• 대한수의학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.89-100
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• 2002

The nonstructural glycoprotein NSP4, encoded by the 10th gene of rotavirus, has been known to play important roles in viral assembly and pathogenesis. The NSP4 genes of human rotavirus Korean isolates, designated as CBNU/HR-1, CBNU/HR-2, CBNU/HR-3, and CBNU/HR-4, were cloned, sequenced and characterized. Also, the NSP4 gene of the CBNU/HR-1 was expressed in a baculovirus-insect cell system. The sequence data indicated that the NSP4 genes of human rotavirus Korean isolates were 750 or 751 bases in length and encoded one open reading frame of 175 amino acids. Two glycosylation sites were recognized in the NSP4 gene of human rotavirus isolates tested. The NSP4 of CBNU/HR-1, CBNU/HR-3, and CBNU/HR-4 exhibited a high degree of amino acid sequence homology with that of NSP4 genotype B viruses, but a low degree of amino acid sequence homology with that of NSP4 genotype A viruses. However, the NSP4 of CBNU/HR-2 exhibited a high degree of amino acid sequence homology with that of NSP4 genotype A viruses, but a low degree of amino acid sequence homology with that of NSP4 genotype B viruses. The Sf9 cells infected with recombinant baculovirus, inserted with NSP4 gene of CBNU/HR-1, produced specific cytopathic effects and the expressed NSP4 was detected by immunofluorescence staining using NSP4-specific monoclonal antibody(MAb). The expressed NSP4 migrated at 16-26 kDa on SDS-PAGE and reacted with NSP4-specific MAb by Western blotting.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.207-214
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• 2005

The nonstructural protein 4 (NSP4) of rotavirus encoded by gene 10, plays an important role in rotavirus pathogenicity. In this study, NSP4 gene of avian rotavirus (AvRV-1, AvRV-2) was analyzed and expressed using baculovirus expression system. The sequence data indicated that the NSP4 gene of AvRV-1 and AvRV-2 were 727 bases in length, encoded one open reading frame of 169 amino acids beginning at base 41 and terminating at base 550, and had two glycosylation sites. Nucleotide sequences of NSP4 gene of AvRV-1 and AvRV-2 exhibited a high degree of homology ($88.1{\pm}7.6%$) with avian rotaviruses, namely Ty1, Ty3 and PO-13. Phylogenetic analysis showed that AvRV-1 and AvRV-2 belonged to genotype NSP4[E], which is widely found in group A avian rotaviruses. The baculovirus-expressed NSP4 migrated at 20-28 kDa and reacted with NSP4-specific antiserum by FA and Western blot. Furthermore, it was found to be a glycoprotein by using tunicamycin, which is a specific inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation.

• 대한바이러스학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2000

The nonstructural protein NSP4, encoded by gene 10 of rotavirus, has been shown to playa role in viral assembly and known to be an enterotoxin, causing diarrhea in mouse pups. NSP4 gene was cloned from CBNU-2 (virulent bovine rotavirus/diarrheic fecal sample) and CBNU-1 (cell-culture adapted bovine rotavirus/isolated from CBNU-2 and 75 times passaged on MA104 cells), respectively, by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and sequenced and compared. The sequence data indicated that the NSP4 genes of bovine rotavirus (BRV) were 751 bases in length and encoded one open reading frame of 175 amino acids beginning at base 42 and terminating at base 569. Differences in nucleotide sequence between CBNU-2 and CBNU-1 were observed at 6 positions (base 274, 296, 391, 394, 396 and 579). NSP4 gene of BRV exhibited a high degree of nucleotide (90% and 94%) and amino acid sequence (91% and 97%) homology with those of SA11 and UK but a low degree of nucleotide (77% and 79%) and amino acids sequence (81% and 85%) homology with those of Wa and OSU.

• 산업식품공학
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.72-78
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• 2017

