• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2016.05a
• /
• pp.567-567
• /
• 2016

비점오염원은 강우시 토지이용형태에 따라 유출특성이 다양하게 나타나며, 특히 강우 초기에 고농도의 유출수가 수계로 유입하게 된다. 또한 강우량, 강우강도, 선행건기일수 등은 비점오염물질의 농도에 영향을 미치며, 특히 선행건기일수가 길고 강우강도가 강한 강우사상일 경우 고농도의 오염물질이 배출되는 것으로 나타나고 있다(안태웅 등, 2012). 이에 본 연구에서는 3년간(2010년 ~ 2012년)의 모니터링을 통해 고랭지 밭에서 발생하는 비점오염물질의 초기세척효과를 분석하고자 하였다. 초기세척효과의 판단은 Geiger(1987)이 제시한 누적오염부하량과 누적유출량과의 그래프를 비교하여 기울기가 45도 기울기보다 상향하여 분포하였을 경우 양분선과 최대로 벌어진 부분의 시간까지에서 초기세척효과가 발생한다고 판단하였다. 연구결과, 고랭지 밭 지역의 경우 뚜렷한 초기세척효과 현상이 나타나지 않았다. 하지만 CODCr의 경우 3차 강우사상에서 초기세척 효과가 나타난 것으로 분석되었다. 3차 강우사상은 선행건기일수가 0.9일로 매우 짧고 발생강우량이 27.3 mm로 연구기간 동안 가장 적은 강우량이 관측되었지만, 유출발생시점 전후 3시간 동안 강우강도가 4.0 ~ 6.2 mm/hr로 높게 나타났기 때문에 유출초기에 고농도의 오염물질이 발생된 것으로 판단된다. 그동안 선행된 초기세척효과에 대한 연구를 살펴본 결과 이병수 등(2008)은 경안천 유역 농업지역에 대해 초기세척효과를 분석한 결과 일부 강우에서는 초기세척현상이 나타나지만 대부분의 강우에서는 초기세척현상이 나타나지 않아 농촌지역의 경우 초기세척현상의 접근방법은 적절치 않다고 보고하고 있다. 정성민 등(2009)은 고랭지 농업지역에서 SS와 TP는 뚜렷한 초기세척현상이 나타나는 반면, TN과 DOC는 경향을 보이지 않는다고 하였다. 하지만 윤영삼 등(2011)은 강우시 포도밭에서 초기세척효과를 분석한 결과 모든 수질항목에서 약한 초기세척효과가 나타났고 특히 SS의 경우 초기세척효과가 강하게 나타났다고 보고하고 있다. 이처럼 투수지역에서의 초기세척효과에 대한 판단은 연구자에 따라 차이를 보이는데 이러한 이유는 투수지역의 토양의 특성, 강우조건, 지형적 특징 등이 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단된다.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.35-43
• /
• 2021

Background: Migraine is a common neurological disorder that affects the quality of life and causes several health problems. Preventive migraine treatment can reduce migraine frequency, headache severity, and health care costs. This study aimed to estimate the utilization of migraine preventive therapy and associated factors in eligible patients. Methods: We studied 534 patients with migraine who were eligible for migraine preventive therapy using 2017 National Patient Sample (NPS) data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA). We estimated the migraine days by calculating the monthly average number of defined daily dose (DDD) of migraine-specific acute drug. Patients with a monthly average number of DDD of 4 or more were considered as subjects for preventive treatment. Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to determine the association between the preventive therapy and the influencing variables. Results: Less than half of the eligible patients for prophylaxis (n=234, 43.8%) were prescribed preventive therapy. Multiple logistic regression results show that migraine preventive therapy was influenced by age, the type of migraine, and some comorbidities. Patients over the age of 50 tend to receive less prophylactic treatment than under the age of 40. On the other hand, migraine patients with epilepsy or depression were more likely to receive preventive therapy. Sumatriptan was the most preferred medication for acute treatment, and propranolol was the most commonly prescribed drug for prevention. Conclusions: More than half of the patients who were candidates for migraine prophylaxis were not receiving suitable preventive treatment. Positive factors affecting the use of migraine prevention were the presence of comorbidities such as epilepsy and depression.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.217-227
• /
• 2021

This study is a record of ethnomedicinal knowledge in Begumganj province focussed on medicinal plants and their local uses for primary health care. The aim was to document and preserve the ethnomedicinal knowledge used by traditional healers of Begumganj upazila, Bangladesh, to treat human diseases and evaluate the relative efficacy of the medicinal plants. The uses of medicinal plants were documented as an ethnomedicinal data sheet using direct observation, field interview, plant interview and group interview techniques from December 2012 to January 2014 in the study area. Data were collected from 98 traditional healers through a questionnaire survey and analyzed through informant consensus factor and fidelity level. This study revealed comprehensive relationship among various diseases and families, forms and parts of plants and modes of preparation. Overall, 75 plant species under 71 genera of 47 families were documented, which are used to treat 41 diseases. Data analysis revealed that 41.33%, 14.67%, 36% and 8% of the medicinal plant species were herbs, shrubs, trees, and climbers, respectively. Leaves were the most used parts, followed by stem, root, fruit, bark, latex and rhizome. The most frequently treated diseases were dysentery, rheumatism and skin diseases. This is the first ethnobotanical survey, which recorded the importance of medicinal plants in Begumganj upazila, Bangladesh. This study can contribute to preserving the indigenous knowledge on the traditional use of medicinal plants in this region and new drug development with attracting future generations towards traditional healing practice.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.245-250
• /
• 2021

