• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.116-135
• /
• 2013

Objectives: This study was intended to clarify how Jakyakkamchobuja-tang (hereinafter referred to JKBT) affects mice of C57BL/10 whose osteoarthritis was induced by papain. Methods: Osteoarthritis was induced in mice by injecting papain in the knee joint. Mice were divided into 4 groups (n=6). The normal group were not treated at all whereas the control group (OAC-control) were induced for osteoarthritis by papain and oral medicated with 200 ul of physiological saline per day. The positive comparison group (OAC-$Joins^{(R)}$) were injected with papain and after 7 days, 100 mg/kg of $Joins^{(R)}$ were medicated with 200 ul of physiological saline mixed. The experimental group (OAC-JKBT) were injected with papain and after 7 days were medicated with 400 mg/kg of JKBT mixed with 200 ul of physiological saline. OAC-$Joins^{(R)}$ and OAC-JKBT were oral medicated for each substance for a total of 4 weeks, once per day. After experiments (from 1 week after injection of papain to 4 weeks elapsed), the function of liver and kidney, inflammation cytokine values within serum, degree of revelation for inflammation cytokine genes, immune cells within blood, metabolism of arachidonic acid and amount of cartilage were measured and histopathological variations for knee joint structures were observed. Results: Functions of liver and kidney were not affected. IL-$1{\beta}$ (interleukin-$1{\beta}$), MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) and TNF-${\alpha}$ (tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$) were significantly reduced and IL-6 (interleukin-6) was also reduced but not significantly. After analyzing inflammation cytokine in joints with mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid), revelation of IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) and iNOS-II (inducible nitric oxide synthase-II) were all significantly reduced. Revelation of IL-$1{\beta}$ gene was also reduced but not significantly. Neutrophil for WBC (white blood cell) within serum was significantly reduced; monocyte was also reduced but not significantly. PGE2 (prostaglandin E2), TXB2 (thromboxane B2) were significantly reduced and LTB4 (leukotriene B4) was also reduced but not significantly. Destruction of cartilage on micro CT (computed tomography)-arthrography was reduced but had no significant differences. In terms of histopathology, infiltration of inflammation, proliferation of synovial membrane, subsidence of cartilage and bone due to penetration of excessive formation of synovial cell and destruction of cartilage were small (H&E (hematoxylin and eosin), safranine O staining). Conclusions: Based on these results, Jakyakkamchobuja-tang (JKBT) is believed to be useful for suppressing the progress of osteoarthritis and its treatments because of its anti-inflammatory effects and alleviation of pain with histopathological effective efficacy.

• 대한예방한의학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.107-127
• /
• 2018

Objectives : The present study investigated the anti-obese and blood flow improvement activities of aqueous extracts of ginseng berry (GBe) on the mild diabetic obese mice as compared with metformin. Methods : After end of 56 days of continuous oral administrations of GBe 150, 100 and 50 mg/kg, or metformin 250 mg/kg, anti-obese and blood flow improvement effects - the changes of body weights, body and abdominal fat density by in live dual-energy x-ray absorptionmetry (DEXA), tail bleeding time, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, aorta and serum cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin (ET)-1 levels, aorta phosphorylated PI3K (pPI3K), phosphorylated Akt (pAkt) and phosphorylated p38 MAPK (pp38 MAPK) levels were systemically analyzed. In addition, aorta vascular dilation and constriction related gene mRNA expressions - PI3K, Akt, eNOS, p38 MAPK and ET-1 were also analyzed by realtime RT-PCR. Results : The obesity and related blood flow impairment, induced by 84 days of continuous HFD supply, were significantly inhibited by 56 days of continuous oral treatment of GBe 150, 100 and 50mg/kg, dose-dependently, and they also dramatically normalized the changes of the aorta vascular dilation and constriction related gene mRNA expressions, also dose-dependently. Especially, GBe 150 mg/kg constantly showed favorable inhibitory activities against type II diabetes related obesity and vascular disorders through PI3K/Akt pathway and p38 MAPK mediated cGMP, NO and ET-1 expression modulatory activities, as comparable to those of metformin 250 mg/kg in HFD mice. Conclusion : By assessing the key parameters for anti-obese and blood flow improvement activities on the HFD-induced mild diabetic obese mice, the present work demonstrated that GBe 150, 100 and 50 mg/kg showed favorable anti-obese and blood flow improvement effects in HFD-induced type II diabetic mice, through PI3K/Akt pathway and p38 MAPK mediated cGMP, NO and ET-1 expression modulatory activities.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• 제40권4호
• /
• pp.192-197
• /
• 2013

