• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.761-765
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• 2009

The effects of probiotic bacteria on the functional properties of squid by-products were investigated during fermentation. Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Pediococcus acidilactici were used to ferment the squid by-products for 96 hr at $37^{\circ}C$. The numbers of all probiotics increased to $10^7-10^8$ CFU/g after 96 hr fermentation. No substantial pH changes were observed. L. rhamnosus and P. acidilactici showed the highest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activities. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$) secreted from B cells increased after adding the extracts of probiotic-fermented squid by-products. The human NK cells were grown well in the B cell-growing broth cultured with the extracts of squid by-products fermented by L. rhamnosus and P. acidilactici. Trimethylamine (TMA) and dimethylamine (DMA) contents were significantly decreased after probiotic-fermentation. Therefore, L. rhamnosus GG and P. acidilactici can be used for the fermentation of squid by-products and their use would provide benefits in functional food products.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.244-251
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 폼 모니터의 유로 형상에 따라 유동 특성 및 분사거리에 비치는 영향을 수치적 해석기법인 유동해석을 통해 예측, 비교하고 실제 분사 성능 시험을 통해 검증하였다. 폼 모니터의 유로 형상에 따라 유체의 유동 양상이 달라지며, 유동손실이 발생함에 따라 분사거리에 영향을 미치는 것을 수치해석을 통해 계산하였다. 폼 모니터의 기본 형상은 N사에서 설계한 형상을 사용 하였고, 변경모델은 유로의 길이를 증가시킨 모델과 직선형태의 모델을 사용하였다. 입구압력은 6.5bar를 주었고, 계산 결과 유로의 길이를 증가시킨 모델과 직선형상 모델 모두 노즐에서의 분사거리가 향상되었다. 분사 성능시험결과와 비교한 결과 오차율은 7.43%로 비교적 잘 일치 하여 해석 기법의 타당성을 검증하였다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.202-206
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 감가공 과정에서 매년 막대한 양으로 발생하는 감껍질을 이용하여 에탄올을 생산하기 위하여 묽은 황산으로 감껍질을 전처리하는 조건을 중심합성계획법과 반응표면분석법을 통하여 최적화하였다. 감껍질의 최적 전처리 조건은 황산농도 1.77%와 열처리 시간 26.4분이었으며 RSM 모델에서 예측한 수준과 비슷한 수율로 환원당을 생성하였다. 감껍질 전처리물을 이용한 효모발효에서 혐기적 배양조건에서 15.52 g/l의 에탄올이 생산되는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 매년 막대한 양으로 발생하는 감껍질을 활용하는 방안 중의 하나로써 효모를 이용한 에탄올 생산의 가능성을 제시하였다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2012년도 학술발표회
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• pp.26-26
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• 2012

The Kurobe river, which runs through eastern Toyama Prefecture is one of the most famous rivers for wild water because of its steep slope in the range from 1/5 to 1/120. This river forms an alluvial fan in the range up to 13 kilometers from the sea. In this region, significant seepage flow occurs and thus the stream sometimes been intermitted. Moreover, the amount of seepage flow seems to vary with the groundwater level of the region. To keep the river environment healthy for flora and fauna, especially to conserve good condition for spawning of fishes, an appropriate environmental flow should be maintained in the river. To achieve this target, controlling of the upstream reservoir has to be studied in depth. One of the major problems to decide the amount of water to be released from the reservoir to maintain the environmental flow is to estimate the amount of water leaked into the groundwater from the river. This phenomenon is affected by the river flow rate as well as the groundwater level in the alluvial fan and the conditions vary in space and time. Thus, a grid-based hydrological cycle analysis model NK-GHM has been applied to clarify the hydrological cycle componentsin this area including seepage/discharge from/to the river. The model was tested by comparing with river flow rate, groundwater levels and other observations and found that the model described those observations well. Consequently, the seepage from the Kurobe river was found significant but it was also found that the groundwater in this region has been preserved by the recharge from the irrigation water supply into paddy fields in the alluvial fan.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제39권7호
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• pp.536-542
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• 2016

Interleukin-17A is a member of the IL-17 family, and is known as CTLA8 in the mouse. It is produced by T lymphocytes and NK cells and has proinflammatory roles, inducing cytokine and chemokine production. However, its role in tumor biology remains controversial. We investigated the effects of locally produced IL-17A by transferring the gene encoding it into CT26 colon cancer cells, either in a secretory or a membrane-bound form. Expression of the membrane-bound form on CT26 cells dramatically enhanced their proliferation in vitro. The enhanced growth was shown to be due to an increased rate of cell cycle progression: after synchronizing cells by adding and withdrawing colcemid, the rate of cell cycle progression in the cells expressing the membrane-bound form of IL-17A was much faster than that of the control cells. Both secretory and membrane-bound IL-17A induced the expression of Sca-1 in the cancer cells. When tumor clones were grafted into syngeneic BALB/c mice, the tumor clones expressing the membrane-bound form IL-17A grew rapidly; those expressing the secretory form also grew faster than the wild type CT26 cells, but slower than the clones expressing the membrane-bound form. These results indicate that IL-17A promotes tumorigenicity by enhancing cell cycle progression. This finding should be considered in treating tumors and immune-related diseases.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.544-549
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• 2017

