• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.10-18
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• 2011

This study presents a state of the art in evaluation on naturally occurring asbestos (NOA) areas and effective strategies for investigation and management of NOA areas in Korea. First of all, we defined and classified the NOA area as compiling various countries' regulations, then discussed the best methods for evaluation and management of NOA for reducing exposure of asbestos in the vicinity of NOA areas. According to the literature survey, a three-steps management strategy was suggested in this study. The first step is a confirmation stage of asbestos contamination possibility and the second step is an assessment stage of asbestos contamination using investigation, analysis, evaluation and reclamation. The final step is a following-up control stage. These three management steps for NOA area will give the maximum effectiveness of NOA control in Korea.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1987.11a
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• pp.387-391
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• 1987

We have observed the optical bistabilities at $5145{\AA}$ in nonlinear etalons filled with NOA8l optical adhesive which is cured with UV light under the temperature gradient of $7^{\circ}C/mm$ on the NOA81 layer surface. The critical switch-on irradiance and switch-on time are $17\;KW/cm^2$ and $350{\mu}sec$. respectively. The switching contrast of up to 8 observed in NOA81 etalons is higher than that of ZnS or ZnSe interference filter, and the thermo-optic coefficient (dn/ndT) of NOA81 is measured to be at least $-3.8{\times}10^{-4}/^{\circ}C$ which is larger in magnitude than that of ZnS or ZnSe.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2001

The effect of topical application with 200,400 and 600 $\mu$g/ml 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) and Naphthoxyacetic Acid (NOA) to the fifth stadium larvae of the silkworm, B. mori on fat body glycogen, protein, total lipids, phospholipids, neutral lipids and haemolymph trehalose and protein has been studied. The fat body glycogen significantly increased in all the groups treated with 2,4-D whereas there is no significantly change in fat body glycogen in all the groups treated with NDA. However, the haemolymph trehalose was significantly increased in all 274-D and NOA treated groups except in the groups treated with 400 and 600 $\mu$g/ml 2,4-D where the increase was not significant.The fat body protein did not show any significant change in all groups treated with 2,4-D and NOA except in the groups treated with 200 $\mu$g/ml 2,4-D where the fat body protein was significantly increased. The total lipids, phospholipids and neutral lipids of the fat body increased significantly in all the groups treated with 2,4-D and NOA when compared with those of the corresponding parameters of the carrier control.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.142-147
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• 2011

Objective: This study was performed to evaluate testicular sperm chromatin condensation using aniline blue-eosin (AB-E) staining and its effects on IVF-ET. Methods: Chromatin condensation was analyzed using AB-E staining in 27 cases of testicular sperm extraction. There were 19 cases of obstructive azoospermia (OA) and 8 cases of non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) in IVF-ET. Mature sperm heads were stained red-pink whereas immature sperm heads were stained dark blue. The percentage of sperm chromatin condensation was calculated from the ratio of the number of red-pink sperm to the total number of sperm analyzed. Results: The overall percentages of chromatin condensation in OA and NOA were $31.1{\pm}11.2%$ and $26.3{\pm}14.4%$, respectively. The fertilization rate was significant higher in OA than NOA ($p$ <0.05); however, the rates of good embryos and clinical pregnancy did not show statistical differences. In OA and NOA, statistical differences were not observed in the rate of chromatin condensation, fertilization, good embryos, and clinical pregnancy between the pregnant group and non-pregnant group. Conclusion: Chromatin condensation is less stable than OA and showed a low fertilization rate in NOA. While there were no significant differences in chromatin condensation results between NOA and OA, we propose that a pattern of decreased chromatin condensation in NOA is one of the factors of low fertilization results requiring further study.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.321-327
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• 2014

Polymer dispersed liquid crystal lenses of the cell gap of $11{\mu}m$ and $30{\mu}m$ were made from a uniformly dispersed mixture of 40 wt% NOA65 prepolymer - 60 wt% E7 liquid crystal with the variations of the additional photoinitiator. The photoinitiator, benzophenone of 5.0 wt% was originally in the commercial prepolymer NOA65. In this works, the influence of the benzophenone amount intentionally added in the commercial NOA65 on the electrical properties of polymer dispersed liquid crystal lens for smart electronic glasses. The additional quantities of the photoinitiator were 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 wt% of the weight of NOA65 - E7 mixture. All the electro-optical properties of the sample with added benzophenone such as the driving voltage, the slope of the linear region, the response time and contrast ratio were more improved than that of commercial NOA65 only. These improvements were due to the increase of the average size of E7 liquid crystal droplets in the samples with the increase of the added benzophenon amount. The liquid crystal droplet size was increased from $5.3{\mu}m$ to $12.2{\mu}m$ when the photoinitiator was added from 0 wt% to 8 wt%. At the same concentration range of the photoinitiator, the driving voltage was ranged from 11.1 V to 17.3 V. The slopes of the linear region were in the range of 10.35~13.96 %T/V, which were more enhanced than that of NOA65 without the additional benzophenone. In particular, though the deteriorations by cell gap of $11{\mu}m$ were so effective to offset the influence of the added benzophenone for both rising and falling response time, it is confirmed that there were still somewhat improvement by the additional benzophenone. Response time and contrast ratios of all the samples with excess benzophenone were slightly enhanced.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.199-199
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• 2009

