• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.801-807
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• 2011

This study was carried out to evaluate effect of consecutive application of organic matter on soil chemical properties and dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase activity in non-volcanic ash soil during three cropping season. Organic matter mixture and organic fertilizer (MOF, $2,000kg\;10a^{-1}$), food waste compost (FWC, $2,000kg\;10a^{-1}$), and pig manure compost (PMC, 2,000, 4,000, and $6,000kg\;10a^{-1}$) were applied for each cropping season. Soil pH values were increased after three cropping season in all treatment. In the soils of the increased application of PMC, soil pH, total-nitrogen, available phosphate, exchangeable cations (K, Ca, and Mg), and heavy metal (Zn and Cu) contents were increased. In addition, Soil dehydrogenase activity was significantly increased in proportions to PMC application rate and cropping season during potato cultivation period. The activity was two times higher in PMC ($4,000kg\;10a^{-1}$) than control after the third cropping season. Soil dehydrogenase activity was in order of PMC>FWC>NPK+PMC>MOF. Acid phosphatase activity was higher in PMC ($6,000kg\;10a^{-1}$) than other treatment. Soil Zn content and dehydrogenase activity showed linearly correlation, which were MOF ($R^2$=0.427), FWC ($R^2$=0.427) and PMC ($R^2$=0.411, p<0.01), respectively. This study demonstrated that soil chemical properties and enzyme activity could be affected greatly by consecutive application of different organic matter in the potato cultivation field.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.133-137
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• 1986

A liquid waste from methane fermentation was applied on a pasture of grass-legume mixtures to determine its effect and optimum application rate on plant growth. Fresh yields of the pasture increased as the liquid waste application rate increased, especially markedly increased when the 42 ton/10a of waste was applied only. The NPK components in soil and plant was also higher in the plots of liquid application than that of control. Therefore, the optimum application rate of liquid waste was found to be 42 ton/10a. This result indicates that the liquid waste is potentially useful source for a fertilizer and irrigation water.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.581-590
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• 2011

Organic farming is rapidly expanding worldwide. Crop growth in organic systems greatly depends on the functions performed by soil microbes, and nutrient supply weed suppression by green manure crops input. Four red-pepper production systems were compared: 1) bare ground (conventional system); 2) hairy vetch monoculture; 3) rye monoculture; and 4) hairy vetch-rye mixture. Soil inorganic N reached the peak at 30 DAI and hairy vetch monoculture was the highest ($192mg\;kg^{-1}$) and soil total carbon was fluctuated sporadically during the experiment. Carbohydrate and phenolic compounds in soil kept significantly higher in green manure crops systems from 10 DBI to 30 DAI, however the level was the maximum at 10 DBI (carbohydrate) and 30 DAI (phenolic comounds). Incorporation of green manure crops residue enhanced soil microbial biomass C and N throughout the growing season except that MBN in rye was reduced after incorporation. Green manure crops systems suppressed weed occurrence and, in particular, it was prominent in rye monoculture. Mineral elements composition and production in red-pepper fruits were markedly decreased in green manure crops systems although hairy vetch monoculture has come close to bare ground (NPK-applied). Therefore, it was suggested that higher biomass production should be performed not only to improve soil quality and suppress weeds but to yield suitable red-pepper fruits in green manure crops-based organic farming.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.212-217
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• 1996

Investgated in relation to Methane emission on dry seeded rice culture was flooding and intermittent irrigation and application time of rice straw in clayey soil. Negative peaks of the methane emission before 3 leaves stage which were never seen in the transplanting cultivation was found and the highest peak was come out at the heading stage. Total amount of emitted methane was lower about 40% than that of the transplanted. Methane emission decreased about 19% by intermittent irrigation. Compost and NPK application reduced methane about 70% and 80% in comparisin with rice straw. Rice straw application one month before sowing reduced methane emission than the application just before sowing.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.112-117
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• 2011

A strain of phosphate solubilizing bacterium was isolated from rhizosphere and identified as Burkholderia sp. by 16S-rRNA gene sequence analyses. The bacterium was found to release gluconic acid and the solubilization of hydroxyapatite in the liquid medium by a significant drop in pH to 3.7 from an initial pH 7.0. The soluble-P concentration continuously increased during the incubation periods and the total amount of soluble P released in culture filtrate was detected at 990 mg $L^{-1}$ after 10 days of inoculation. Most promoted maize growth was found in the standard NPK (240-120-120 kg $ha^{-1}$) soil inoculation with Burkholderia sp. (Twenty milliliters/plant, 106 CFU) and also in the absence of Burkholderia sp. inoculation, the soil amended with only 2/3 levels of P gave significant higher plant yield compared to 1/3 levels of P or without P supplementation.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.85-91
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• 2000

Antioxidant activity and related components including tocopherols, phenolic compounds and carotenoids in the corn(Zea mays L.) kernels were measured to understand effects of fertilizer application. Hybrids used were Chalok 2, a waxy corn, and Suwon 19, a dent corn. The standard fertilizer level of N-P-K was 14.5-3-6 for Chalok 2 and 17.4-3-6.9 for Suwon 19. The treatments of the fertilizer levels were the standard level, half and two fold amounts of N, P, and K, and no fertilizer. The antioxidant activity was determined by measuring electron donating ability. The antioxidant activity of Chalok 2 was higher than Suwon 19. The antioxidant activity was the highest at the standard fertilizer treatment for Chalok 2, but was statistically not significant. The antioxidant activity and the related compounds content in Suwon 19, however, were the highest in the two fold nitrogen treatment, and the differences were significant. The contents of tocopherols, phenolic compounds and carotenoids were 30.0~38.1, 104.7~118.8, $0.1{\mu}gml^{-1}$, respectively for Chalok 2 and 16.7~20.1, 59.9~72.7, $35.5{\sim}50.0{\mu}gml^{-1}$, respectively for Suwon 19. The antioxidant activity was positively correlated with the grain yield in both cultivars. The shorter the ASI the higher the yield of the plant. The difference in genetic factors would affect greater influence than fertilizer effect on the antioxidant activity of corn.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.265-272
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• 2001

