• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.13-17
• /
• 1998

The root of Aralia continentalis Kitagawa (Araliaceae) have been used as an analgesic and fever remedy, and for treatment of rheumatism in Chinese medicine, whereas the young leaves are used for ingredient of salad. Antioxidant activity of the young leaves of A. continentails was determined by measuring lipid peroxide produced when a mouse liver homogenate was exposed to the air at $37^{\circ}C$, using 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and by evaluation the radical scavenging activity on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. Chromatographic separation of active fraction led to the isolation of six flavonoids, among which quercetin, hyperoside and kaempferol showed strong antioxidant activities, while 6"-O-acetyl astragalin, astragalin and trifolin were inactive. Adenosine, oleanolic acid 28-O-glucosyl ester and salsoloside C methyl ester isolated from the somewhat active BuOH fraction exhibited no antioxidant activities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.334-341
• /
• 2010

The objective of this study was to examine the quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of yogurt containing hot water extract from maca. Four different levels (0, 4, 8, 12%) of maca extract were added to milk followed by fermentation with lactic acid bacteria at $37^{\circ}C$ for 12 hrs, and then the physicochemical properties of the samples were investigated. During 7 days of storage at $4{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, the acid production (pH and titratable acidity) of the yogurt increased with the addition of maca extract. The Hunter L value (lightness) decreased, while the b value (yellowness) increased as the maca extract level in the yogurt increased. Viable cell counts were not significantly different among the samples. The results of consumer acceptance tests showed that no significant differences in overall acceptability were observed between the yogurts containing 4% and 8% of maca extract and a control yogurt. The yogurt containing maca extract exhibited higher DPPH radical and superoxide anion radical scavenging activities than the control yogurt over the storage period.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.1008-1012
• /
• 2009

We investigated the biological activities of ethanol extracts obtained from five endive cultivars. Free radical-scavenging activities of extracts from Redoria, Halifax, Vintor, Kibora, and Metafora cultivars were 94.2%, 60.8%, 66.6%, 70.0% and 67.4%, respectively. The extract from Redoria showed the highest activity among all the tested samples including BHT (Butylated hydroxyanisole) and vitamine C, known as antioxidant. Endive extracts slightly (17.5 - 38.6%) inhibited $\alpha$-glucosidase activity. However, there is no inhibitory activity against $\alpha$-amylase. In terms of proteolytic activity, all endive extracts showed strong activity than pancreatin (used as a positive control), and the extract of Redoria also exhibited stronger activity than other extracts as well as free radical scavenging activity. These results indicate that endive, especially the Redoria cultivar, can be used as a natural resource for development of antioxidants or materials aiding digestion.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.77-81
• /
• 2009

Abies nephrolepis(Pinaceae) extracts were tested for determined immune system regulating activity based on antiinflammatory activity, antioxidant activity and anti-proliferative effect on HeLa cell line. The A. nephrolepis extracts increased dose-dependently anti-proliferation of HeLa cell line. The DM fraction of the extracts having anti-proliferatative effects of HeLa cell line was fractionalized four subfractions($D1{\sim}D4$). Inflammation-induced NO production was inhibited by D2 and D4 in LPS-activated RAW264.7 macrophages. And also, this fractions showed antioxidant activity examined by DPPH radical scavenging effects. These results suggest that the potential use of DM fraction of A. nephrolepis in chemoprevention and regulation overproduction of NO on pathogenic conditions. The mechanism of the inflammatory effects, however, must be evaluated through various parameters in the induction cascade of NO production.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.41-49
• /
• 2017

In this study, to evaluate antioxidant activity and safety on skin of Arctium lappa L. root extract, antioxidant activity was understood through total content of polyphenol, total content of flavonoid and DPPH radical scavenging activity, and cytotoxicity for B16F10 melanoma and skin cell protection effect for ultraviolet rays A were confirmed. To verify the application as cosmetic material, the first skin patch test was performed. The result of this experiment showed that as the content of Arctium lappa L. root extract increased, the content of polyphenol and flavonoid increased, and DPPH radical scavenging activity was confirmed. The result of checking cytotoxicity for B16F10 melanoma cells showed that it had low toxicity, and over 80% cell protection effect for ultraviolet rays A was confirmed. In addition, through the first skin patch test, Arctium lappa L. root extract was confirmed to have almost no skin irritation. Through this result, Arctium lappa L. root extract is excellent in skin protection from ultraviolet rays, has low toxicity for skin cells and is safe on skin, so its possibility of being a cosmetic ingredient was verified.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.42 no.5
• /
• pp.675-681
• /
• 2013