Recently, polymeric microlens arrays have become important elements in many applications. Microlens arrays have been used to enhance luminance efficiency and luminance power efficiency of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and organic LEDs. Many processes for fabrication of microlens array are studied. Though the MLA has been fabricated by electroformed mold, LIGA process and reflow method, these methods were required masks, multiple process steps and post processing. In this paper, we proposed rapid and direct UV laser direct fabrication process using colorless liquid photopolymer, NOA60 for polarization activated microlens. The microlens arrays are formed on the NOA60 on glass, after the focused laser energy was irradiated to the material. The diameter of MLA was varied from 42 to 88 ${\mu}m$, and the height from 0.9 to 1.6 ${\mu}m$. The MLA fabricated using NOA60 shows more then 85% transmittance as well as good hardness for optical module.

• Journal of odor and indoor environment
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.330-336
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to determine whether crops and fruits absorb the naturally occurring asbestos (NOA). The concentration of asbestos in various crops and fruits grown in NOA areas was analyzed and background levels of asbestos in ambient air and soil samples were assessed. Actinolite/Tremolite asbestos were detected in all soil samples. Among 21 ambient air samples, 2 samples were recorded to contain 0.0005 f/cc (fiber per cubic centimeter) but no asbestos was detected in the other samples using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). However, no evidence suggesting that the crops and fruits could be contaminated by NOA was found in this study. The excess lifetime cancer risks (ELCRs) of ABS scenarios (agricultural activities) used in this study were calculated by using the Arithmetic (AM) and Geometric mean (GM) of ELCRs. The AM and GM of ELCRs estimated from digging soil and weeding activities did not exceed $1{\times}10^{-4}$, which was defined as the general acceptable risk range for exposure. The results of this study would be informative to NOA managers and related policy makers to make plans to prevent unexpected exposure to asbestos to residents living in an NOA area.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.78-84
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• 2023

In this paper, front color glass for Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) system was implemented by spin coating method using color solution. Solutions suitable for color solutions were investigated using pearlescent pigments and various solutions to implement color glass. One of investigated solutions, NOA 63 and NOA 65, which are ultraviolet light curing agents, were able to implement color glass with superior coating properties and color reproducibility than other solutions. Color glass realized by spin coating with a NOA 65 based color solution showed high transmittance of 86% in the visible and near-infrared wavelength bands, and the change in optical properties of color glass over time was insignificant, making it a suitable material for realizing color glass for BIPV Suitable as a color solution. The solution process method using the spin coating method is expected to facilitate the manufacturing process of front color glass for BIPV as it can produce color glass more easily and quickly than the existing physical deposition method or color glass manufacturing process using nanoparticles.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.1435-1444
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• 2023

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate Raman spectroscopy technique as a noninvasive tool to predict meat quality traits on Braford longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle. Methods: Thirty samples of muscle from Braford steers were analyzed by classical meat quality techniques and by Raman spectroscopy with 785 nm laser excitation. Water holding capacity (WHC), intramuscular fat content (IMF), cooking loss (CL), and texture profile analysis recording hardness, cohesiveness, and chewiness were determined, along with fiber diameter and sarcomere length by scanning electron microscopy. Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) analysis was used to differentiate tender and tough meat groups. Results: Higher values of cohesiveness and CL, together with lower values of WHC, IMF, and shorter sarcomere were obtained for tender meat samples than for the tougher ones. Raman spectra analysis allows tender and tough sample differentiation. The correlation between the quality attributes predicted by Raman and the physical measurements resulted in values of R² = 0.69 for hardness and 0,58 for WBSF. Pearson's correlation coefficient of hardness (r = 0.84) and WBSF (r = 0.79) parameters with the phenylalanine Raman signal at 1,003 cm^-1, suggests that the content of this amino acid could explain the differences between samples. Conclusion: Raman spectroscopy with 785 nm laser excitation is a suitable and accurate technique to identify beef with different quality attributes.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.221-228
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• 2017

We measured the refractive index of a mixed polymer (NOA61, NOA84) in the liquid and solid states. First we made a hollow prism and filled it with UV (ultraviolet) epoxy. Measurement of the apex angle and the minimum-deviation angle gave the refractive index of the liquid polymer. To measure the refractive index of the solid polymer, an additional structure was included in the hollow prism, and the UV epoxy filling in the hollow prism was hardened. In both cases of liquid and solid polymers, the refractive index of the mixed polymer turned out to be proportional to the mix ratio. These results provide a method to vary the focal length of a double stacked cylindrical microlens array using UV epoxy.