전량 폐기되는 파지두부로부터 제조된 두부 페이스트와 14종의 NSP들을 혼합하여 도넛의 흡유저감에 대한 효과를 조사하였다. 두부 페이스트만을 첨가한 도넛(두부도넛)의 흡유저감율은 10.8%이었으나, 두부 페이스트와 NSP를 함께 사용하는 경우 도넛(NSP-두부도넛)의 흡유저감율은 두부도넛에 비해 향상되었다. 두부 페이스트와 함께 첨가된 NSP들의 흡유저감율에 대한 효과는 NaA가 41.2%로 가장 높았으며, HMP>XAT>CN10T = LMP = ALMP ${\lambda}C$>GG>LBG>${\iota}C$>${\kappa}C$>CN15U>GLG>CN40H 순으로 증가하였다. 또한 NSP 만을 흡유저감 소재로 첨가하였을 때보다 두부 페이스트와 함께 사용하는 것이 도넛의 흡유저감에 더욱 효과적이었고, 그 효과는 음이온성 검류들에서 뚜렷하였다. 유탕처리 시 두부 페이스트의 갈변으로 인해 두부 페이스트 및 두부 페이스트-NSP를 첨가한 도넛들은 대조군에 비해 명도가 감소하고 황색도가 증가하였으나 그 차이는 미미하였다. 두부 페이스트와 함께 NaA, ${\kappa}C$, LBG를 첨가하여 제조된 도넛의 비용적은 대조군과 유사한 수준을 나타내었다. 따라서 도넛의 흡유저감율과 비용적을 고려하면 두부 페이스트와 NaA를 흡유저감 소재로 함께 사용하는 것이 흡유저감 도넛을 제조하는데 가장 적합한 것으로 판단된다. 그럼에도 NaA 보다는 흡유저감율이 적지만 ${\kappa}C$과 LBG을 두부 페이스트와 혼합하여 사용하는 것도 차선책으로서 의미가 있을 것 같다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제68권4호
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• pp.276-284
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• 2023

질소비료 감비시 수량 감소의 요인과 관련 특성 개량 및 유전자탐색을 위한 유전자원을 제시하기 위해 153개 벼유전자원에 대한 수량 및 수량구성요소의 변이를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 공시된 유전자원은 질소비료 시비 수준이 9 kg/10a에서 4.5 kg/10a로 감소하였을 때 수량, 수량구성요소 및 주요농업형질은 유의한 차이를 나타내었으며, 이중 DTH, CL, PL, GYP, NPP 및 NSP는 1.8~17.9% 감소하였고 나머지 TGW, PRG는 2.6~11.2% 증가하였다. 2. 이원분산분석결과 GYP 및 수량구성요소인 NPP, PRG는 질소비료 시비 수준에 따른 유의성을 보였으나 수량 구성요소인 NSP와 TGW는 유의성이 없었다. 3. NN조건에서 NPP는 NSP (-0.44), TGW (-0.49)와 음의 상관관계를 보였고 TGW는 PRG (-0.34)와 음의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 이와는 반대로 GYP는 PRG (0.37)와 NSP (0.38)간에 양의 상관관계를 나타내었다. LN조건에서도 유사한 양상을 나타내었으나 NPP와 PRG (0.32)간에 양의 상관관계가 추가되었다. 4. 질소비료 감비시 수량 감소의 요인을 분석한 결과 LN조건에서 PA1은 NPP, TGW, PRG 가 높은 요인부하량을 보였는데 NPP의 감소는 TGW를 증가시키고 PRG는 감소시켰다. PA2에서는 NSP와 GYP가 높은 요인부하량을 보였고, NSP의 증가가 GYP를 증가시켰다. 5. 질소비료 감비시 NPP가 가장 높고 감소율은 가장 낮은 인디카형 중에서 NPP 또는 NSP가 높은 CHIEM CHANK외 7개 유전자원을 선발하였다. 6. 이 결과를 바탕으로 질소비료 감비시 수량이 감소하는 가장 큰 요인은 NPP와 NSP의 감소였는데 그 결과 수수형 또는 수중형인 질소비료 감비 적응 품종 육성을 통해 수량성을 유지시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 또한 선발된 CHIEM CHANK 외 7개 유전자원들은 질소비료 감비 적응 관련 특성 개량 및 유전자탐색을 위한 육종소재로서 이용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Rapid Communication in Photoscience
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.64-66
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• 2014

Synthesis of a deuterium-labeled derivative of nitrospirobenzopyran (NSP), one of representative photochromic compounds, has been described. Four deuteriums were successfully introduced on 1-methyl and ${\alpha}$-methyne relative to spiro-carbon in the title compound with more than 95atom%D purity. Main photodegraded products of NSP were two oxindoles in acetonitrile, and additional products were formed in poly(isobutyl-methacrylate) films possibly due to restricted molecular motion in polymer matrix. Quantitative HPLC analysis revealed that partial introduction of deuterium to NSP brought a noticeable isotope effect, recognizable enhancement in photo-resistivity of NSP, i.e.,8.3% in solutions and 29% in polymeric films.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.436-441
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• 2019