환경위해성평가 연구 대상인 형질전환 이벤트로서의 자격을 확인하고자 형질전환세대($T_0V_0$)에서와 같이 영양번식 제1세대($T_0V_1$)에서도 도입유전자 LeLs-antisense의 발현 특성인 무측지성을 유지한 국화 무측지성 형질전환계통 LeLs80의 영양번식 제2세대($T_0V_2$)의 형태적 및 분자 생물학적 특성을 조사하였다. LeLs80 계통의 $T_0V_2$에서도 LeLs-antisense 유전자의 발현 특성인 무측지성이 안정적으로 유지되는 것을 확인하였다. 또한, Southern 및 Northern 분석에 의해 LeLs-antisense 유전자가 3 copy 도입되었으며, LeLs-antisense 유전자의 전사체가 정상적으로 발현되는 것도 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 flanking T-DNA sequencing method를 이용하여 LeLs-antisense 유전자의 주변 염기서열 분석 통해 LeLs80 계통의 genome내 LeLs-antisense 유전자 주변에 186 ~ 464 bp의 pCAMBIA2300 T-DNA right border 부근으로 추정되는 염기서열이 확인되었고, pCAMBIA2300 전 염기서열과의 비교 분석한 결과, pCAMBIA2300 T-DNA left border와 right border내 선발마커 유전자 NPT II의 발현 promoter 부분과 LeLs-antisense 유전자 발현 terminator 일부 염기서열과 일치하였다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.585-601
• /
• 1994

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of several intracoronal base materials to prevent cervical leakage of a bleaching agent into the dentinal tubules and along the root canal. In this study, thirty-two anterior teeth were used. After lingual access was prepared in each tooth, tooth was instrumented with a step-back technique to a Nos. 40-50 using K-type files. All teeth were obturated with a lateral condensation technique. Excess gutta percha was removed with a warm instrument to the facial level of the CEJ. Teeth were divided into four groups : Teeth in control group were not filled with base material. Teeth in groups 1, 2, and 3 had 2mm of gutta percha removed with a warm instrument, then Dycal, Fuki II LC and Z-100 were filled with palstic instruments on the top of the gutta percha respectively. All teeth were bleached for 7 days, fresh bleach was added for another 7 days, then a 10 % methylene blue dye was placed inside the access preparation. They were stored at $37^{\circ}C$ and $100^{\circ}C$ humidity for 5 days. Each tooth was sectioned perpendicular to the long axis using a diamond disk. Initial cuts were made at the most coronal level of facial and lingual CEJ's, then another cuts continued appically in the levels of 0.5mm, 1.5mm, and 2.0mm respectively. The amount of dye leakage through the dentinal tubules was determined at each cut section. In addition, when the cut specimen was determined to be last penetration of any dye, this level was recorded as depth of apical leakage from the coronal terminus of the gutta percha, Dycal, Fuji II LC and Z-100. The acquired data were analyzed by Tukey's Multiple Range Test adn Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel Test to see if there was any statistically significant difference in dye penetration and linear apical leakage among the groups. The results were as follows : 1. Control group at levels of CEJ and 0.5mm, group 3 at level of 1.5mm, and group 2 AND 3 at level of 2.0mm showed the least dye penetration through the facial or lingual dentinal tubules, but there were no significant difference among three groups. 2. Group 2 at levels of CEJ and 0.5mm, group 3 at level of 1.5mm, and group 2 and 3 at level of 2.0mm showed the least dye penetration through the proximal dentinal tubules, but there were no significant difference among control group, group 2, and group 3. 3. Group 1 showed the greatest dye penetration through the facial or lingual and proximal dentinal tubules at all levels, and there were significant difference with other three groups. 4. Control group and group 1 showed 2mm apical dye leakage at facial or lingual and proximal aspects, group 2 showed 1.5mm, and group 3 showed 0.5mm.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제56권3호
• /
• pp.231-246
• /
• 2023

