• 동력기계공학회지
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.12-17
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study is to observe the purification characteristics of NOx, CO and HC in various catalysts and excess air ratio conditions. For this purpose, we installed various catalysts on the back stream of the coaxial diffusion burner with swirler. As the result, in the case of NOx, Pt-Rh catalyst shows very high value that is more than 90%-conversion efficiency without the relation with the excess air ratio. After excess air ratio of ${\alpha}=1.14$, it shows that the conversion efficiencies were more than 80% in the every Pt catalyst in the view of conversion of every exhaust with changing of the excess air ratio.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제26권6호
• /
• pp.666-673
• /
• 2015

본 연구에서는 고온영역에서 NOx를 제어하기 위한 선택적 환원촉매(SCR)의 연구를 수행하였다. 제조된 촉매들의 구조적 특성 및 흡 탈착 특성을 확인하기 위하여 XRD, FT-IR 분석을 수행하였다. Anatase $TiO_2$ 지지체의 경우 미미한 NOx 전환율을 나타내었으며, 이에 W을 활성금속으로 하여 제조한 $W/TiO_2$ 촉매에서 우수한 NOx 제거 능력을 보였다. 특히 $400^{\circ}C$ 이상의 고온영역에서 순수 $TiO_2$의 NOx 전환율보다 W이 함유된 $W/TiO_2$의 촉매에서 급격한 활성 증가를 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 장시간의 열충격에 따른 반응활성이 감소되는 현상이 억제됨을 확인하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.205-212
• /
• 1998

Experiments were conducted to investigate the temperature profile and the emissions conversion efficiency of catalytic converters for natural gas vehicles. Two types of the catalyst structure and several transient engine operating conditions were used. The dual-bed catalyst effectively reduced the emissions in a transient period due to the low heat capacity of the front bed. The lanthanoid additives were effective in improving catalyst durability. When the natural gas fueled engine were operated outside of a very narrow window of excess air ratio (from 0.993 to 1.004), the HC and NOx conversion efficiency dropped off. The drop-off were especially fast on the lean side of the window.

• 한국가스학회지
• /
• 제19권6호
• /
• pp.40-46
• /
• 2015

이론공연비방식 엔진은 삼원촉매를 이용하여 유해배기가스를 매우 효과적으로 저감시킬 수 있는 장점을 가지고 있다. 삼원촉매는 높은 정화효율을 보이는 공연비범위가 좁기 때문에 엔진에서의 공연비 제어가 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 삼원촉매 성능을 평가하기 위하여 다양한 운전영역에서 삼원촉매의 전환효율을 비교 분석하였다. 최적의 전환효율을 보이는 당량비를 확인하기 위하여 당량비 제어값 변화에 의한 전환효율을 살펴보았다. 실험결과 당량비 제어를 통하여 각 운전조건에서 NMHC, CH4, CO 및 NOx의 전환효율이 95%이상 나타내는 최적 운전조건을 찾을 수 있었다. 동등한 배기가스 온도 조건에서는 출력이 증가할수록 최적당량비가 선형적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였다.

• 에너지공학
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.140-145
• /
• 2015

본 연구는 경유를 2차 분사연료로 사용하는 HC-SCR 후처리장치에서 2차 분사연료의 바이오디젤 함량 변화(BD0, BD10, BD25)에 다른 NOx 변환특성을 분석하였다. 시험조건은 HC-SCR 장치의 특성, 2차 분사연료의 distillation 등을 고려하여 장치 전단온도는 $290^{\circ}C$, $320^{\circ}C$, $350^{\circ}C$로 설정하였으며, 공간속도는 55,000(1/h)으로 고정하고 연료분사량을 조절하였다. Distillation 시험결과, T90은 약 $350^{\circ}C$로 동일한 수준이었으며 바이오디젤 함량이 증가할수록 $350^{\circ}C$보다 낮은 조건에서 증발량이 감소한다는 결과를 얻었다. 2차 분사연료에 혼합된 바이오디젤 함량이 증가할수록 NOx 저감효율은 감소하는 것을 확인하였으며 저온조건($290^{\circ}C$)보다 고온조건($320^{\circ}C$, $350^{\circ}C$)에서 NOx 저감율의 차이가 더 크게 발생했다. 이러한 결과는 바이오디젤의 열악한 증발특성(Distillation)과 높은 분자량인 것으로 추측된다.

