• 대한약침학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2004

Objective : This study was designed to find out whether NS(normal saline) is able to be constituted as an appropriate control group for CC(Cervi Cornu Parvum herbal acupuncture), CF(Carthami-Flos herbal acupuncture) and BV(bee venom herbal acupuncture). Method : NS and three herbal acupuncture were inserted into Quchi(LI 11) of the subjects. After 5 minutes the subjects completed a questionnaire rating the intensity of 21 kinds of acupuncture sensation; hurting, penetrating, sharp, aching, intense, spreading, radiating, tingling, pricking, stinging, pulling, heavy, dull, numb, electric, shocking, hot, burning, cool, pulsing, and throbbing. We compared subjective evaluations of acupuncture sensation between or among the groups. Results : As for CC half items of the acupuncture sensation were significantly different from NS. As for CF all items were not significantly different from NS. As for CC all items were significantly different from NS except one item. In general the score of CF acupuncture sensation was lower than the others and the score of BV acupuncture sensation was higher than the others from comparison of sensation among herbal acupunctures(CC, CF, BV). Conclusion : We found that NS is able to be an appropriate placebo herbal acupuncture for CF. Further study is needed for new placebo herbal acupuncture for CC and BV.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제82권3호
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• pp.295-312
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• 2022

This study investigates the effects of nano silica (NS) and micro steel fiber on the properties of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC). The experimental consists of three groups, each one with five percentages of NS content (0%, 2%, 4%, 6% and 8%) in addition to the 20% silica fume and 20% quartz powder proportioned according to the weight of cement added to the mixtures. In addition, three percentages of micro steel fibers (0%, 1% and 2%) were considered. Different mixtures with varying percentages of NS and micro steel fibers were prepared to set the water-to-binder ratio, such as 0.16% and 1.8% superplasticizer proportioned according the weight of the binder materials. The fresh properties, mechanical properties and elevated temperatures of the mixtures were calculated. Then, the results from the microstructure analyses were compared with that of the reference mixtureand it was found that 6% replacement of cement with NS was optimum replacement level. When the NS content was increased from 0% to 6%, the air content and permeability of the mixture decreased by 35% and 39%, the compressive and tensile strength improved by 21% and 18% and the flexural strength and modulus of elasticity increased by 20% and 11.5%, respectively. However, the effect of micro steel fibres on the compressive strength was inconclusive. The overall results indicate that micro steel fibres have the potential to improve the tensile strength, flexure strength and modulus of elasticity of the UHPC. The use of 6% NS together with 1% micro-steel fiber increased the concrete strength and reduce the cost of concrete mix.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.162-167
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• 2016

본 실험은 종자 가격이 비싼 여주를 삽목하여 증식하고자 할 때 적절한 줄기 절단위치와 삽목상내 온도를 구명하기 위하여 실험하였다. 시험품종 'NS454'(NS)와 '드레곤'(DR) 품종을 대상으로 삽수 절단 위치를 3번째 잎의 마디를 절단한 처리(I) 와 3번째와 4번째 잎의 중간 부위를 절단한 처리(II)를 하였다. 삽목상내 온도는 18, 23, 28, $35^{\circ}C$ 처리를 하였다. 삽목상내 명기는 16시간유지하였으며, 광합성유효광량자속은 약 $150-200{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ 정도였으며, 상대습도는 85% 이상 유지시켰다. 그 결과 삽목 후 10일에 생존율은 두 품종 모두 $18^{\circ}C$와 $23^{\circ}C$ 처리구에서는 삽수의 절단 위치와 상관없이 100%의 생존율을 보였지만, $18^{\circ}C$ 처리구의 경우, 뿌리 발근이 되지 않아 많은 개체가 고사하게 되었다. 뿌리 발근율에 있어서는 $28^{\circ}C$ 처리구가 DR과 NS 품종 모두 삽수의 절단위치와 상관없이 100% 새뿌리가 발생하였고, $23^{\circ}C$ 처리구에서는 DR 품종의 경우 마디를 절단한 처리는 90%, 마디 중간지점을 절단한 처리는 40%이었으며 NS 품종의 경우도 마디를 절단한 처리는 50%, 중간지점을 절단한 처리는 40% 로 마디를 절단한 처리구에서 두 품종 모두 발근율이 높았다. 온도 $35^{\circ}C$ 처리구에서는 발근율이 현저하게 낮아졌으며 NS 품종의 경우는 절단위치에 상관없이 발근이 되지 않았다. 뿌리의 개체당 발근수는 DR 품종의 경우, $28^{\circ}C$ 처리구는 마디 중간지점을 절단한 처리구에서 5.3개로 처리구중에서 가장 많았고 마디를 절단한 처리구는 2.7개이었다. 따라서 여주의 삽목시 절단위치는 마디부위를 절단하거나 마디 중간지점을 절단해도 되지만 마디 중간지점을 절단하는 것이 생존율을 높일 수 있을 것으로 사료되고, 또한 삽목상내 기온을 $28^{\circ}C$ 정도를 유지해 주는 것이 바람직할 것으로 판단된다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.5446-5463
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• 2019

