• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.1742-1748
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• 2006

The experiment was conducted on 264 crossbred Karan-Fries (Holstein Friesian${\times}$Tharparkar) cows, over one year to explore the possibility of using milk urea (MU) concentration and milk protein content to monitor feeding adequacy under farm condition and to investigate the effects of different animal factors and season on MU concentration. Individual noon (1200 to 1300 h) milk samples were collected once in every month and analysed for urea and protein contents. Representative feed samples were also collected on the same day of milk collection and were analysed for CP content. A significant positive association (p<0.01) between MU concentration and milk yield was observed. MU concentrations (mg/dl) were found to be significantly (p<0.01) higher and lower in first lactation (44.8${\pm}$0.7) and in early lactation stage (40.7${\pm}$0.5), respectively. Average MU values were found to be significantly (p<0.01) higher in winter (50.7${\pm}$0.3) and lower in summer (32.9${\pm}$0.6). During the investigation, of the total MU observations, 50.3% were within the range of 30 to 50 mg/dl, 21.4% were <30 mg/dl and only 7.5% were >60 mg/dl. MU concentration was found to be associated significantly (p<0.05) with CP content of forages rather than concentrate. A close positive association (p<0.01) between MU level and daily milk protein (DMP) yield was observed during the investigation. The regression equation, DMP yield (g) = -24.6+33.5 daily milk yield (kg) +0.9 MU (mg/dl) was developed to establish the reference level of DMP yield. The result indicates that the effect of parity and stage of lactation may be ignored while interpreting MU values. However, reference MU values may be standardised separately for high milk yielders as level of milk yield contributes significantly to the variation of MU. The study revealed that the MU values together with DMP yield and milk protein content could be used as a potential non-invasive pointer to monitor feeding adequacy in dairy cows under farm conditions.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2013

This study assesses of efficiency of oocyte recovery and in vitro development for during the non breeding season in goat. Thirty-four matured goats, maintained in a pen under natural day length and fed hay ad libitum, were pretreated with progestagen implanted CIDR for 10 days. Superovulation treatment of the goats received twice daily intramuscular injections of a total of 70 mg FSH for 3 days from Day 8 of CIDR. All the gonadotropin treated goats were injected with 10 mg $PGF_2{\alpha}$ on Day 8 and 400~600 IU hCG in the afternoon on Day 10. Oocytes were recovered by follicle aspiration or oviduct flushing at 35 to 40 h after hCG injection through mid-ventral incision. The in vivo matured oocytes were activated by ionomycin (5 min) and 6-DMAP (3.5~4 h). The activated oocytes were cultured in mSOF medium containing 0.8% BSA at $38.5^{\circ}C$ in an atmosphere of 5% $CO_2$, 5% $O_2$, 90% $N_2$ for 7~8 days. There was no significant difference in the mean number of CL and in vivo matured and follicular oocytes recovered. But, quality of I+II grade follicular oocytes was lower (p<0.05) in the prepubertal goat (25.0%) than the adults (52.4%). The same results were also observed in the cleavage and blastocyst rate of activated oocytes. The clavage and blastocyst rate from prepubertal derived oocytes were lower (p<0.05) in the prepubertal goat (54.5%, 23.3%) than the adult goat (86.8%, 46.6%). Considering overall these results, we suggest that maturation of donor goats is a major factor affecting recovered oocytes quality and in vitro development of activated goat oocytes. There was no significant difference in oocyte quality between seasonal treatments.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.298-309
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• 2020

Background: Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a useful medicinal and oil crop in Korea. However, when safflower is cultivated, the flowering period overlaps with the rainy season, and seed maturation is poor. Therefore, this study aimed to use basic research data to develop superior varieties using agronomic characteristics and crossing method. Methods and Results: A total of 34 safflower germplasms were sown and their agronomic characteristics were investigated. Based on these investigations, the cultivar 'ui-san-hong-hwa' was selected as the mother plant, and 'Myanmar safflower' (Hsu Pan) was selected as the father plant. In addition, we developed a floret-protecting cap to cover florets after emasculation during the artificial crossing. When florets were protected by the cap, the seed setting rate increased in comparison to that in the non-covered florets. Conclusions: Agronomic characteristics can contribute to developing suitable varieties. The results suggest that the protection cap will be helpful in breeding without the floral organ drying. This study contributes an efficient breeding method to develop new safflower varieties.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 한국자원식물학회 2021년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.18-18
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• 2021