본 연구에서는 MIA로 골관절염을 유도한 SD 흰쥐에서 인도산 보스웰리아 검레진을 주정 추출 후, 헥산으로 지방 제거 공정을 추가하여 제조한 보스웰리아 검레진 추출물인 FJH-UBS의 항골관절염 효능을 평가하기 위해 실시하였다. FJH-UBS는 40 또는 80 mg/kg BW/day 용량으로 5주간 경구투여하였고, FJH-UBS를 2주간 투여 후 MIA (3 mg/50 µL/rat)를 무릎 관절강 내에 주사하여 골관절염을 유도하였다. MIA 유도 골관절염 동물모델에서 FJH-UBS는 무릎 관절의 부종을 감소시키고 연골의 분해를 억제하였으며, 연골 내 type II collagen과 aggrecan 발현을 증가시켰다. FJH-UBS (80 mg/kg BW/day)는 혈청 내 PGE2, LTB4, IL-1β, 및 IL-6 함량을 감소시켰고, MMP-13 함량을 감소시켰다. FJH-UBS (80 mg/kg BW/day)는 연골 활막 내 iNOS, COX-2, 5-LOX, IL-1β, IL-6 및 TNF-α 발현을 감소시켰고, MMP-2, MMP-9 및 MMP-13 발현을 감소시켰다. 이 결과는 FJH-UBS가 염증매개물질과 염증성 cytokine의 발현감소를 통해 염증 반응을 억제하고, MMPs의 발현을 억제하여 연골 기질의 분해를 억제함으로서 항골관절염 효능을 나타냄을 의미하며 이는 관절 및 연골 건강 개선 기능성 원료로 FJH-UBS의 활용 가능성을 제시한다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
• /
• 제22권5호
• /
• pp.735-743
• /
• 2015

다양한 제품들에 사용되고 있는 천연물 소재들의 효능에 대한 체계적이고 과학적인 증거자료와 임상자료는 매우 부족한 실정이다. 이러한 천연물 소재의 과학적 연구는 국민보건과 건강증진을 위한 다양한 제품개발의 기초자료로 활용할 수 있는 중요한 자료이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 보리순 추출물을 이용하여 기능성 천연물 소재로서의 가능성을 검토하였다. 항염증 활성을 조사하기 위해서 대식세포 RAW264.7에 LPS로 자극시켜 유도된 염증반응에서 보리순 에탄올 추출물의 매개체 억제 효과를 수행하였고 oxazolone을 이용하여 hairless 마우스에 접촉성 피부염을 유도하여 보리순 추출물의 항염 효과를 확인하였다. 연구의 결과에서, LPS로 자극한 RAW264.7 세포에서 COX-II, iNOS와 같은 염증성 매개체뿐만 아니라 염증성 사이토카인의 생성 및 발현이 보리순 에탄올 추출물에 의하여 현저히 억제됨을 확인하였다. 이러한 보리순 에탄올 추출물의 억제효과는 $I{\kappa}B$의 분해반응을 억제함으로써 NF-${\kappa}B$의 핵으로 이동을 억제하여 신호전달체계를 불활성화시키는 것과 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 보리순 에탄올 추출물은 NF-${\kappa}B$의 상위 신호전달경로인 MAPKs에도 영향을 미치는 것으로 증명되었다. 대식세포에서의 실험결과를 토대로 hairless 마우스에 oxazolone으로 접촉성 피부염을 유발시킨 모델에서 보리순 에탄올 추출물을 처리하여 2주간 피부 병변을 관찰한 결과 염증반응이 현저히 감소됨을 확인하였다. 이상의 결과에서 보리순 추출물이 항염증 효능을 가진 천연물 소재로서의 가능성을 제시하고 있다. 기존 연구에 의하면, 보리 추출물에는 항산화 효과가 뛰어난 폴리페놀류인 루테오린(luteolin), 사포나린(saponarin) 등이 풍부하며, 항염증 효과가 우수한 페루릭산(ferulic acid), 루토나린(lutonarin), 그리고 각종 비타민, 미네랄 등이 풍부하다고 알려져 있다. 또한 superoxide와 hydroxyl 라디칼 생성을 억제할 수 있는 2"-O-glycosylisovitexin이 함유되어 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이러한 성분들에 의하여 보리순 추출물의 항염 효과가 나타날 것으로 생각된다. 다양한 염증성 질환에서 여러 매개체들의 과도한 발현이 그 질환의 원인임을 생각해 볼 때 보리순 추출물은 항염증에 관련된 여러 제품들에서 다양하게 활용할 수 있는 천연물 소재가 될 것으로 판단되며 앞으로 보리순 추출물에서 항염 효과를 나타내는 유효화합물의 분리동정 및 생리활성평가에 대한 연구가 진행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.97-105
• /
• 2008