• 한국연소학회지
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.16-22
• /
• 2002

Combustion performance of an internally cycloned circulating fluidized bed for paper sludge was discussed through a series of batch type experiments. Operation parameters such as water content, feeding mass of sludge and secondary air injection rate were varied to find out the effect on the combustion performance, which was examined with carbon conversion rate and pollutant emission such as CO and NOx. A conventional solid fuel reaction was observed in the experiments of varying water content and feeding mass of the sludge, which is characterized with kinetic limited reaction zone, diffusion limited reaction zone and transition zone. Secondary air injection with swirl enhances the mixing of the gas phase as well as the solid phase, and improves combustion efficiency accompanied with higher carbon conversion rate and lower pollutant emission rate.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.516-521
• /
• 2004

In this paper, the effects of ethanol blended gasoline on emissions and their catalytic conversion efficiencies characteristics were investigated in gasoline engine with an electronic fuel injection. The results showed that the increase of ethanol concentration in the blended fuels brought the reduction of THC and $CO_2$ emissions from the gasoline engine. THC emissions were drastically reduced up to thirty percent. And brake specific fuel consumption was increased. but brake specific energy consumption was similar level. However. unburned ethanol and acetaldehyde emissions increased. The conversion efficiency of Pt/Rh based three-way catalysts and the effect of ethanol on CO and NOx emissions were investigated by the change of engine speed. load and air/fuel ratio. Furthermore, the ethanol blended fuel results in the reduction effect of THC. CO and NOx emissions at idle speed.

• 한국분무공학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.20-27
• /
• 2015

Urea-SCR which is one of the aftertreatment technologies for reducing the NOx emission is widely used. An experimental study was performed to investigate urea decomposition under various thermo-fluid conditions, with different temperatures and velocities of inflow gas, and urea solution quantities. 40 wt. % aqueous urea solutions were used in this study. The inflow gas conditions were similar to the exhaust conditions of a large marine engine. The spray performance of urea solution injector was identical under all experimental conditions. The conversion efficiency of $NH_3$ was larger than that of HNCO under all experimental conditions, unlike for the theoretical thermolysis reaction.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.104-110
• /
• 2003

As exhaust emission standards are more stringent, higher conversion efficiency of automotive catalytic converter is required. In addition, catalytic converter is deteriorated during mileage accumulation of vehicle. Therefore the specification of catalytic converter should be decided in consideration of emission standards and deterioration. Because the decision of the specification of catalytic converter is required at the beginning of vehicle development procedure, it is important and necessary to fix the target values of green vehicle exhaust emissions. To do this, a linear regression analysis was done with in-use exhaust emissions data of 5 different kinds of vehicle that received US94 emission standards certification, and data handling methods including some statistical estimation were proposed. As a result, the fixed target values of NMHC, CO, NOx of green vehicle against US94 emission standards were 0.079, 0.83, 0.116, respectively. And expected in-use deterioration factor of NMHC, CO, NOx were 1.75, 2.02, 1.38, respectively. And also it was blown that even if failure rate is 30% after 80,000km driven, it might be sufficiently safe from emission failure confirmatory test of Korea. It is hopeful to make a database of in-use emissions to increase the confidence in correctness of the calculated target values.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.1923-1930
• /
• 2012

Mn-Cu계 촉매를 사용하여 암모니아 SCR(Selective catalytic Reduction)공정에서 질소산화물 제거능을 측정하였다. 반응온도를 3가지 형태로 변화시키는 조건에서 촉매에 대한 초기반응온도의 영향을 조사하였다. 200, 300 그리고 $340^{\circ}C$에서 소성한 촉매를 사용하여 온도변화에 따른 질소산화물 전환율, 그리고 $H_2$-TPR 시스템에서 온도변화에 따른 수소소모율을 측정하였다. 이산화황가스 공급유무를 조절함으로써 촉매에 대한 이산화황가스의 불활성화 효과를 파악하였다. $340^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도에서 소성한 촉매는 열적쇼크에 의해 일부 불활성화되며, 이러한 불활성화 원인은 비표면적과 수소 전환율 결과로부터 추론할 수 있다.