Vor diesem Hintergrund sind in der vorliegenden Untersuchung Ergebnisse aus einem psycholinguistischen Experiment zur morphologischen Verarbeitung im Deutschen als Zweitsprache vorgestellt und diskutiert worden. Festzustellen ist, dass unsere Ergebnisse rnit den Grundannahmen des symbolorienteriten Modells zu vereinbaren sind.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.317-323
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• 2009

Waste products were biologically estimated from juvenile flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) on three diet types-raw fish-based moist pellets, moist pellets, and extruded pellets. Total solid and soluble wastes were estimated by determining nutrient digestibility and accumulation in juvenile flounders through growth trials. Total solid wastes produced were 20%-23% of the organic matter supplied. Soluble excretions ranged from 45% to 49%. Soluble nitrogenous excretions ranged from 36.4% to 46.2%. These results indicate that about 30.2%-35.9% of supplied feed is retained in the fishes' bodies while the remainder of feed is excreted into culture systems or the surrounding environment.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.344-352
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• 2016

In this paper, we conducted an empirical study on the economic value of Palutungan Resort, Gunung Ciremai National Park (Indonesia), using an individual travel cost method. Gunung Ciremai is the highest mountain in West Java Province which has high biodiversity and constitutes the home range of the endangered species, Nisaetus bartelsi and leopards. Using the individual travel cost method, we estimated the annual consumer surplus of ecotourism for Palutungan Resort to be approximately $19, while its total economic value was $0.23 million. However, Palutungan Resort does not benefit exclusively, because the total economic value is divided diversely among the central government (non-tax revenue), local government (taxes), and local communities, while the transportation agencies, retailers, and gas station companies also reap some valuable benefits. In regard to the benefit allocation, all of the associated parties should participate in the conservation and preservation of natural resources in Palutungan Resort to improve the ecotourism services.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.690-698
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• 2016

In this paper, a study is carried out to investigate the dielectric, physical and chemical properties of Palm Oil (PO) and Coconut Oil (CO) under open thermal ageing condition. The type of PO used in this study is Refined Bleached and Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO) Olein. The ageing experiment was carried out at 85 ℃ and 115 ℃ for 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days. Several parameters were measured such as AC breakdown voltage, dielectric dissipation factor, relative permittivity, resistivity, viscosity, moisture and acidity throughout the ageing duration. Based on the study, it is found that there are no significant changes on the AC breakdown voltages and relative permittivities for both RBDPO and CO. At ageing temperature of 115℃, there are clear reduction trends of dielectric dissipation factor for CO and resistivities for most of RBDPO. On the other hand, no clear trends are observed for viscosities, moisture and acidities of RBDPO and CO throughout the ageing duration.