A manure compost has been identified as an alternative to fertilizer to increase soil fertility and crop production in farming fields. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of pig manure compost on soil properties and rice productivity as well as to determine the optimum application rate. In 1997, a field experiment was carried out to evaluate the growth of rice on sandy loam, loam, and clay loam soils amended with 0, 5, 10, and $20Mg\;ha^{-1}$ of pig manure compost plus NPK, which decided by soil testing. Rice yields were higher in soils receiving manure compost amendment. The maxim um yields were evaluated with $7,520kg\;ha^{-1}$ in the levels of $4.2Mg\;ha^{-1}$ of pig manure compost application plus NPK in sandy loam, $7,320kg\;ha^{-1}$ in the levels of $10.7Mg\;ha^{-1}$ in loam, and $6,320kg\;ha^{-1}$ in $17.2Mg\;ha^{-1}$ in clay loam soil. The optimum application rate of pig manure compost, which decided for 95% of maximum yields, was $4.0Mg\;ha^{-1}$ in sandy loam and $7.0Mg\;ha^{-1}$ in loam and clay loam soils under the condition of chemical fertilization by soil diagnosis. An increase in rice yield indicated a better nutrient status in compost-amended soil which was supported by the higher nutrient contents of N, P and K in shoot of plants grown in soil with manure compost amendment. Addition of manure compost increased available phosphate, silicate and exchangeable K in the amended soils according to the rate of compost application rate. It can be concluded that the manure compost could be a suitable organic fertilizer for improving rice productivity and soil fertility, and an application rate of $4.0Mg\;ha^{-1}$ in sandy loam and $7.0Mg\;ha^{-1}$ in loam and clay loam soils would give the optimum rice yields in the standard fertilization by chemical fertilization.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.226-232
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• 1982

The incubation study of the phosphate Fertilizer Index (P.F.I) fertilizer recommandation method combining two factors-retention capacity of phosphate and available soil phosphate was conducted to test the applicability on both upland and paddy soils. The relationship between added P and the square root of the $NH_4OAc-P$ (for upland) or Bray No.1-P (for paddy) was a straight line for most of soils but was not straight for some soils which are low in phosphate absorption coefficient (P.A.C) However, the relationship between the value of the slop (termed as P.F.I) and the phosphate absorption coefficient was not showed a good correlation. The P.F.I was highly correlated with extractable Al on upland soils. The effect of extractable Al on P.F.I is more pronounced on newly reclaimed soil than cultivated upland. In case of paddy soils the P.F.I showed a high correlation with active iron contents. Also, P.F.I method was compared to NPK field trial on paddy soils to eximaine the applicability of the method in determining phosphate fertilizer recommandation.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.743-748
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• 2022

The garlic chive (Allium tuberosum Rotter) is a prominent herb species in Asia and other nations of the world. Garlic chives is a favorite vegetable and used to garnish noodles in Korea. The effects of various doses of N, P, and K fertilizers and drought stress on the chlorophyll content in the leaves of garlic chives were investigated. The evaluations showed that chlorophyll a content was 0.386 at 10 mg/l N fertilizer and 0.584 at 50 mg/l N fertilizer. The treatment group showed a significant difference with regard to the contents of chlorophylls a and b and total chlorophyll at the 5% level (p<0.05). Pearson's correlation coefficient (Pearson's r) for chlorophylls a and b and total chlorophyll were 0.940, 0.966, and 0.971, respectively. The highest content of chlorophylls a and b and total chlorophyll in the leaves was recorded at 40 mg/l P fertilizer, while the values corresponding to 50 mg/l P fertilizer were lower than those for 40 mg/l P fertilizer. The content of total chlorophyll evaluated at 10 mg/l K fertilizer was 0.312 and that at 50 mg/l was 0.589. The simple linear regression showed the relationship between chlorophyll efficiency aand moisture. The slope factors of the dark-level fluorescence yield (Fo), the maximum fluorescence yield (Fm), the quenched state (Fv), and the maximal PSII quantum yield (Fv/Fm) for chlorophyll-efficient indicators were -0.931, 0.972, 972, and 0.950, respectively. NPK fertilizers and drought stress affected the chlorophyll content and efficiency of A. tuberosum.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.188-194
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• 1983

A Pot experiment was conducted to find out the effects of NPK fertilizers and soil amendments on the symbiotic nitrogen fixation and yield of soybean inoculated with Rhizobium japonicum in newly reclaimed upland soil with very low fertility. The results are summarized as follows; 1. Application of PK fertilizer and soil amendments such as lime, and rice straw in combination with micronutrients (Zn, B, Mo) increased the amounts of symbiotic $N_2$ fixation in soybean. 2. The inoculation of Rhizobium japonicum with application of soil amendments increased the yield of soybean by 4% to 10% due to enhanced $N_2$ fixation. 3. In case of improvement of newly reclaimed hilly soil in order to obtain the high yield of soybean, simutaneous application of soil amendments with inoculation of R. janconican should the highest yield.