• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.1-7
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• 2022

With the development of artificial intelligence, efforts to incorporate neuroscience mining with AI have increased. Neuroscience mining, also known as NSM, expands on this concept by combining computational neuroscience and business analytics. Using fNIRS (functional near-infrared spectroscopy)-based experiment dataset, we have investigated the potential of NSM in the context of the BPSC (business problem-solving creativity) prediction. Although BPSC is regarded as an essential business differentiator and a difficult cognitive resource to imitate, measuring it is a challenging task. In the context of NSM, appropriate methods for assessing and predicting BPSC are still in their infancy. In this sense, we propose a novel NSM method that systematically combines CNN, BiLSTM, and attention network for the sake of enhancing the BPSC prediction performance significantly. We utilized a dataset containing over 150 thousand fNIRS-measured data points to evaluate the validity of our proposed NSM method. Empirical evidence demonstrates that the proposed NSM method reveals the most robust performance when compared to benchmarking methods.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.468-473
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• 1996

The genome of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is composed of three RNA segments, S, M, and L RNA and the 5.0 kb M RNA encodes two glycoproteins Gl, G2 and NSm protein of unknown function. In an effort to investigate the function of the NSm protein, antibody was raised against NSm fusion protein overexpressed in Escherichia coli. This antibody was used to detect the NSm protein by using western blot analysis and electron microscopic observation after immunogold labelling. For the cloning of the NSm gene, total RNA extracted from a TSWV infected plant was used for cDNA synthesis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) instead of going through time-consuming virus purification. A protein band specifically reacting to the NSm antibody was detected from TSWV inoculated plants. The NSm protein was detected in the cell wall fraction and in pellet from low speed centrifugation when the infected plant tissue was fractionated into 4 fractions. In the immuno-electron microscopic observation, gold particles were found around the plasmodesmata of infected plant tissue. These results suggest that the NSm protein of TSWV plays some role in cell-to-cell movement of this virus.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.143-153
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• 2003

New strengthening method based on Near Surface Mounted technique (NSM) is suggested, which can overcome the brittle nature of failure inherent to those reinforced concrete beams strengthened with FRP composite materials. The suggested technique secures ductile failure of reinforced concrete beams by having the strengthening Hybrid FRP rebars unbonded in parts. Experiments were performed in order to compare structural behaviors of strengthened beams with and without unbending along the Hybrid FRP rebars. Test results showed that only those beams strengthened by partially unbonded NSM failed in ductile manner. Theoretical expressions were derived for the minimum unbonded length of Hybrid FRP rebars with which ultimate strength of the reinforced concrete beam with partially unbonded NSM could be reached. The suggested partially unbonded NSM technique is expected to significantly improve the structural behavior of the strengthened beam with FRP composite materials.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.89-96
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate the flexural strengthening effectiveness for the beams reinforced with NSM CFRP strips. To accomplish this objective, concrete T beams were made and tested. From this study, it is found that the flexural stiffness and strength of the beams reinforced with NSM strips were significantly improved compared to the beams without CFRP strip. The maximum increase of flexural strength was 247%. Failure of the beam reinforced with NSM was initiated by a part of separation of NSM strips along the longitudinal direction, and the second failure of strips was investigated. After the first rupture of the NSM strips, the load dropped suddenly and the second rupture was succeeded. This result shows that a perfect composite reaction with NSM strips and concrete is possible in the beam reinforced with NSM CFRP strips the NSM strips and Near surface mounted(NSM) is one of the most recent and promising strengthening techniques for reinforced concrete structures.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.601-609
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate the flexural strengthening effectiveness for the beams combined reinforced with NSM CFRP strips and EBR CFRP strips. To accomplish this objective, a total of nine concrete T beams were tested. From this study, it is found that the flexural stiffness and strength of the beams combined reinforced with NSM and EBR strips were significantly improved compared to the beams strengthened only with NSM CFRP strip. The maximum increase of flexural strength was 347% compared to the beam without CFRP strip. Failure of the beam combined reinforced with NSM and EBR strips (T shape) is initiated by debonding of EBR strips attached on the bottom face, and it was succeeded a part of separatio-n of NSM strips along the longitudinal direction and secondly failure of NSM strips was occurred, eventually sudden explosive failure with the separation of concrete cover in the shear region. This result shows that the NSM and EBR strips have good combination to resist applied load and the combined reinforcement with NSM and EBR strips can redistribute appropriately the total stress subjected concrete beam to the EBR and NSM strips.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.107-117
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• 2013