Parallel computing system components should be harmonized, and this harmonization is kept existent using synchronization time. Synchronization time affects the system in two ways. First, if we have too little synchronization time, some tasks face the problem of harmonization, as they need appropriate time to update and synchronize with the system. Second, if we allocate a large amount of time, stall system created. Random allocation of synchronization time for parallel systems slows down not only the booting time of the system but also the execution time of each application involved in the system. This paper presents a simulator used to test and allocate appropriate synchronization time for distributed and parallel heterogeneous systems. The simulator creates the parallel and heterogeneous system to be evaluated, and lets the user vary the synchronization time to optimize the booting time. NS3-cGEM5 simulator in this paper is formed by HLA-RTI federation integration of the two independent architecture and network simulators - NS3 and cGEM5. Therefore, nodes created on these simulators need synchronizations for harmonized system performance. We tested and allocated the appropriate synchronization time for our sample parallel system composed of one x86 server and three ARM clients.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제59권5호
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• pp.242-245
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• 2016

Thromboembolic complications (TECs) are clinically important sequelae of nephrotic syndrome (NS). The incidence of TECs in children is approximately 2%-5%. The veins are the most commonly affected sites, particularly the deep veins in the legs, the inferior vena cava, the superior vena cava, and the renal veins. Arterial thrombosis, which is less common, typically occurs in the cerebral, pulmonary, and femoral arteries, and is associated with the use of steroids and diuretics. Popliteal artery thrombosis in children has been described in cases of traumatic dissection, osteochondroma, Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, and fibromuscular dysplasia. We report of a 33-month-old girl with bilateral iliac and popliteal arterial thrombosis associated with steroid-resistant NS due to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Her treatment involved thrombectomy and intravenous heparinization, followed by oral warfarin for 8 months. Herein, we report a rare case of spontaneous iliac and popliteal arterial thrombosis in a young child with NS.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.963-974
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• 2018

본 연구는 간호대학생과 비 간호대학생의 문화적 역량과 심리적 안녕감 정도를 탐색하기 위한 서술적 조사연구이다. 본 연구를 위해 S와 I지역의 종합대학 간호대학생 127명과 비 간호대학생 124명, 총 251명을 대상으로 자료를 수집하였다. 연구 결과 문화적 역량 정도는 평균 5점 만점에 간호대학생 3.35점, 비 간호대학생 3.23점, 심리적 안녕감 정도는 평균 5점 만점에 간호대학생 3.53점, 비 간호대학생 3.37점으로 나타났으며, 두 군 모두 문화적 역량 및 심리적 안녕감 정도가 '중' 수준 이상으로 나타났으며, 간호대학생이 비 간호대학생보다 유의하게 높았다. 문화적 역량과 심리적 안녕감 간의 관계 분석결과 간호대학생은 문화적 인식, 문화적 지식, 문화적 민감성, 문화적 기술, 문화적 경험, 자아수용성, 환경에 대한 통제, 긍정적 대인관계, 자율성, 삶의 목적, 개인적 성장 모든 항목에서 유의한 정적인 상관관계가 있었다. 따라서 간호대학생의 문화적 역량을 높은 수준으로 유지하도록 정규교육과정에 다문화교과목 편성 및 다문화현장체험, 특강 등 교과외 활동을 병행하여 심리적 안녕감을 가지고 문화적 다양성을 고려한 간호를 제공할 수 있도록 해야 할 것이다.

• 한국발생생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국발생생물학회 2003년도 제3회 국제심포지움 및 학술대회
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• pp.118-118
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• 2003

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of glucose on embryonic development of mouse embryos. Two cell embryos were recovered from ICR female mice(3-4weeks) at 46~50 hrs after hCG 5 IU injection (mated just after hCG injection) and cultured in 50 $\mu m$ DMEM droplets supplemented with nothing (control: n=46), glucose 0.5mM (Group A; n=46) or glucose 3.15 mM(Group B; n=46) under mineral oil. All experimental media were supplemented with 20% human follicular fluid. Total blastocyst formation rates was lower (NS) in glucose groups (group A: 52.2% : B. 47.8%) than control group (60.9%). ZiB rates was the highest (P<0.05) in control (47.8%) than those in group A (21.7%) and B (28.3%). ZeB rates were the highest (NS) in group A (30.4%) than those in control (13.0%) and group B (19.6%). Blastocysts, cultured in group B (50.5), had the highest (NS) mean cell number compared with the others (control: 39.2 ; group A: (45.6). The ICM proportion (% ICM of total cells) in blastocysts cultured in group A (20.6%) was the highest (NS) than those of other tested groups (control: 15.2 ; group B: 13.9%). This study shows that a low dose of glucose added to culture medium increases the ICM proportion of blastocysts in mice.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.266-271
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• 2011