Gomchwi using stuffed leaves is many cultivated for 'Gondalbi(Ligularia stenocephala)' among Gomchwi species. 'Gondalbi' species like to be cultivation on farm because of low the incense and the bitter taste, and high yield. But 'Gondalbi' caused to curtail yield that susceptibility of powdery mildew disease and shriveling and death of plant on summer season. To solve this problems, we crossed a Gomchwi and 'Handeari-gomchwi' to have resistance of powdery mildew disease and high yield. A new Gomchwi cultivar 'Jinmani' was bred by crossing between Gomchwi (Ligularia fischeri (Ledeb.) Turcz.) and Handaeri-gomchwi (Ligularia fischeri var. spiciformis Nakai). The selection and investigation of growth and yield characteristics were conducted from 2007 to 2020 in field and greenhouse of Highland Agriculture Research Institute, NICS, Rural Development Administration. The color of petiole ear was purple. trichome of petiole and leaf back non-existed, and luster of leaf back existed. Density of leaf vein was 4 degree among 1-5 degree in a newly developed cultivar 'Jinmani'. Plant height, leaf length, leaf width and petiole length were 55.7, 21.8, 22.2, and 33.9 cm, respectively in the 2nd year of growth characteristics. Plant size was similar with that of 'Gommany'. Bolting and flowering time were Aug. 5 and Sept. 5, respectively, and Bolting and flowering time of 'Gommany' showed similar to Aug. 8 and Sept. 1, respectively. 'Jinmani' showed higher number of leaves (202 ea.) per plant compared to 'Gommany' (159 ea.). Furthermore, yield was 67.9% higher in 'Jinmani' (2,569 g/plant) than in 'Gommany' (1,530 g/plant). 'Jinmani' showed lower leaf thickness (0.66mm) than 'Gommany' (0.69 mm), and consequently showed more hardness in leaf characteristics (25.1 kg/²) compared to 'Gommany' (24.3kg/cm²). 'Jinmani' showed similar strong resistance compared to 'Gommany' in the susceptibility of powdery mildew disease.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2009

The objective of this study is to assess the feasibility of wastewater reuse for the vegetable farming. The study region, about 250 ha in size, is located on the west coast of Jejudo, Korea. Major agricultural products of the study area are the cabbage, broccoli, garlic and onion. To confirm the feasibility of wastewater reuse, the drought duration and the water requirement analysis were conducted respectively. The average annual precipitation of the study region (1,121 mm) was smaller than that of Jeju island (1,975 mm). The drought duration for a ten-year return period in October through November was more than 20 days. The water requirement for irrigation was calculated by the FAQ Penman-Monteith method which took into account the cultivated crops, planting system, and meteorological conditions of the study region. The water requirement for a ten-year return period was estimated 4.7 mm/day and the water demand for irrigation was $4,584\;m^3/day$. As a result, the irrigation water for the crops was insufficient during their breeding season, especially in October through November. Thus, the result indicated that the study region required the alternative water supply such as wastewater reuse during the non-rainy season. As drought continues to place considerable stress on the availability of fresh water supplies in the study region, irrigation with reclaimed wastewater will play an important role in helping to meet future water demands.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권5호
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• pp.922-938
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• 2023

The current study was designed to evaluate the effect of sequential low and high dietary linseed oil (LO; as omega-3 enriched fatty acid; FA) before and post insemination, respectively, on different plasma variables of ewes. Fat-tailed Qezel ewes were assigned randomly to be fed a diet enriched with 3% LO (n = 30) or the saturated FA (SFA; n = 30) three weeks before insemination (Day 0). The lipogenic diet supplemented with 6% LO or SFA was fed after insemination until Day +21. The control ewes were fed an isocaloric and isonitrogenous diet with no additional FA during the study. Estrus was synchronized by inserting a vaginal sponge (Spongavet^®) for 12 days + 500 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG; Gonaser^®), and ewes were inseminated via laparoscopic approach 56-59 h after eCG injection. The size of ovarian structures was assessed by transvaginal ultrasonography at -21, -14, -2, 0, and +10 days. Blood samples were collected weekly to measure the plasma's different biochemical variables and FA profile. Treatment did not affect the amounts of glucose, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, interleukin-10, interleukin-2, and non-esterified FA (p > 0.05). Conversely, concentrations of triglyceride, cholesterol, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and insulin-like growth factor-1 were higher in SFA-fed ewes relative to control animals (p < 0.05). LO feeding resulted in greater amounts of n-3 FA isomers in plasma, while higher amounts of stearic acid were detected in SFA fed group 0 and +21 (p < 0.05). The number of ovarian follicles and corpora lutea also were not affected by treatment. Other reproductive variables were not affected by treatment except for the reproductive rate. It seems that LO or SFA feeding of fat-tailed ewes peri-insemination period was not superior to the isocaloric non-additional fat diet provided for the control group during the non-breeding season.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2018