In this paper, we designed the security management system based on IEC 62351-7 in the Smart Grid environment. The scope of IEC 62351-7 focuses on network and system management (NSM) of the information infrastructure as well as end-to-end security through abstract NSM data objects for the power system operational environment. However, it does not exist that security management system based on IEC 62351-7 manages the security of the power system in the Smart Grid environment, because power equipment or SNMP agents providing NSM data do not exist yet. Therefore, we implemented the security management system to manage the information infrastructure as reliably as the power system infrastructure is managed. We expect that this system can perform the security management of IEC 61850 based digital substation and can be a prototype of the security system for the Smart Grid in the future.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.899-916
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• 2015

Upgrading or strengthening of existing reinforced concrete (RC) infrastructure is an emerging demand nowadays. Near Surface Mounted (NSM) technique is very promising approach for flexural strengthening of RC members. However, premature failure such as concrete cover separation failure have been a main concern in utilizing this technique. In this study, U-wrap end anchorage with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) fabrics is proposed to eliminate the concrete cover separation failure. Experimental programs were conducted to the consequence of U-wrap end anchorage on the flexurally strengthened RC beams with NSM-steel. A total of eight RC rectangular beam specimens were tested. One specimen was kept unstrengthened as a reference; three specimens were strengthened with NSM-steel bars and the remaining four specimens were strengthened with NSM-steel bars and U-wrap end anchorage using CFRP fabrics. A 3D non-linear finite element model (FEM) was developed to simulate the flexural response of the tested specimens. It is revealed that NSM-steel (with and without end-anchors) significantly improved the flexural strength; moreover decreased deflection and strains compared with reference specimen. Furthermore, NSM-steel with end anchorage strengthened specimens revealed the greater flexural strength and improve failure modes (premature to flexure) compared with the NSM-steel without end anchorage specimens. The results also ensured that the U-wrap end anchorage completely eliminate the concrete cover separation failure.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.256-262
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to define the shear reinforcing effect of Near-Surface-Mounted (NSM) FRP strips in reinforced concrete (RC) member through a test. Three T shaped RC beams were made and two of them were strengthened with NSM FRP strips for increase shear strength. And those were tested to find the shear strengthening effect. In the test, two case of shear strengthening methods were considered such as 1) with NSM FRP strips having full embedded length and 2) with NSM FRP strips having some what short embedded length and additional externally bonded FRP sheet. As a result, the shear strengthening effect could be obtained when the NSM FRP strips are embedded to have full length up to the bottom of slab. However the shear strength was not increased in the case of having somewhat short embedded length of NSM FRP strips even additional EB sheet was enhanced.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.67 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2018

Several techniques have been developed for shear strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) members by using fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. However, debonding of FRP retrofits from concrete substrate still deemed as a challenging concern in their application which needs to be scrutinized in details. As a result, this paper reports on the results of an experimental investigation on shear strengthening of RC beams using near surface mounted (NSM) FRP reinforcing bars. The main objective of the experimentation was increasing the efficiency of shear retrofits by precluding/postponing the premature debonding failure. The experimental program was comprised of six shear deficient RC beams. The test parameters include the FRP rebar spacing, inclination angle, and groove shape. Also, an innovative modification was introduced to the conventional NSM technique and its efficiency was evaluated by experimental observation and measurement. The results testified the efficiency of glass FRP (GFRP) rebars in increasing the shear strength of the test specimens retrofitted using conventional NSM technique. However, debonding of FRP bars impeded exploiting all retrofitting advantages and induced a premature shear failure. On the contrary, application of the proposed modified NSM (MNSM) technique was not only capable of preventing the premature debonding of FRP bars, but also could replace the failure mode of specimen from the brittle shear to a ductile flexural failure which is more desirable.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.3-10
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• 2019

The purpose of this paper is to find the fire-protection method for keeping on the bond capacity of Near-Surface-Mounted (NSM) FRP under high temperature. Experiments have been carried out to evaluate the bond capacity of NSM FRP by using CFRP-plates and to confirm the heat transfer to the concrete block when the refractory insulation is attached to the surface of NSM FRP. Bond test of NSM FRP under room temperature was conducted to obtain the maximum bond strength. And then a heating tests were carried out with keeping the bond stress of 30% of the maximum bond strength. As a result, the bond capacity of NSM FRP was disappeared when the temperature at epoxy reached to its glass transition temperature (GTT). In order to secure the bond capacity of the NSM FRP, it is necessary to protect the front as well as side by using insulation materials.