본 논문은 오존 방식 선박평형수 처리의 핵심 장치인 이젝터에 대하여 회전 운동하는 구동 유체가 기체-액체 이젝터의 효율에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구이다. 이젝터는 오존을 구동 노즐을 통해 분사되는 고압 액체(선박평형수)와 주변부의 저압 기체 간의 운동량 교환으로 발생되는 부압에 의해 기체(오존)를 흡입시키는 장치이다. 기존의 이젝터는 단순한 형태로 구동 유체가 분사되지만, 본 논문에서는 구동 노즐부에 회전 유도장치를 적용하여 구동 유체가 회전 운동하며 분사될 수 있도록 한다. 구동 유체의 회전 운동 유무에 따른 유동 특성을 파악하기 위하여 전산유체해석을 이용하였으며, 구동 유체의 압력과 유량, 흡입부에 발생하는 흡입 유체의 부압과 흡입 유량, 그리고 토출 압력이 예측되었다. 그 결과를 바탕으로 회전유도 장치가 적용된 이젝터의 효율은 22.25%로 산출되었으며, 구동 유체의 회전 운동이 없는 이젝터에 비해 약 1.7%의 효율이 향상되었다. 마지막으로 전산유체해석의 타당성을 검증하고자 실험 장치를 구축하여 회전 유도 장치가 적용된 이젝터에 대한 실험을 수행하였으며, 전산유체해석 결과와 비슷한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.256-262
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• 2022

Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer is well known as traditional herbal medicine, and ginseng berries are known to exhibit potential immune-enhancing functions. However, little is known about the in vivo immunomodulatory activity of Korean ginseng berries. In this study, crude Korean ginseng berries polysaccharides (GBP) were isolated and their immunomodulatory activities were investigated using cyclophosphamide (CY)-induced immunosuppressive BALB/c mice. In CY-treated mice, oral administration of GBP (50-500 mg/kg BW) remarkably increased their spleen sizes and spleen indices and activated NK cell activities. GBP also resulted in the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes (coordinating with ConA: plant mitogen which is known to stimulate T-cell or LPS: endotoxin which binds receptor complex in B cells to promote the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines) in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, GBP significantly stimulated mRNA expression levels of immune-associated genes including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in CY-treated mice. These results indicate that GBP is involved in immune effects against CY-induced immunosuppression. Thus, GBP could be developed as an immunomodulation agent for medicinal or functional food application.

• 한국수학사학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2008

이 논문은 홍길주(洪吉周)$(1786{\sim}1841)$의 기하신설(幾何新說)에 들어 있는 대수학 분야를 조사하여 홍길주(洪吉周)의 대수학을 구조적으로 분석한다. 쌍추억산(雙推臆算)은 수리정온(數理精蘊)의 첩차호징(疊借互徵)으로 이에 대한 문제를 추가한 것이고, 개방몽구(開方蒙求)에서 완전제곱수부터 완전다섯제곱수를 급수로 나타내는 등식(等式)을 얻어내었다. 잡쇄수초에서, 정수환(整數環) Z의 상환(商環) Z/(9)를 도입하여 합동방정식을 해결하고, 마지막으로 황금비(黃金比)의 성질을 기하적으로 규명하였다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.387-404
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was to observe anticancer and related immunomodulatory effects of Kwibi-tang extracts (KBTe) on non-small cell lung carcinoma (squamous epithelial carcinoma), NCI-H520, xenograft Balb/c nu-nu nude mice. Methods : Three different dosages of KBTe, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg were orally administered once a day for 42 days from 11 days after tumor cell inoculation. Six groups, each of 8 mice per group were used in the present study. Changes in body weight, tumor volume and weight, lymphatic organs (spleen and popliteal lymph node), serum interferon (IFN)-${\gamma}$ levels, splenocytes NK cell activity and peritoneal macrophage activities, splenic tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$ and IL-10 contents were observed with tumor mass and lymphatic organ histopathology to detect anticancer and immunomodulatory effects. The results were compared with a potent cytotoxic anticancer agent, 5-FU (5-Fluorouracil) 30 mg/kg, intraperitoneal treatment (3-day intervals for 42 days, the optimal effective treatment regimes already confirmed). Results & Conclusions : This study suggest that over 50 mg/kg of KBTe showed favorable anticancer effects on the NCI-H520 cell xenograft with immunomodulatory effects. Although relatively lower anticancer effects were observed in KBTe 200 mg/kg treated mice as compared with 5-FU 30 mg/kg treated mice, no meaningful favorable immunomodulatory effects were observed after 5-FU treatment in the present study.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.169-178
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine stress, coping, and immune response effects of a psychosocial intervention program based on the PNI model and Stress-Appraisal-Coping for Korean patients with breast cancer. Methods: A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. The participants who had survived breast cancer and lived in Wonju city and the surrounding area were assigned to an intervention group (N=21) or a control group(N=18).We conducted a 12-week intervention, 2 hours a day weekly, and measured the variables at baseline, six and twelve weeks later. Dependent variables are: stress, anxiety-depression and anger, and immune response. Results: Patients in the psychosocial intervention program reported significantly less stress perception (U=31.500, p=.023), more problem solving ability and less problem avoidance in coping (U=20.500, p= .013; U=29.500, p=.040), and less anxiety-depression (U=22.000, p=.023). No difference, however, was found in anger and. immune responses between the two groups. Intervention effects were evident at week 6 and 12 for anxiety-depression, and at week 6 for problem avoidance in coping, the same time that NK cell counts and the T8 decreased. Conclusions: These results suggested positive effects of a psychosocial intervention program. However, the results are inconclusive due to the small sample.