Vinclozolin (VCZ)은 침투성 살균제로써 과일, 채소, 와인산업에 널리 사용된다. VCZ와 그것의 대사산물들인 butenoic acid (M1)과 enanilide (M2)는 안드로겐 수용체를 놓고 항 안드로겐 물질로 작용한다. VCZ가 수컷의 생식생리와 병리에서 내분비계 장애물질(endocrine disrupting chemical, EDC)로 작용함에 대한 증거는 많이 있지만, 암컷 생식생리에 미치는 VCZ의 효과에 대한 증거는 전무하다. 본 연구자들은 이전 연구에서 VCZ가 미성숙 암컷 흰쥐의 사춘기 개시를 유의하게 지연시킴을 보고한 바 있는데, 이는 VCZ에 의해 시상하부-뇌하수체-난소(hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary, H-P-O) 생식 호르몬 축의 활성이 지연되거나 약화됨을 시사한다. 본 연구에서는 미성숙 암컷 흰쥐들의 VCZ 투여가 암컷 흰쥐의 시상하부-뇌하수체 축의 생식 호르몬 관련 유전자들 활성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. VCZ (10 mg/kg/day)를 생후 21일부터 첫 번째 질구개방이 관찰되는 날까지 매일 복강주사하였다. 시상하부와 뇌하수체의 표적 유전자들의 전사적인 변화량을 측정하기 위하여, total RNA를 추출하였고 반 정량적 역전사 중합효소반응(RT-PCR)을 실시하였다. VCZ 투여군에서 시상하부의 gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)의 분비를 조절함이 알려진 nitric oxide synthase-2 (NOS-2)의 전사활성은 대조군보다 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.01). 유사하게, VCZ 투여군의 시상하부에서의 KiSS-1, G protein-coupled receptor54 (GPR54) 그리고 GnRH mRNA 수준도 감소하였다(p<0.01). 예상대로, VCZ 투여군의 뇌하수체 luteinizing hormone-${\beta}$ (LH-${\beta}$)과 follicle stimulating hormone-${\beta}$ (FSH-${\beta}$) 전사활성도 대조군에 비하여 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.01). 이번 연구를 통해 미성숙 암컷 흰쥐의 VCZ 노출시 사춘기 개시의 지연효과는 시상하부-뇌하수체 신경내분비 축의 GnRH와 KiSS-1같은 성선자극호르몬들과 그들의 상위조절인자들의 전사 활성의 감소에 의해 야기되고, 아마도 nitric oxide (NO) 신호전달경로에 의해 조절됨을 시사한다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제62권4호
• /
• pp.308-313
• /
• 2007