Home-made broccoli Kochujang (HMBK) was prepared with the addition of 5% broccoli leaf powder. Its physicochemical and functional properties were measured in extracts (80% methanol, 80% ethanol, and distilled water) and compared with home-made Kochujang (HMK) and factory-produced Kochujang (FPK). Total phenolic content (TPC) was 22% higher in methanol extract from HMBK (524.2 GAE/100 g) compared to HMK (431.0 GAE/100 g). TPC was 8% higher in ethanol extract from HMBK (541.9 GAE/100 g) compared to HMK (499.9 GAE/100 g). DPPH radical scavenging activity was 1.6 times higher in the methanol extracts from HMBK than HMK. In contrast there was no difference in DPPH radical scavenging activity between HMBK and HMK. Oxygen radical absorbance capacities in methanol and ethanol extracts from HMBK were similar to HMK, but both were higher than extracts from FPK (55% and 23% higher, respectively). Inhibition of angiotensin I converting enzyme activity in methanol extracts from HMBK was similar to HMK, but it was 2.6 times higher than inhibition activities from FPK. Interestingly, only ethanol extract from HMBK showed a 10.7% and 18.3% inhibition on cell growth of the human colon adenocarcinoma grade II cell line (HT-29) and human lung carcinoma cell line (NCI-H1229), respectively. These results indicate home-made Kochujang with broccoli leaf powder contains high total phenolics, antioxidant activities, and cancer cell growth inhibition activities.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.392-409
• /
• 1998

The present experiment was designed to examine the effects of Jeongjihwan on carecholamines, serotonin, amino acids, lipid peroxide, free radical scavenging activity, malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase activity in senile brain. It was performed by administering Jeongjihwan extracts of a variety of concentration to senile rats to experimentally determine effects of Jeongjihwan on biochemical changes in senile brain and examine protective effects against neurotoxin. To examine survival rate, the rat's spinal cord sensory ganglion cell pretreated in Jeongjihwan extracts was cultured in oxygen free radical. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Jeongjihwan significantly increased noradrenaline in the hippocampus and hypothalamus of the brain tissue of senile rats, and even though Jeongjihwan increased noradrenaline also in other brain tissue, there was no significance. 2. Jeongjihwan had no effects on dopamine changes in all brain tissue of senile rats. 3. Jeongjihwan significantly increased serotonin, but decreased in other brain tissue. 4. Jeongjihwan increased amino acid in the brain tissue of senile rats. 5. Jeongjihwan significantly decreased lipid peroxide and free radical in the brain tissue of senile rats. 6. Jeongjihwan significantly increased survival rate of nerve cell exposed to oxygen free radical. According to the above results, Jeongjihwan is assumed to improve brain function by reacting on biochemical changes of the senile brain and carries effects of protecting against neurocytotoxicity, and that Jeongjihwan can be used to treat regressive brain disease carrying symptoms of psychoactive disorders.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.51 no.3
• /
• pp.199-206
• /
• 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of Chaenomeles sinensis as a content of protocatechuic acid and physiological activities. The analyzed the content of protocatechuic acid of Chaenomeles sinensis water extract (CSW) according to different extract temperature and time for extraction. It was analyzed as 0.14±0.00 mg/g in the extract at 100℃ for 3 h. Protocatechuic acid content increased as extraction time and temperature increased. The activity of the CSW at 100℃ for 3 h was measured. As a result of measuring DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activity and SOD activity, antioxidant activity was found and α-glucosidase inhibition activities. Cell viability was shown for RAW 264.7 cells, and NO (nitric oxide) production was also inhibited. Finally, content of protocatechuic acid increased with increasing extraction time and extraction temperature, and exhibited antioxidant activity, inhibition of NO production, and anti-diabetic activity. It is believed that the Chaenomeles sinensis is likely to be developed as a functional material.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.80-88
• /
• 2016

Seven kinds (acacia, cochineal, catechu, grape peel, persimmon, gallnut and clove) of color powders obtained from natural resources and their mixtures were evaluated for their biological activities, such as antioxidant (ABTS and DPPH radicals scavenging), cholesterol absorption, and COX-2 inhibitory activities. Catechu, gallnut and clove were selected for the further studies due to its the best activities. The cholesterol absorption, COX-2 inhibitory, ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitory and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activities were measured using the mixtures of catechu, gallnut and clove. The ABTS radical scavenging activity of the seven types of natural color powders were higher than the DPPH radical scavenging activity. The cholesterol absorption activity was significantly higher in cloves. The COX-2 inhibitory activity was significantly lower in acacia. The ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitory activity was higher in catechu and gallnut, indicating that there were no significant difference between two mixtures. The ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity was the highest in catechu, which was higher than that of the catechu-containing mixtures. From all these results, a synergistic effect could be obtained when utilizing a mixture of powders rather than using only individual type. Since the activity of each powder was different, further studies will be required for clarifying the interactions between mixtures.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.29-36
• /
• 2017

Background: Ganoderma lucidum cultured on hulled barley was investigated as a potential natural source of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents. Methods and Results: The yields from Ganoderma lucidum cultured on hulled barley water and ethanol extract were 17.69% and 25.77%, respectively. The antioxidant activity of Ganoderma lucidum cultured on hulled barley extracts was confirmed by various methods including assayss of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzo thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), nitrite radical scavenging, and $Fe^{3+}$ to $Fe^{2+}$ reducing power activity. The ethanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum cultured on hulled barley showed improved DPPH, ABTS and nitrite radical scavenging activity compared with the water extract. After treatment of RAW264.7 cells with Ganoderma lucidum cultured on hulled barley ethanol extracts, the cell viability compared with the control was 92.82%, even at a concentration of $3,000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. The ethanol extract inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in RAW264.7 cells stimulated with $H_2O_2$, even at low concentrations. In addition, the ethanol extract showed an inhibitory effects on the production of lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide (NO) in RAW264.7 cells. Conclusions: This study suggests that the extract of Ganoderma lucidum cultured on hulled barley is a potential source of natural antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents.