• 생명과학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.50-55
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• 2023

본 연구는 Rosa davurica Pall. 잎 추출물의 염증 억제 효과 및 그 조절 기전을 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. Rosa davurica Pall. 잎 추출물의 항염 평가는 LPS로 자극한 Raw 264.7 대식세포에서 생성되는 NO와 iNOS 분석을 통해 확인하였다. Rosa davurica Pall. 추출물의 처리는 농도의존적으로 LPS에 의한 NO 생성과 iNOS 단백질의 발현을 유의미하게 억제하였고 500 ㎍/ml의 고농도에서는 세포 독성을 나타내었다. Rosa davurica Pall. 추출물은 LPS에 의해 인산화된 IκB 발현을 억제하였고 LPS에 의해 활성화된 NF-κB의 인산화를 약화시킴으로써 NF-κB의 활성화를 억제하였다. 또한, NF-κB signaling 특이 저해제인 PDTC와 Rosa davurica Pall. 추출물의 동시 처리는 각각 처리군에 비해 NO 생성과 iNOS 단백질 발현을 더욱 억제하였다. 이상의 결과는 Rosa davurica Pall. 추출물이 NF-κB signaling 조절에 의해 NO 생성을 억제함으로써 LPS에 의한 대식세포 염증 반응을 제어하고 있음을 제시해 주고 있다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.113-120
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• 1999

Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical synthesized from L-arginine by nitric oxide synthase (NOS). It is believed that NO is an important mediator in numerous physiological and inflammatory responses. Particularly, a large amount of NO released from the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is mostly associated with inflammatory processes. Overproduction of NO in these processes including sepsis and autoimmune diseases can have deleterious consequences and pathophysiologic relevance. Therefore, for the discovery of new inhibitory agents against iNOS activity, we have evaluated about 100 kinds of natural products after partition into three layers (n-hexane, ethyl acetate and aqueous) from 100% methanol extracts to study inhibitory effects on iNOS activity induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW264.7 cells culture system. As a positive control, curcumin, which is known as an anti-tumor promoter, anti-inflammatory agent as an iNOS inhibitor, was used and showed the dose-dependent inhibitory effect $(IC_{50},\;2.5\;{\mu}g/ml)$. Among tested fractions, the n-hexane fraction of Cimicifuga heracleifolia $(IC_{50}:\;9.65\;{\mu}g/ml)$, Forsythiae fructus $(IC_{50}:\;6.36\;{\mu}g/ml)$, Saposhnikovia divaricata $(IC_{50}:\;5.92\;{\mu}g/ml)$, and the ethyl acetate fraction of Chrysanthemum sibiricum $(IC_{50}:\;2.56\;{\mu}g/ml)$, Gastrodia elata $(IC_{50}:\;3.46\;{\mu}g/ml)$, and the aqueous fraction of Dianthus chinensis $(IC_{50}:\;6.73\;{\mu}g/ml)$, Euonymus alatus $(IC_{50}:\;6.78\;{\mu}g/ml)$, Mechania urticifoloria $(IC_{50}:\;8.01\;{\mu}g/ml)$ showed strong inhibitory activity against LPS-stimulated iNOS. Especially, the ethyl acetate fraction of Chrysanthemum sibiricum $(IC_{50}:\;2.56\;{\mu}g/ml)$, which exhibited the strongest inhibition against iNOS, was fractionated with silica-gel column chromatography. These subfractions exhibited dose-dependent inhibition against iNOS activity in the range of $2.59-5.6\;{\mu}g/ml$ except for fraction No. 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, and 16. Our study shows that Chrysanthemum sibiricum has the strongest inhibitory effect against iNOS activity and has similar effect to curcumin. Therefore, further studies for the identification of active principles from Chrysanthemum sibiricum and investigation for the mechanism of the inhibition of iNOS by active principles will be performed.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.188-194
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• 1997

The growth inhibition effect of Orally administrated yogurt ACE and Metchnikoffupon E. coli O157:H7 and S. typhimurium inoculated into gastric lumen of rabbits was in vestigated. The rabbits challenged with each 1 $m\ell$ of suspension containing 108 CFU/$m\ell$ of the pathogens were divided into 4 groups by the interval of yogurt administration: A group; preadministrated 7 days before inoculation of the pathogens and fed daily; B group; administrated daily after inocjlation of the pathogens, C group; administrated every 3 days after inoculation of the pathogens; Control group, not fed after inoculation of the pathogens. Each 3 $m\ell$ of yogurt containing 109 CFU/$m\ell$ was orally administrated into rabbits. All yogurt administrated groups (A, B, c) chowed growth ingibition effect on E. coli O157:H7 in one day after inoculation of the pathogen by the level of 0.8~1.0 log CFU/g, compared with the result differences between the control group and the yogurt administrated groups. In the control group after 5 days of inoculation, the number of colonized pathogens was 105~106 CFU/g, whereas 103~104 CFU/g was detected in the yogurt administrated groups. After 10 days of inoculation, the viable pathogen number per gram (g) of the rabbit feces was 103 CFU/g in the control group, whereas the number below 101 CFU/g was detected in the group A, and 102 CFU/g in the control group, B and C. The growth inhibition effect of yogurt administration on E. coli O157:H7 was highly increased in the order of A, B, and C group. The same effect on S. typhimurium was observed at the level of 2 log CFU/g in the Metchnikoff yogurt administrated groups, compared with the control group result in one day after inoculation of the pathogen. In 7 days after inoculation of the pathogen, the viable number was increasingly decreased, and finally after 15 days no viable cell of S. typhimurium was discharged into the fecal samples in the group A, and the mean level of 10* CFU/g was detected in the group B, but there was no growth inhibition effect in the group C. The growth inhibition effect on S. typhimurium was observed at the same level of viable cell number between the yogurt ACE administrated groups and the control group in 5 days after inoculation. But, after 10 days of inoclation the viable cell number was started to decrease, and the viable cell of S. typhimurium was not discharged from rabbit intestinal contents after 15 days of inoculation in the yogurt ACE administrated groups. In such a case that yogurt was administrated in order to prevent the pathogens, pre-administration on a daily basis one week before inoculation of the pathogens exerted considerable effect in growth inhibition. In comparison with two kinds of yogurt tested in this study, the growth inhibition effect on two kinds of pathogens was observed more highly in the Metchnikoff administated group than the ACE administrated group.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.59-79
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to determined the effects of reciprocal inhibition on spatial-temporal gait parameters in spastic hemiplegic patients through GaitRite system. The subjects were consisted 45 patients who had spastic hemiplegia due to stroke. All subjects randomly assigned to 3 group : manual reciprocal inhibition program group(manual group), neuromuscular electrical stimulation group(NMES group) and control group. The manual group received voluntary isometric contraction of pre-tibia muscle. The NMES group received neuromuscular electrical stimulation on tibialis anterior. The control group was not recieved any therapeutic intervention. Before and after experiments, spatial-temporal gait parameters and functional ambulatory profile was measure in all patients. The data of 30 patients who complete experimental course were statistically analysed. The results of this study were as following : 1. The percentage of change of functional ambulatory profile were markedly increased in manual group but statistically non significant(p>.01). 2. The percentage of change of gait velocity and cadence were markedly increased in manual group but statistically non significant(p>.01). 3. Asymmetry ratio of gait elements were more improved in manual group but statistically non significant(p>.01). 4. There were no statistical difference between pre-test and post-test with functional ambulatory profile, gait velocity, cadence and asymmetry ratios in NMES group(p>.01). 5. There were no statistical difference between pre-test and post-test with unctional ambulatory profile, gait velocity, cadence and asymmetry ratios in control group(p>.01). In conclusion, the present results revealed that reciprocal inhibition which produced by voluntary isometric contraction of pre-tibia muscle can be improved spatial-temporal gait parameters including functional ambulatory profile in hemiplegic patients. Therefore, reciprocal inhibition is useful to improve functional activities in hemiplegic patient. Further study should be done to analyze the effects of intervention duration of reciprocal inhibition, appropriate muscle contraction, optimal time to apply the reciprocal inhibition in more long period.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.136-140
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• 1999

Characteristics of organic acid degradation by isolated yeast strain was investigated. Optimum initial pH was 5. Increase in cell mass was proportional to the decrease in organic acid degradation. Also no accumulation of byproduct was observed during degradation. Acetic acid degraded fast, followed by butyric acid and propionic acid in order. No significant substrate inhibition was observed up to 12 g/L of acetic acid 7 g/L of propionic acid, respectively. However, inhibition of butyric acid was significant above 4 g/L. Cell mass yield was 0.2-0.4 g cell/g acids and decreased at high decreased at high organic acid concentration. 95% of organic acid (7.5 g/L), corresponding to 13,000 ppm, was degraded in 30-40 hours.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.363-371
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• 2015

n-Butanol and ethyl acetate extracts of thermal treatment yam (Dioscorea batatas $D_{ECNE.}$) belonging to the family Dioscoreaceae were measured for their radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibition ability. In this study, ethyl acetate extract showed the most potent antioxidant activity evaluated by ferrous ion chelating activity and NO radical scavenging activity. Nevertheless, n-butanol extract was more effective in inhibiting linoleic acid peroxidation. A significant difference between n-butanol extract and ethyl acetate extract in nitrite scavenging activity ${\beta}$-carotene bleaching assays could not be found. Also, the results of this study showed that thermal treatment yam could be used as easily accessible source of natural antioxidants and as a possible food supplement.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.285-290
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• 2005