Physicochemical characteristics and heavy metal content of soils located along the drainage way of an abandoned mine at Busan, Korea ($35^{\circ}31'N$, $129^{\circ}22'E$) (contaminated soil; CS) and uncontaminated soils (50-70 m apart from the drainage way) (NS) were examined. Growth of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicom cv. Rutgers) in CS and NS, development of the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) as root-knot gall formation on tomato plants, and non-parasitic nematode populations in soil were also examined. Growth of tomato plants, root-knot gall formation, and non-parasitic nematode populations were significantly reduced in CS with higher As content, lower pH, higher electrical conductivity (EC), and lower available phosphate (av. $P_2O_5$) than in NS. None of the other physicochemical characters examined differed significantly between CS and NS (low and no significance) and were above or below the critical levels detrimental to plant growth and nematode development, suggesting that As may be the primary hazardous heavy metal in CS. The toxicity of As might be enhanced at low pH in CS because exchangeable forms of some heavy metals increase with the decrease of soil pH. The heavy metals, especially As, may have contributed to increasing EC and decreasing av. $P_2O_5$. Therefore, the effects of mine drainage contamination from the abandoned mine were derived primarily from contamination by heavy metals such as As. These may have been enhanced in toxicity (solubility) by the lowered pH, increased soil salinity (EC) and decreased av. $P_2O_5$. Our results suggest synergistic adverse effects on the plant and the nematode by decreasing osmotic potential and nutrient availability.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제46권7호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 LED 백라이트를 위한 고속 스위칭 전류-펄스 드라이버(Current-Pulse Driver)를 제안하였다. 제안한 전류-펄스 드라이버는 드레인 정규화 전류미러(Regulated Drain Current Mirror : RD-CM)[1]와 고전압 NMOS 트랜지스터(High-Voltage NMOS Transistor : HV-NMOS)로 구성되었다. 동적 gain-boosting 앰프(Dynamic Gain-Boosting Amplifier : DGB-AMP)를 사용하여 전류-펄스 스위칭 응답속도를 향상시켰다. 출력 전류-펄스 스위치가 꺼졌을 때, RD-CM의 HV-NMOS 게이트 커패시턴스에 충전된 전하가 방전되지 않기 때문에 스위치가 다시 켜졌을 때, HV-NMOS 게이트 커패시턴스를 다시 충전할 필요가 없다. 제안한 전류-펄스 드라이버에서는 게이트 커패시턴스의 반복적인 충 방전 시간을 제거함으로써 전류-펄스 스위칭 동작을 고속으로 하도록 하였다. 검증을 위하여 SV/40V 0.5um BCD 공정으로 칩을 제작하였다. 제안한 전류-펄스 드라이버의 스위칭 지연시간을 기존 드라이버에서의 700ns에서 360ns로 줄일 수 있었다.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.366-376
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• 2021

Purpose: There is no consensus regarding adjuvant therapies following Kasai portoenterostomy (KP) for biliary atresia (BA). This study aimed to analyze the effect of extended perioperative intravenous antibiotics (PI-Abx) and adjuvant corticosteroid on cholangitis and jaundice clearance rates in the 3 years post-KP in children with BA. Methods: Data of patients who underwent KP between 1999-2018 at a single center were retrospectively analyzed. Group A (1999-2010) received PI-Abx for 5 days, Group B (2010-2012) received PI-Abx for 5 days plus low-dose prednisolone (2 mg/kg), and Group C (2012-2017) received PI-Abx for 14 days plus high-dose prednisolone (5 mg/kg). Results: Fifty-four patients were included with groups A, B, and C comprising 25, 9, and 20 patients, respectively. The number of episodes of cholangitis was 1.0, 1.6, and 1.3 per patient (p=NS) within the first year and 1.8, 2.3, and 1.7 (p=NS) over 3 years in Groups A, B, and C, respectively. The jaundice clearance rate at 6 months was 52%, 78%, and 50% (p=NS), and the 3-year native liver survival (NLS) rate was 76%, 100%, and 80% (p=NS) in Groups A, B, and C, respectively. A near-significant association was observed between the incidence of cholangitis within the first year and decompensated liver cirrhosis/death at 3 years post KP (p=0.09). Persistence of jaundice at 6 months was significantly associated with decompensated cirrhosis/death at 3 years (p<0.001). Conclusion: The extended duration of PI-Abx and adjuvant corticosteroids was not associated with improved rates of cholangitis, jaundice clearance, or NLS in patients with BA.