연은 아시아 국가에서 음식과 약재로 널리 사용되는 재료이다. 본 연구에서는 연의 잎(leaf, NL), 자육(seed, NS), 자방(seedpod, NSP)으로부터 에탄올 추출물을 제조하고 이들의 항염증 활성과 작용기전을 규명하였다. 이들의 항염증 활성을 연구하기 위하여 LPS로 자극된 RAW 264.7 세포에서 nitric oxide (NO) 생산을 측정하였다. NL, NS, NSP는 세포 생존율에 영향을 주지 않으면서, 농도의존적으로 NO의 생산을 현저하게 저해하였으며, iNOS 및 COX-2와 같은 pro-inflammatory 중재자들의 단백질 발현을 감소시켰다. 또한, NL, NS, NSP는 MAPKs 단백질의 인신화를 감소시키고 $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65의 핵으로의 이동을 저해함으로써, 세 추출물에 의한 항염증 활성은 MAPKs 경로와 $NF-{\kappa}B$ 경로를 조절함으로써 이루어짐을 제시한다. 게다가, ROS의 생성이 세 추출물에 의해서 모두 저해되었으며, HO-1의 발현과 HO-1의 전사조절인자인 Nrf2의 핵으로의 이동이 증가되었다. 결론적으로, 이러한 연구 결과는 연의 다양한 부위의 추출물인 NL, NS 그리고 NSP는 항염증 활성을 가지고 있으며, MAPKs, $NF-{\kappa}B$, Nrf2/HO-1 등 다양한 신호경로를 통해 조절할 수 있음을 제시한다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2013

An avian rotavirus (AvRV-2) was isolated from feces of broilers suffering from acute gastroenteritis in 2011. It was the first avian rotavirus isolated in Korea. To investigate the molecular characteristics of AvRV-2, the VP4, VP6, VP7 and NSP4 gene nucleotide sequences were determined and compared with those of rotavirus strains available in the GenBank database. The phylogenetic tree of VP7 gene showed that AvRV-2 had a high degree of nucleotide sequence homology (93.4% to 94.7%) with those of rotaviruses belonging to genotype G19 cluster. The phylogenetic tree of the VP4 gene revealed a high degree of nucleotide sequence homology (95.8% to 95.9%) with genotype P[30] rotaviruses isolated from chickens. The VP6 and NSP4 gene nucleotide sequences showed the highest identities with those of avian strains with 95.3% to 96.4% and 90.3% to 92.2%, respectively. Genetic characterization of the VP4, VP6, VP7 and NSP4 showed that AvRV-2 strain was most closely related to chicken rotavirus strains from Germany and Japan. Comparative nucleotide sequences and phylogenetic analysis indicated that avian rotavirus isolated from broilers belonged to genotype G19P[30] and it was the first report on avian rotavirus infection in Korea.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.746-751
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• 2006

The effects of resistant starch (RS) and non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) addition on the properties of hard wheat flour were investigated. Total dietary fiber (TDF) levels of various NSP ranged from 78.3-100.0%, but TDF and RS levels of autoclaved RS3 and cross-linked RS4 were 16.1 and 35.0% and 13.2 and 90.9%, respectively. DF-supplemented flour increased swelling power, but RS4-supplemented flour exhibited the lowest it. Solubility increased with the addition of pectin and RS3, but decreased with the addition of cellulose and RS4. RS-supplemented flour had increased lightness (L), but decreased values of redness (a) and yellowness (b). RS3 and pectin increased the dough development time, but RS4, cellulose, and chitosan decreased it. The water absorptions of pectin- and RS4-supplemented flours increased, however the dough stability decreased. The initial pasting temperatures of RS- and NSP-supplemented flours increased regardless of amount added, but the maximum peak viscosity decreased for all except the pectin-supplemented flour.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.423-429
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• 2008

Throughout the world, rotavirus infections cause extensive morbidity in human infants and diarrhea in animals such as white scour caused by bovine rotavirus in calves. We isolated three rotavirus strains designated KV0407, KV0418, and KV0426 from 103 fecal samples of diarrheic calves. The genes coding for proteins VP4, VP6, VP7, and NSP4 from strain KV0407 were sequenced and compared with the nucleotide sequences of other known strains of rotavirus. The KV0407 VP4 gene was highly homologous to the OSU (99.4%) and JL94 (99.4%), but not the B223 (62.4%) and K33 (62.4%) VP4 genes. The KV0407 and KV0418 VP7 genes were most similar to the OSU and super-short type VMRI VP7 genes. Based on nucleotide sequence analysis, the KV0407 strain was tentatively assigned to A serogroup (SG I), G5P[7], NSP4 genotype B and the KV0418 and KV0426 strains were assigned to A serogroup (SG I), G6P[5], NSP4 genotype A. The genetic characterization of these bovine rotavirus isolates could be useful for the diagnosis and prevention of diarrhea in calves.