We demonstrate that radicicol, a macrocyclic antifungal antibiotic originally isolated from Monosporium bonorden, inhibits LPS-induced expression of iNOS gene in RAW 264.7 cells. Treatment of peritoneal macrophages and RAW 264.7 cells with radicicol inhibited LPS-stimulated nitric oxide production in a dose-related manner. Immunohistochemical staining of iNOS and RTPCR analysis showed that the decrease of NO was due to the inhibition of iNOS gene expression in RAW 264.7 cells. Immunostaining of p65, EMSA, and reporter gene assay showed that radicicol inhibited $NF-\kappa/Rel$ nuclear translocation. DNA binding, and transcriptional activation, respectively. Collectively, these series of experiments indicate that radicicol inhibits iNOS gene expression by blocking $NF-\kappa/Rel$ nuclear translocation. Due to the critical role that NO release plays in mediating inflammatory responses, the inhibitory effects of radicicol on iNOS suggest that radicicol may represent a useful anti-inflammatory agent.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2015

Four spiroketal sestertepenoids (1 ~ 4) were isolated from the marine sponge Haliclona species. Their planar structures were completely determined from a combination of extensive 1D and 2D NMR experiments, and also the relative stereochemistry on the chiral centers were established by the ROESY experiment. Compounds 1 ~ 3 were determined as the same planar structures with different stereochemistry on the chiral centers C-11 and C-13. Of these, 1 was identified as a new stereoisomer. Four compounds showed the inhibition effect of nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells (0.7~2.0 g/ml).

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.169-177
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• 2013

울릉도 민속식물 31분류군 49점 추출물을 대상으로 최종농도 $50{\mu}g/mL$로 LPS에 의해 유도된 RAW 264.7 대식세포의 NO 생성량을 조사하였다. 그 결과, 다래(Actinidia arguta) 잎 가지, 헛개나무(Hovenia dulcis) 잎, 동백나무(Camellia japonica) 잎 가지, 말오줌나무(Sambucus sieboldiana var. pendula) 잎 가지, 왕호장근(Fallopia sachalinensis) 뿌리 순으로 항염 활성이 우수하게 나타났다. 이 중에서 다래 잎 가지, 헛개나무 잎, 동백나무 잎 가지 추출물을 LPS로 유도된 Raw 264.7 대식세포에서 최종농도가 10, 20, 40, $50{\mu}g/mL$로 처리하여 NO 생성량과 세포생존율, $PGE_2$ 생성량을 측정하였다. 그 결과 다래 잎 가지($IC_{50}=29.21{\mu}g/mL$), 헛개나무 잎($IC_{50}=27.34{\mu}g/mL$), 동백나무 잎 가지($IC_{50}=45.68{\mu}g/mL$) 모두 NO 생성을 농도 의존적으로 유의성 있게 억제하였다. 또한 $PGE_2$ 측정결과 다래 잎 가지($IC_{50}=21.06{\mu}g/mL$), 헛개나무 잎($IC_{50}=33.47{\mu}g/mL$), 동백나무 잎 가지($IC_{50}=43.90{\mu}g/mL$)에서도 유의성 있는 억제효과를 보였다. 본 연구결과 다래 잎 가지, 헛개나무 잎, 동백나무 잎 가지의 추출물은 염증 유발의 중요 인자인 NO 및 $PGE_2$ 생성을 저해하여 우수한 항염증 효과를 보였다. 이들 소재에 대한 염증억제 유효성분 규명 및 그 작용기전을 추가적으로 연구함으로써 만성 염증질환의 예방과 치료에 효과적으로 사용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권9호
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• pp.1412-1419
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• 2020

Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are a leading cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. However, the paucity of appropriate cell culture models for HuNoV replication has prevented developing effective anti-HuNoV therapies. In this study, first, the replication of the virus at various temperatures in different cells was compared, which showed that lowering the culture temperature from 37℃ significantly increased virus replication in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. Second, the expression levels of autophagy-, immune-, and apoptosis-related genes at 30℃ and 37℃ were compared to explore factors affecting HuNoV replication. HuNoV cultured at 37℃ showed significantly increased autophagy-related genes (ATG5 and ATG7) and immune-related genes (IFNA, IFNB, ISG15, and NFKB) compared to mock. However, the virus cultured at 30℃ showed significantly decreased expression of autophagy-related genes (ATG5 and ATG7), but not significantly different major immune-related genes (IFNA, ISG15, and NFKB) compared to mock. Importantly, expression of the transcription factor FOXO1, which controls autophagy- and immune-related gene expression, was significantly lower at 30℃. Moreover, FOXO1 inhibition in temperature-optimized MDCK cells enhanced HuNoV replication, highlighting FOXO1 inhibition as an approach for successful virus replication. In the temperature-optimized cells, various HuNoV genotypes were successfully replicated, with GI.8 showing the highest replication levels followed by GII.1, GII.3, and GII.4. Furthermore, ultrastructural analysis of the infected cells revealed functional HuNoV replication at low temperature, with increased cellular apoptosis and decreased autophagic vacuoles. In conclusion, temperature-optimized MDCK cells can be used as a convenient culture model for HuNoV replication by inhibiting FOXO1 and providing adaptability to different genotypes.