The methylglyoxal (MGO) trapping constituents from Malus baccata L. were investigated using incubation of MGO and crude extract under physiological conditions followed by HPLC analysis. The peak areas of MGO trapping compounds decreased, and their chemical structures were identified by HPLC-ESI/MS. Sieboldin was identified as a major active molecule representing MGO-trapping activity of the crude extract. After reaction of sieboldin and MGO, remaining MGO was calculated by microplate assay method using imine (Schiff base) formation of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) and aldehyde group. After 4 h incubation, sieboldin trapped over 43.8% MGO at a concentration of 0.33 mM and showed MGO scavenging activity with an RC₅₀ value of 0.88 mM for the incubation of 30 min under physiological conditions. It was also confirmed that sieboldin inhibited the production of advanced glycation end products (AGE) produced by bovine serum albumins (BSA)/MGO. Additionally, MGO trapping mechanism of sieboldin was more specifically identified by ¹H-, ¹³C-, 2D NMR and, confirm to be attached to the position of C-3' (or 5').

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.143-152
• /
• 2022

In our study, sixteen known phenolic compounds, including quercetin (1), methyl gallate (2), caesalpiniaphenol C (3), 8S,8'S,7'R-(-)-lyoniresinol (4), 7,3',5'-trihydroxyflavanone (5), sappanchalcone (6), sappanone A (7), taxifolin (8), fisetin (9), fustin (10), (+)-catechin (11), brazilin (12), 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl β-ᴅ-glucopyranoside (13), 1-(2-methylbutyryl)phloroglucinol-glucopyranoside (14), (+)-epi-catechin (15), and astragalin (16) and one mixture of two conformers of protosappanin B (17/18) were isolated from the stems of Caesalpinia decapetala var. japonica. Their structures were elucidated based on a comparison of their physicochemical and spectral data with those of literature. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first isolation of compounds 3, 4, 8, 9, and 10 from C. decapetala and compounds 13 and 14 from the Caesalpinia genus. All the isolated compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effect against the α-glucosidase enzyme. Among them, two flavonols (1 and 9), one chalcone (6), and one homoisoflavanone (7) exhibited an inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase action with an IC₅₀ range value of 5.08-15.01 μM, stronger than that of the positive control (acarbose, IC₅₀ = 152.22 μM). Kinetic analysis revealed that compounds 1 and 9 showed non-competitive α-glucosidase inhibition, while the inhibition type was mixed for compounds 6 and 7.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.63 no.3
• /
• pp.87-95
• /
• 2021

The Doam Lake Watershed is one of Gangwon-do's non-point source management areas. This area has a lot of snowfall in winter, and it is expected that there will be a lot of soil erosion in early spring due to snow melting. In this study, snow melting was monitored in the Doam Lake watershed from February to 3, 2020. It was conducted to analyze the water quality changes by calculating the concentration of non-point source pollution caused by snowmelt, and to compare the concentration of water quality during snowmelt event with rainfall and non-rainfall event. As a result of water quality analysis, Event Mean Concentration (EMC) at the first monitoring was SS 33.9 mg/L, TP 0.13 mg/L, TN 4.33 mg/L, BOD 1.35 mg/L, TOC 1.84 mg/L. At the second monitoring, EMC were SS 81.3 mg/L, TP 0.15 mg/L, TN 3.12 mg/L, BOD 1.32 mg/L, TOC 3.46 mg/L. In parameter except SS, it showed good water quality. It is necessary to establish management measures through continuous monitoring.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.138-142
• /
• 2022

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common age-related neurodegenerative disease in industrialized countries. It is estimated that about 47 million people living with dementia and the number of cases will be tripled by 2050. However, the exact mechanism of AD is not known, and full therapy has still not been found. Various tryptophan-derived alkaloids have been reported as promising agents for the treatment of AD. In the present study, a series of tryptophan-derived alkaloids were isolated and characterized from the methanol extract of Hedera rhombea fruit. Based on the analysis of their observed and reported spectroscopic data, their structures were identified as N-[4'-hydroxy-(E)-cinnamoyl]-L-tryptophan (1), N-[3',4'-dihydroxy-(E)-cinnamoyl]-L-tryptophan (2), N-[4'-hydroxy-(E)-cinnamoyl]-L-tryptophan methyl ester (3), and N-[3',4'-dihydroxy-(E)-cinnamoyl]-L-tryptophan methyl ester (4). These compounds were screened for anti-Alzheimer activity via their inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes in vitro. As a result, compounds 3 and 4 showed moderate BChE inhibition with IC₅₀ values of 86.9 and 78.4 μM, respectively, compared to those of the positive control [berberine (IC₅₀ = 11.5 μM)]. However, all four compounds did not show significant inhibition of the AChE enzyme. This is the first time, the AChE and BChE inhibitory activities of these tryptophan-derived alkaloids were investigated and reported.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.68-74
• /
• 2022