The long-tailed goral (Naemorhedus caudatus) has slowly recolonized habitats in South Korea. Because it is necessary to know the status of groups in recolonized areas, we determined detection frequencies and group sizes using camera trapping, a non-invasive monitoring method. In Uljin, a far southern goral habitat in South Korea, we used a Moultrie 5.0 camera and mineral block as bait during the breeding season in BaekAm Mountain (148 days, 18 May to 11 October) and Geumjong Mountain (63 days, 18 May to 18 July) in 2010. Totally, 155 images were captured in BaekAm Mountain, whereas four images were captured in Geumjong Mountain. The species was most frequently detected at sunrise (05:00-08:00) and sunset (18:00-20:00). Through population structure evaluation, we identified at least 11 individuals, including one solitary mature male, four females, four kids, and two solitary subadults in BaekAm Mountain. However, in Geumjong Mountain, we identified only two individuals (female with kid). Monitoring efficiency in the recolonized area differed depending on population density and habitat conditions. Because we could evaluate the population structure, and behavioral patterns in the study sites, monitoring using camera traps could be applied for the recolonized habitats in South Korea.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.595-599
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• 2011

'Goami 3' is a new japonica rice cultivar developed from a cross between Suweon464 and Daeanbyeo by the rice breeding team of National Institute of Crop Science, RDA. 'Goami3' has about 130 days growth duration from transplanting to heading in central plain area of Korea. It has a good semi-erect plant type and resistance to lodging of about 79 cm in culm length. 'Goami 3' had 15 panicles per hill and 104 spikelets per panicle. 'Goami 3' has very high amylose (29.5%) and high non-dietary starch compared with Hwaseongbyeo. This rice variety has slow senescence and 47% tolerance to viviparous germination during the ripening stage. 'Goami 3' is susceptible to leaf blast, bacterial blight, virus disease and insect pest. The yield performance of this cultivar in milled rice was about 3.92MT/ha by ordinary season culture in local adaptability test from 2005 to 2007. 'Goami 3' is adaptable to central and southern plain area of Korea.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.177-182
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the ovarian cycle changes of the mare according to the season. Twenty four Jeju crossbred horses(Thoroughbred ${\times}$ Jeju horse) raised in Subtropical Livestock Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA were used to identify follicles and corpus luteum with ultrasonography once a week(May 2016~June 2017). Blood samples of experimental horses were collected twice a week for analysis of P4 hormone levels. The mares were considered to have resumed ovarian cyclicity on the day of ovulation if they followed by regular ovarian cycles. Only 13 cases(61.9%) of the total 21cases showed normal ovarian cycle, and 8 cases (38.1%) showed delayed ovarian cycle. Three cases(16.7%) in October, 5 cases(27.8%) in November and 5 cases(27.8%) in December(27.8%) ceased the heat and the remaining 5 cases(27.8%) showed that the estrus was maintained in winter. Horses that stopped estrus ceased the heat until March of next year, and 27.8% were continued the heat during non-breeding season. Eleven cases(61.1%) of 18 cases in April and 2 cases(11.1%) of 18 cases in May returned the estrus.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.117-127
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• 2022

The survey of bird community characteristics was carried out four times on 2016 and 2017, respectively May and October to figure out effects of the manmade small ecosystem, Anseong. Twenty five species and 94 individuals were observed in the study area. The dominant species were Passer montanus 19.1%, Pica pica 12.8%, Cyanopica cyana 8.51%, Sinosuthora webbiana and Carduelis sinica ussuriensis respectively 7.45%, the diversity of the species was 2.787. With migration, the highest number and percentage to the lowest was residents 72.0%, summer visitors 20.0% and winter visitors 8.00%. Among 22 species which bred (check or possibility) in the manmade small ecology, Anseong, canopy (C) was 54.5%, hole (H) was 31.8%, bush (B) was 9.09% and ground (G) was 4.55% in their nesting guilds. In foraging guilds in breeding season was canopy (C) was 69.6%, bush (C) was 21.7%, water (W) and ground (G) was respectively 4.35%, and in non-breeding season, canopy was 64.0%, bush 24.0%, ground was 8.00% and water 4.00%. In the study site, the manmade habitats for birds were nest box and wetland (rain garden). In 7 nest box, Parus major was uesd 1 nest box as their breeding on 2016 and 2017, and Passer montanus was used 1 nest box on 2017. We assumed that sustainable rainwater supply may be important to attract many birds in rain garden, the manmade habitat for birds.Unfortunately, however, no birds used rain garden (wetland) as their habitats due to water shortage.