연구배경: 패혈증에서 Nitric oxide 스테로이드 호르몬은 혈역학적 변화와 염증반응에 관여하는데 이 두 인자는 서로 상관성이 있는 것으로 알려지고 있다. 하지만 실제 환자에서 서로의 상관성이나 임상적 의의는 연구가 부족한 실정이다. 방법: 패혈증 환자 26예와 대조군 14예를 대상으로 혈중 총 NO와 혈중 코티졸 농도를 측정하였고 이어서 제 3, 5, 7병일에도 연속적으로 측정을 하였다. 결과: 패혈증 환자군에서 초기 혈중 코티졸 및 총 NO 농도는 대조군에 비하여 유의하게 증가하였고 경증 패혈증에 비하여 중증 패혈증 환자군에서 유의하게 높았다. 초기 혈중 총 NO의 농도는 APACHE II 점수, 정맥혈 lactate 농도와 상관성이 있었다. 패혈증의 시간의 경과에 따라 혈중 NO 농도는 제 1병일, 제 5병일, 제 7병일에 혈중 코티졸의 농도와 유의한 상관성이 있었다. 결론: 패혈증 환자들에서 혈중 NO와 코티졸 농도는 증가되어 있었으며, 경과에 따라 서로 유의한 상관성이 지속되었다. 상호작용기전에 대하여는 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것이다.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.54-71
• /
• 2005

Purpose : The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of Saurui Herba Seu Rhizoma(SHSR) on Anti-inflammatory properties in Raw264.7 cell line and murine models of inflammation. Methods : To investigate the effects of Saurui Herba Seu Rhizoma(SHSR) on anti-inflammation, we study cytotoxicity effects of SHSR on Mouse Lung Fibroblast Cells and Peritoneal Macrophages, Inhibitory effects of SHSR on the nitric oxide (NO) release, the ROS production, and the interleukin-6 production. Results : The cytotoxicity of SHSR on mouse lung fibroblast Cells and Raw264.7 cell line was not observed. SHSR in RAW264.7 cell line inhibited $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 mRNA gene expression depending upon the concentrations of extract and inhibited IL-18 mRNA gene expression at 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ of extract. SHSR in RAW264.7 cell line inhibit COX-2 mRNA gene expression at 100, 10 ${\mu}g/ml$ of extract. SHSR in RAW264.7 cell line inhibited NOS-II mRNA gene expression depending upon the concentrations of extract. SHSR in RAW264.7 cell line didn't inhibit $TNF-{\alpha}$ mRNA　gene expression. SHSR in RAW264.7 cell line decreased IL-6 production depending　upon the concentrations of extract. SHSR in RAW264.7 cell line decreased $ITNF-{\alpha}$ production according to the concentrations of extract. SHSR in RAW264.7 cell line inhibited NO release specially SHSR 100, 10 ${\mu}g/ml$ concentrations of extract. SHSR inhibit ROS production depending upon the concentrations of extract. Conclusion : These results suggest that SHSR can be used treating a lot of women disease caused by inflammation.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.921-933
• /
• 2007

This experiment was designed to investigate the effects of the KBCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder on Alzheimer's Disease Model Induced by ${\beta}A$. The effects of the KBCMT hot water extract on expression of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, NOS-II, COX-2 mRNA and production of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, NO in BV2 microglial cell line treated by lipopolysacchaide(LPS). The effects of the KBCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder on (1) the behavior (2) expression of $IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, MDA, CD68 and CD11b; (3) AChE in serum (4) the infarction area of the hippocampus, and brain tissue injury in Alzheimer's diseased mice induced with ${\beta}A$ were investigated. The KBCMT hot water extract suppressed the expression of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ mRNA in BV2 microglia cell line treated with LPS. The KBCMT hot water extract suppressed the production of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, NO in BV2 microglial cell line treated with LPS. The KBCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder a significant inhibitory effect on the memory deficit was shown for the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$ in the Morris water maze experiment, which measured stop-through latency and distance movemet-through latency The KBCMT ultra-fine powder suppressed the expression of TNF-a protein significantly in the microglial cell of mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$. The KBCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder reduced the MDA and suppressed the over-expression of CD68, CD11b in the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$. The KBCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder decreased AChE significantly in the serum of the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$. The KBCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder reduced infarction area of hippocampus, and controlled the injury of brain tissue in the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$. The KBCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder reduced the tau protein, GFAP, and presenilin1, 2 of hippocampus in the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$. These results suggest that the KBCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder may be effective for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Investigation into the clinical use of the KBCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder for Alzheimer's disease is suggested for future research.