HemoHIM was used as a Korean traditional medicine for anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, there is no study on the effect of HemoHIM on fatigue. We examined the potential use of HemoHIM to determine whether it can induce anti-fatigue effects. Mice were administered with HemoHIM and VEH for 14 days. On the last day of treatment, mice were subjected to behavioral tests. Subsequently, their plasma and muscle were collected after the treadmill test to measure lactate, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), ammonia, corticosterone, glycogen, and creatine kinase (CK). We found that HemoHIM moderately increased the running time (s) in the treadmill and mobility duration in the cold swimming tests. In addition, the VEH group showed a significant increase in lactate, LDH, and corticosterone levels in the plasma compared to the group that did not perform the test. However, this was moderately reduced in HemoHIM treatment. Moreover, the HemoHIM-treated group showed significant differences in LDH and glycogen levels, and showed significantly different CK levels in the muscle. HemoHIM is considered to be effective in improving fatigue, given the duration of cold swimming or running time on a treadmill. Also, HemoHIM treatment resulted in reduced concentrations of blood and muscle parameter analysis.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2023.05a
• /
• pp.471-471
• /
• 2023

소양댐 상류 유역에 위치한 고랭지 밭에서 강우시 많은 양의 탁수가 유입되고 있어 상·하류지역사회에 갈등을 유발하고 하천 환경오염의 주범으로 지목되었다. 이에 환경부는 2007년부터 꾸준히 소양호 유역을 비점오염원 관리지역으로 지정하여 다양한 노력을 기울여왔으나 여전히 소양강 상류 수계의 강우시 흙탕물 발생이 지속적으로 문제가 되고 있다. 특히 고랭지 농업이 활발한 자운지구의 경우 고랭지 밭 경작 이외에도 나대지 상태로 방치되거나, 절삭지 보호가 제대로 이루어지지 않는 등 여러 가지 문제로 토사유출이 심각하게 발생하고 있어 흙탕물 관리가 필요한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 자운지구를 포함한 내린천 유역을 대상으로 강우유출수 모니터링을 수행하였으며, 모니터링 결과를 바탕으로 강우시 비점오염물질 유출 특성을 분석하였다. 강우유출수 모니터링은 2022년 3월부터 10월 중 총 5회를 수행하였으며, 내린천 유역 내 유량 측정망이 설치되어 있는 4개지점(양지교, 현리교, 하죽천교, 원대교)과 내린천 상류 2개지점(에코빌리지, 새터교) 총 6개 지점에서 강우유출수 모니터링을 실시하였다. 분석된 자료를 바탕으로 각 소유역별 EMC, 오염부하, 단위면적당 오염부하를 산정한 결과 하죽천교와 원대교의 단위면적 당 오염부하가 높게 나타났다. 이는 해당 소유역(내린천 하류)에서 발생한 강우강도가 상류에 비해 높았으며, 하죽천교는 유역내 농경지의 비율이 높고, 원대교는 가파른 경사도의 영향이 큰 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 하죽천교와 원대교 소유역에서 배출된느 흙탕물이 내린천 유역의 하천수질 오염에 상당한 기여를 하고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 오염 우심 소유역에서 발생하는 흙탕물 저감을 위한 적절한 대책이 마련되어야 할 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구 결과와 같이 장기적인 모니터링을 통해 내린천 유역의 흙탕물 저감 대책 수립을 위한 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.168-177
• /
• 2023

Background & Objectives: Fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) offer advantages in adherence and cost-effectiveness compared to free combinations (FCs), but they can also complicate the prescribing process, potentially leading to therapeutic duplication (TD). This study aimed to identify the prescribing patterns of FDCs for dyslipidemia and investigate their associated risk of TD. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study involving drugs that included statins, using Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service-National Patient Sample (HIRA-NPS) data from 2018. The unit of analysis was a prescription claim. The primary outcome was TD. The risk ratio of TD was calculated and adjusted for patient, prescriber, and the number of cardiovascular drugs prescribed using a multivariable Poisson model. Results: Our study included 252,797 FDC prescriptions and 515,666 FC prescriptions. Of the FDC group, 46.52% were male patients and 56.21% were aged 41 to 65. Ezetimibe was included in 71.61% of the FDC group, but only 0.25% of the FC group. TD occurred in 0.18% of the FDC group, and the adjusted risk ratio of TD in FDC prescriptions compared to FC was 6. 44 (95% CI 5. 30-7. 82). Conclusions: Prescribing FDCs for dyslipidemia was associated with a higher risk of TD compared to free combinations. Despite the relatively low absolute prevalence of TD, the findings underline the necessity for strategies to mitigate this risk when prescribing FDCs for dyslipidemia. Our study suggests the potential utility of Clinical Decision Support Systems and standardizing nomenclature in reducing medication errors, providing valuable insights for clinical practice and future research.